Zowoneka ndi mbiri ya Tomsk

Kuphunzira mbiri ya mzinda nthawizonse chidwi. Ndipotu njira moyo ndi mizinda wapadera ndipo kenako kuyamba kuganizira za cholinga cha aliyense wa iwo mu dziko.

mwachidule

M'nkhani ino tikambirana za mbiri ya mzinda wa Tomsk, za chifukwa chake pang'onopang'ono adakula ndipo anayamba zaka mazana anayi. Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti malo amenewa chinali choti akaidi komanso kutumikira anthu, koma yochepa anakhala zolemera m'mizinda ina yambiri zoweta. Mu 1991 Tomsk anapatsidwa udindo wa mzinda mbiri, monga mu mkhalidwe wabwino wa kusamala wapadera mbiri nyumba, malo ndi zina zotero. Kulemekeza mzinda ameneyu dzina lake ndi asteroid (4931). Dzina la mzinda ndi dzina nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi K-150 bwato "Tomsk" mbali ya Russian Pacific zombo. Wolemba Alexander Volkov ankasangalala ndi greenery kwa mzinda, nchifukwa chake amatsenga mu nthano wa Emerald City!

Tomsk mbiri watiuza ife kuti mzinda dzina lina - Siberia Athens. Inu anafuna kudziwa chifukwa chake dzina lake? Ndiye zipitani!

M'munsi mwa Tomsk linga

Lodabwitsali wakale Siberia mzinda nkhawa mbiri yakale komanso ofukula ngakhale lero, ndi onse chifukwa 1604 Mfumu Boris inaika lamulo pa maziko a mzinda mu "m'malo ovuta mwa chisomo cha Mulungu ...." Mbiri ya mzinda wa Tomsk ali zaka zoposa zinayi!

Prince Toyan anapempha thandizo kwa mfumu chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha mayiko awo. Pamenepo mfumu, ndipo anali kudziŵa kuti mzindawu unali mu mapiri pafupi Cape Kuuka Tom Mtsinje. History of dzina Tomsk ndi losavuta: mzinda chikutchedwa mtsinje lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi mabanki. Kumapeto kwa September chaka chomwecho inatha yomanga kukagawira.

Tomsk linga anamanga mu njira ya "Gorodnya." M'munsi anali m'linga quadrangle, ndi zotsalira za mahekitala 0.2. Makoma burg pazipita anafika 6.5 m. Panali 4 nsanja pa mphambano za Osamva. Kumpoto ndi anyamata, mbali ya kum'mwera ya linga zinamangidwa carriageways nsanja, kutalika awo anali 13 ndi 22 mamita. Pamudzi anali kutsetsereka pansi kanyumba, Bwanamkubwa bwalo, nkhokwe zosiyanasiyana ndi nkhokwe, komanso Utatu Church, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1606.

Kunali m'tauni yaing'ono ya Tomsk. Mbiri ya m'munsi ndi ophweka, koma mzinda wa kufunika tsoka la boma Russian sangathe n'kofunika.

Tomic anapitiriza kulimbitsa ndi kumanga mpanda latsopano la mzinda wakale. Choncho, mu 1609 "malinga atatu" kumbali ya kumpoto a linga la prirub ndende ina. The utali wonse wa makoma anali pafupi 604 mayadi ndi mitunda iwiri. Anamaliza osamva awiri ndi kudutsa nsanja. Tsopano m'dera la nyumba yonse ya Tomsk ali padziko 4 mahekitala. Nkhani sikuthetsa ndi chilengedwe cha Tomsk.

Siteji yotsatira ya zomangamanga

linga wina inamangidwa 1634 pa mbali zonse za mtsinje Ushayka Mtsinje, ngati kuchuluka kwa nzika kumeneko. Zomwe anthu am'deralo kuitana "The m'munsi linga." Moto mchitidwe watenga mosadziwika Tomsk mu 1639 ndi 1643, motero. Mzindawu atapsa. Panthawi imeneyi atakhala anthu zikwi ziwiri Tomsk. Awa, alimi oposa 700, tradespeople ndi kalasi utumiki anthu.

Pambuyo moto mu 1652, anthu ndi mapulani anamaliza kumanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri mumzindawo.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Tomsk - linga matabwa azungulira stockade, ndi 7 anamanga-carriageway ndi nsanja ogontha. Upper linga a linga la kumpoto kwa mpanda, kumene kunali kwakukulu galimoto nsanja.

