Atsogoleri onse a Russia ku Rurik kuti Putin kuti mumve

History of Russia kuposa zaka chikwi, ngakhale pamaso pa Kubwera kwa boma pa territorrii ake anakhala mafuko osiyana kwambiri. Last nyengo desyativekovoy akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo angapo. olamulira onse Russian ku Rurik kuti Putin - anthu amene anali ana woona ndi aakazi a Nthawi wawo.

Waukulu mbiri magawo chitukuko cha Russia

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira yabwino kwambiri ndi gulu chonchi:

- komiti Kalonga wa Novgorod (862- 882 zaka);

- gulu la kalonga wamkulu wa Kiev (882- 1263 zaka);

- Akalonga gulu Vladimir (1157- 1425);

- Wamkulu ukulu Moscow (1283- 1547);

- nthawi ya mafumu ndi mafumu (kuchokera 1547 mpaka 1917);

- Soviet nyengo (1917 - 1991);

- mapulezidenti akwere (1991 kukapereka).

Gawo ili ndi zambiri kunena, ngakhale owerenga amene si amphamvu kwambiri m'mbiri dziko. Zochita za olamulira Russian wa nthawi anapatsidwa mwachuluka amadalira nyengo yawo yamakono. Kangapo anasintha dislocation chachikulu malo zandale wa Russia. Mpaka 1547 mu Russia ankalamulidwa ndi akalonga, anayamba nthawi ya boma monarhizatsii chomvetsa chisoni inatha mu 1917. Pafupifupi lonse XX atumwi pakukhala kwa hegemony wa Party Communist, komanso zikamera wa limati latsopano palokha ya Soviet Union.

Kuwerengera kwa olamulira Russian kuchokera 862 mpaka chiyambi cha kugawikana (Great Novgorod ndi Kiev ukulu)

Zotsatira isssledovany zipangizo mbiri ya nthawi umenewu umatithandiza kuti tifufuza dongosolo la akalonga kukhala mu mphamvu. N'zothekanso kukhazikitsa tsiku la Board olamulira Russian mu nyengo. Choncho:

- Rurik analamulira kuyambira mu 862 zaka 879;

- Aulosi Oleg anali mu mphamvu yochokera 879 zaka 912;

- Igor anali pa ntchito a kalonga zotsatirazi zaka 33, anaphedwa m'chaka cha 945;

- Olga, Grand Mfumukazi (945- 964);

- Prince wankhondo Svyatoslav (mwana wa Igor ndi Olga) akulamulira zaka 8 asanafe pa nkhondo;

- Jaropolk Svyatoslavovych (972- 980);

- Baptist a Lazaro , Vladimir Red Sun (980- 1015);

- Yaroslav Mudry (1016- 1054);

- kuyambira 1054 mpaka 1068 pamene mphamvu anali Izyaslav Yaroslavovich;

- ndi 1068 pa 1078 zaka, mndandanda wa olamulira Russia a pakukula mwa maina angapo (Vseslav Bryachislavovich, Yaroslavovich Izyaslav, Svyatoslav ndi Vsevolod Yaroslavovich mu 1078 kachiwiri akulamulira Izjaslav Yaroslavovich)

- 1078 zinali zodzaza ndi olimba a m'bwalolo ndale, kwa 1093 malamulo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich;

- Sviatopolk Izyaslavovich anali pa mpando wachifumu kwa 1093 kwa zaka 1113;

- Vladimir, dzina Monomakh (1113- 1125) - mmodzi mwa akalonga yabwino Kievan Lazaro;

- ndiye 7 zaka pa mpando wachifumu, mwana wa Monomaha Mstislav Vladimirovich;

- kuchokera 1132 mpaka 1139 akuluakulu a boma anali Jaropolk Vladimirovich.

Atsogoleri onse a Russia ku Rurik kuti Putin, yemwe ankakhala ndipo analamulira pa nthawi imeneyi ndipo mpaka nthawi ino, ntchito yaikulu ndinawona mu chuma cha dziko ndi kulimbikitsa udindo wa dziko m'bwalolo European. Chinthu china ndi chakuti aliyense wa iwo anapita cholinga, nthawi zina malangizo chosiyana kuposa akalambula ake.

