Autonomization - ichi ndi mutu kuti amafuna kuphunzira kwakuya

Mu December 2017 m'pamene chikumbutso 95th wa USSR - boma, umene unatha pafupifupi 69 zaka. Mu masiku a Soviet Union anatsindika agwirizana ndi zaufulu kujowina mayiko fraternal wa USSR. Utatha wa gawo ili la mbiri yathu kwake mabuku osiyanasiyana. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu kugwa kwa Union mu 1991, wakhala kudziyimira pawokha. Zimenezi si kwathunthu sizinatheke. Tiye tione chifukwa chake.

Mapangidwe mayiko palokha

Pambuyo pa Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira iwo nthawi yomweyo malamulo zingapo zofunika, kuphatikizapo Declaration anapereka anthu a Russia ndi ufulu kukhazikitsa limati palokha. Ufuluwu anali anasonyeza Finns, Latvians, Zitsulo, Ukrainians, Estonians ndi mitundu ina kuti kale anali nzika za ufumu Russian, koma tsopano ufulu wodzilamulira zawo.

Kumayambiriro a 1918, III Congress la Soviet Union legislated mfundo boma ndi kudziyimira pawokha yotakata anthu amene akufuna kukhala gawo la RSFSR lapansi. njira imeneyi, pa dzanja limodzi, osauka kayendedwe mtundu wa kunja kwa ufumu wakale zifukwa zazikulu kupitiriza kulimbana, ndipo Komano, anakanthanso lalikulu-lingaliro, amene anali kuphunzitsidwa Russia mpaka October 1917.

Komabe, pa Civil nkhondo, ena mwa mayiko wamng'ono Soviet usilikali, zachuma, mauthenga komanso machitidwe mayendedwe kwa chitetezo wamba, ndipo ayambe wotsatira wa chuma. Kumayambiriro 20 ntchentche za tsogolo la mgwirizano asilikali zachuma anayambitsa kutsutsana kwambiri. Ambiri, pali malo atatu yophatikiza: chitaganya, chitaganya ndi kudziyimira pawokha. Uwu unali umodzi mwa ntchito za boma, akufunikira zochita mwamsanga.

Federation of Lenin

Atsogoleri ena a mayiko a Soviet amene sankafuna palokha, anandiuza chilengedwe cha chitaganya, kumene kudzakhala akuluakulu boma logwirizana. koma VI Lenin, amene anali ndi mbiri kwambiri m'boma la Soviet, anatsutsa lingaliro la Chitaganya, kukhulupirira kuti boma adzakhala kugwirizana wofooka pakati pa mayiko a dziko.

Koma Lenin sanagwirizane ndi malingaliro a Stalin, chimene kudziyimira pawokha - chiyanjano cha Soviet mkati la Russia ngati yoyenda yokha (palokha ndipo wofanana) ophunzira. Lenin anali wothandiza dongosolo la Union a Soviet boma. Iye adadza ndi dzina boma tsogolo.

Federation, Lenin ndinaganiza dziko adzakhale ndi mawonekedwe zoyenerera anzawo. Chotero dongosolo anthu ndale amapeleka kwa kuyanjana kwa mayiko onse, kuphatikizapo ufulu secede kwa Soviet Union. chitaganya sanali akuyenera kukhala malo centralism zimabwezera kwambiri mphamvu chauvinism.

dongosolo Stalin kwa autonomization

Mu 1922, Stalin wotanganidwa malo Commissar ndi RSFSR Anthu kwa mayiko. Iye walunjika chipani ndi boma ntchito anayamba lamulo kusodza analandira m'mbiri ya dzina la "autonomization dongosolo."

Pansi bilu atatu Soviet mayiko - Belarus, Ukraine ndi Transcaucasian Federation (Azerbaijan, Armenia ndi Georgia) - anali kukhala yoyenda yokha mkati la Russia.

Ndipotu, Stalin akufuna chilengedwe cha boma unitary limodzi, wapamwamba mphamvu matupi a Republic ndi malamulo. M'mawu ena, utsogoleri chapakati anali yofunika kwambiri mbali zonse za mayiko Union, zomwe zili mosatsata ulamuliro mkati.

Mapangidwe wa USSR

December 30, 1922 gululo ya Soviet anasaina mgwirizano pangano ndi kulengeza kulengeza mapangidwe wa USSR. Mapale anasonyeza kuti mafunso a malonda ena ndi mfundo, chitetezo, mauthenga komanso zachuma adzakhala kutumikiridwa ndi mabungwe chapakati boma. Njira otsala milandu anakhalabe mu yamtunduwu wa akuluakulu dziko.

Choncho, maziko chilengedwe Soviet Union anayikidwa Leninist mfundo ya ulamuliro ndi azimai koma nthawi wasonyeza yokhala yekha. Ndipotu ufulu wa mayiko Union pang'onopang'ono udzachepetsedwa ndi boma lokha limakhala unitary. Posachedwapa kudziyimira pawokha Stalinist Soviet Union adayamba kuzitsatira.

Kodi zotsatira zake?

The zifukwa zina mikangano fuko limene linabuka kumayambiriro kwa 80-90-ntchentche mu USSR, ndipo pambuyo kugwa kwa Soviet Union, anapeza ku m'nthawi ya Soviet Union.

Inde, mavutowa sangathe otsutsika yekha za mfundo za autonomization, kuika utsogoleri chipani mu chimango cha mfundo m'mabungwe a dziko. Pamaso zitasintha, choncho malowa anali bwino. Komabe, siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu mfumu ya mayiko sakanakhoza pochitika popanda kusiya sanachite.

Zinachitika Soviet, pamene kukonzekera anali yayambika chifukwa kulengedwa kwa USSR, pali pang'ono kuphunzira, komanso kudziyimira pawokha Stalin. Zimenezi zimabweretsa Ziwerengero kosagwirizana wa asapita ziliri ndale pakati pa mayiko kale kamodzi Soviet ndi Mulimonsemo si abwino kusamvana mtendere nkhondo padziko lonse alipo.