Nyengo ya kugawikana kwa Kievan Lazaro

M'nthawi ya kugawikana ang'onoang'ono a Lazaro kusintha pa yaikulu Kalonga mpando wachifumu anali pafupipafupi. Palibe akalonga sanadzisiyira chizindikiro kwambiri mu mbiri ya Russia. Pofika cha m'ma XIII Kiev kenako kuchepa mtheradi. Worth anatchula akalonga ochepa okha amene analamulira m'zaka XII. Choncho kuyambira 1139 mpaka 1146 anali kalonga wa Kiev Vsevolod Olgovich. Mu 1146 pa helm a masabata awiri Igor wachiwiri anamutsatira ndi zaka zitatu malamulo Izjaslav Mstislavovich. Mpaka 1169 pa mpando wachifumu Kalonga nayo nthawi kukaona anthu ngati Vyacheslav Rurikovich, Rostislav wa Smolensk, Izyaslav Chernigovsky Yuri Dolgoruky, Izyaslav lachitatu.

chimachititsanso Capital kwa Vladimir

Pa mapangidwe feudalism mochedwa mu Russia anali yodziwika ndi zizindikiro zingapo:

- ndi chifooke mphamvu Kiev kalonga;

- pakutchulidwa malo angapo wanzeru, amene ankalimbana ndi mzake;

- chikoka kukula wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono.

Pa gawo la Russia anadza awiri malo yaikulu ya chikoka: Vladimir ndi Galich. Galich - ndi zofunika kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyo pakati ndale (ili lomwe tsopano ndi Western Ukraine). Ndi kufufuza mndandanda wa olamulira Russian, amene analamulira Vladimir. Kufunika kwa nyengo imeneyi ya m'mbiri adakali kuona kuti ofufuza za. Kumene, Vladimir nthawi mu chitukuko cha Russia sanali motalika monga Kiev, koma anali pambuyo amayamba mapangidwe monarchic Russia. Taonani tsiku la gulu la olamulira Russian a nthawi. Mu zaka zoyambirira za gawo ili la chitukuko cha olamulira Russia a anasintha zambiri zokwanira, panali bata, amene adzaoneka ina. zaka zoposa 5 mu mphamvu ya Vladimir akalonga amenewa:

- Andrew (1169- 1174);

- Vsevolod, mwana wa Andrew (1176- 1212);

- George Vsyevolodovitch (1218- 1238);

- Yaroslav, mwana wa Vsevolod (1238- 1246);

- Alexander (Nevsky), mtsogoleri nkhondo (1252- 1263);

- Jaroslav III (1263- 1272);

- wotchedwa Dmitry wa ine (1276- 1283);

- wotchedwa Dmitry II (1284- 1293);

- Andrei Gorodetsky (1293- 1304);

- Michael "Woyera" Tver (1305- 1317).

Atsogoleri onse a Russia pambuyo likulu zinamulimbikitsa Moscow pamaso pa mafumu woyamba

Choka likulu Vladimir Moscow mwazaka pafupifupi chikugwirizana ndi mapeto a nthawi ya ang'onoang'ono kugawikana Lazaro ndi kulimbikitsa likulu amadza ndale. Ambiri mwa akalonga anali pa mpando wachifumu wautali kuposa oweruza a Vladimir nthawi. Choncho:

- Prince Ivan (1328- 1340);

- Umuna Ivanovich (1340- 1353);

- Ivan Krasny (1353- 1359);

- Aleksey Byakont (1359- 1368);

- wotchedwa Dmitry (Don), mtsogoleri odziwika (1368- 1389);

- Vasily (1389- 1425);

- Sofya Litovskaya (1425- 1432);

- Vasiliy Temny (1432- 1462);

- Ivan III (1462- 1505);

- Vasily Ivanovich (1505- 1533);

- Elena Glinska (1533- 1538);

Khumi ndi 1548 mbiri ya Russia inali nthawi yovuta, pamene zinali ngati kuti mafumu Kalonga kwenikweni wosweka. Panali nthawi stagnation, pamene mphamvu anali Ankhondo a m'banja.

Mafumu ulamuliro mu Russia: chiyambi cha Mafumu

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale apeza nthawi zitatu mbiri ya chitukuko cha boma lachifumu Russian:
asanabwere wachifumu Petra Velikogo ya ulamuliro Peter Wamkulu kenako. Tsiku la Board olamulira Russian kuchokera 1548 mpaka cha m'ma XVII ndi:

- Ivan m'khutu (1548- 1574);

- Umuna Kasimovsky (1574- 1576);

- kachiwiri, Ivan Grozny (1576- 1584);

- Theodore (1584- 1598).

Fedor mfumu analibe wolowa nyumba, kotero ndi mafumu Rurik ankafunika. zaka 1598-1612 - imodzi mwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko lathu. Olamulira n'kuyamba pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Kuyambira 1613 analamulira dziko Romanov mafumu:

- Michael woimirira loyamba la Mafumu Romanov (1613- 1645);

- Alexis, mwana wa mfumu yoyamba (1645- 1676);

- Theodore A. anabwera mpando 1676 ndi malamulo a zaka 6;

- Sophia, mlongo wake, adzalamulira kuchokera 1682 mpaka 1689.

Mu XVII atumwi ku Russia, potsiriza, anali bata ndi. Limbikitsani mphamvu chapakati, pang'onopang'ono ayamba kusintha zomwe zinachititsa chakuti Russia wakula mwachirengedwe anapezanso mphamvu, kudali kuonedwa kutsogolera mphamvu dziko. The ngongole kwa kusintha mu mawonekedwe a boma ali wamkulu Russian Tsar Peter I (1689-1725) umene unalinso mfumu yoyamba.

Olamulira a Russia pambuyo Peter

mu ulamuliro wa Petra Velikogo - izi maluwa a boma Russian, pamene ufumu wabweza amphamvu zake zombo ndi kulimbikitsidwa asilikali. olamulira onse Russian ku Rurik kuti Putin, ankadziwa kufunika asilikali, koma pang'ono anapatsidwa kuzindikira kuthekera lalikulu la dziko. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nthawi imene anali aukali yachilendo ndondomeko ya Russia, amene anawonekera mu inalowa zachiwawa madera atsopano (Chirasha Turkey nkhondo, ndawala Azov).

Kuwerengera kwa olamulira Russian kuchokera 1725 mpaka 1917 ndi motere:

- Catherine Skavronskaya (1725-1727);

- Peter II (aphedwa 1730);

- Mfumukazi Anne (1730-1740);

- Ivan Antonovych (1740-1741);

- Catherine P. (1741-1761);

- Peter F. (1761- 1762);

- Ekaterina Velikaya (1762- 1796);

- Pavel Petrovich (1796- 1801);

- Alexander I (1081-1825);

- Nicholas I (1825-1855);

- Alexander II (1855 - 1881);

- Alexander III (1881-1894);

- Nicholas II - wotsiriza wa Romanovs, analamulira mpaka 1917.

Panthawi imeneyi, iwo anamaliza ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha dziko, pamene mphamvu mafumu. Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, pali latsopano kuti ndale - mabwalo.

Russian m'nyengo Soviet ndipo pambuyo kugwa kwake

Woyamba zaka zingapo zisinthe zinali zovuta. Mwa olamulira a nthawi ino akhoza kuwasiyanitsa Aleksandra Fedorovicha Kerenskogo. Pambuyo mwalamulo la USSR monga boma mpaka 1924 ndipo anatsogolera dziko Vladimir Lenin. Kenako, dongosolo la olamulira Russian chiri motere:

- Dzhugashvili Iosif Vissarionovich (1924-1953);

- Nikita Khrushchev anali mlembi woyamba wa Party Communist pa atamwalira Stalin mpaka 1964;

- Leonid Brezhnev (1964- 1982);

- Yuriy Andropov (1982- 1984);

- Konstantin Chernenko, Mlembi General wa Party Communist (1984-1985);

- Mikhail Gorbachev, pulezidenti woyamba wa USSR (1985-1991);

- Boris Yeltsin, mutu wa wodziimira Russia (1991-1999);

- mutu panopa boma Putin - Pulezidenti Russia kuyambira 2000 (ndi yopuma zaka 4, pamene boma kutsogoleredwa ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev)

iwo ali-Russian amene olamulira?

Atsogoleri onse a Russia ku Rurik kuti Putin, yemwe anali mu mphamvu kwa mbiri zoposa zikwi-chaka wa chigawo - ndi okonda dziko lawo, amene ankafuna chuma cha m'madera onse a dziko lalikulu. olamulira ambiri sanali anthu mwachisawawa m'munda yovutayi, ndipo anapanga Zopereka zonse zotheka kuti chitukuko ndi mapangidwe Russia. Good ndi ubwino wa anthu ake, ndithudi, monga olamulira onse Russian: mphamvu yaikulu ndi nthawi zonse anawauza kulimbitsa ndi malire, patsogolo malonda, cholimbikitsa imapanga chitetezo.