Mu 1734 mu Tomsk akubwera G. F. Miller - ndi historiography dziko. Pa tsikulo analemba kuti mbiri ya maziko a Tomsk ndi zodabwitsa, kukula amasirira mayendedwe awo. Iye ananenanso kuti linga inamangidwa "pa chitsanzo cha nyumba matabwa," ndipo nsanja pafupi zipata ndi zida zankhondo moto. Panali nsanja ina - wachisanu ndi chiwiri, ndi kuchenjerera. Iwo Church Utatu. Kuseri kwa mpanda wolimba anali linga kakang'ono, cha m'ma XVIII izo languished akaidi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XVIII, mumzinda lidagawikana m'magulu asanu. kulimbikitsa mzinda alibe waliteteza. Ndipo mu mzinda anali:

• 7 mipingo.
• 1 obisika.
• 237 = 3 masitolo ambiri malonda.
• 1500 m'tawuni nyumba.
• 7500 anthu.

Tomsk mbiri, wolembedwa mu mbiri, anati kuti 1723 anthu a mumzindawo pafupifupi 9000 nzika za magulu osiyanasiyana.

mzinda ankakhala

Siberia Tomsk anakhala pakati pa mawu a zachuma, malo ndi mfundo usilikali pa zifukwa zingapo. Tiyeni tione iwo.

Choyamba, Tomsk - malo omwe magulu a Cossacks anapita kukazonda kuzungulira dziko sanali mtendere ku Altai mapiri, imachokera kwa Yenisei kuti Transbaikalia steppes ndipo ngakhale Pacific Ocean! Kuti utumiki kalasi anthu Tomsk wopalidwa msewu tsiku loyamba la expanses Siberia.

Kachiwiri, woyamba maziko chuma cha chitukuko cha mzindawo unali ulimi khasu. Ndizoonekeratu kuti Tomsk a kulima mizinda ya ku Russia. Posakhalitsa, mzinda ukuonekera ndipo akufotokozera luso. Kale mu 1626, mzinda oposa 20 osema. Patatha zaka 30, chiwerengero ichi chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 2.5. Ngakhale zaka zana mwa Tomich oposa 380 amisiri a ukatswiri osiyana. Ena mwa iwo anali mwini-akatswiri: .. Icon amisiri, Armorer, watchmakers, etc. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, umboni ndi mbiri ya mzinda wa Tomsk, zimachokera ku yadothi wa zitsulo mu lonse mafakitale. kupala matabwa ndi matabwa anafika nsonga zazitali kwambiri. Tomsk mamangidwe a kutsimikizira izi. nyumba nkhani Tomsk ife tidzakambirana ina.

Chachitatu, mzinda ndi m'banda ndi Pasanapite nthawi yaikulu kugula likulu, monga unakhazikitsidwa m'dera la kum'mwera kwa Siberia dera. Tomsk - Center polumikizira kayendedwe ka anthu a Siberia.

sukulu

M'dera Siberia wa Tomsk akutsogolereni mu masanjidwe chiwerengero cha sukulu kwa zaka 100. Kale mu 1878, mu mzinda uno woyamba Imperial University mu Russia kupitirira Urals linatsegulidwa.

University dzina la V. V. Kuybysheva ankaona yunivesite yakale kwambiri mu Siberia ndi Far East. History of Tomsk anasonyeza kuti anakhazikitsidwa mu 1880. Patapita zaka zingapo, bungwe la anatsegula chipatala ndi malamulo machitidwe. Komanso, pa maziko a Tomsk State Pedagogical University anayamba ndi mabungwe zachipatala.

Mu 1976 TSU anatsegula m'madipatimenti mu mayendedwe:

• thupi;
• Radio Physics;
• Zimango ndi Masamu;
• Physics and Technology;
• Nthaka ndi Geography;
• Ntchito Masamu;
• mankhwala;
• nthaka ndi kwachilengedwenso;
• malamulo;
• Philology;
• mbiri;
• chuma;
• maphunziro;
• Maphunziro School;
• Kukonzekera ndipo makalata m'madipatimenti.

The TSU anatsegula mabungwe kafukufuku m'minda ya okonza ndi masamu, zamoyo, ndi biophysics. Pali yunivesite botanical m'munda ndipo zosungiramo zinthu zochititsa chidwi zambiri:

• mineralogy;
• paleontology;
• zinyama;
• zinthu zakale zokumba pansi;
• ethnography;
• herbarium.

Laibulale sayansi ali pa maalumali ake mabuku mamiliyoni atatu.

Kogona kwa ophunzira Tbilisi State University inamangidwa 1883 kwathunthu ndalama zopereka. Zipinda analibe mipando ndi ziwiya zofunika ophunzira omasuka kukhala. Chifukwa iwo anali otseguka chodyera ndi laibulale. Ndi kuti mu mtumiki dormitory lotsatira mayeso.

Koma zosangalatsa chikhalidwe m'madera a moyo mzinda, ndiye kale m'zaka 19 ankagwidwa Philharmonic masewera ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi.

ena ziwerengero

Kutsegula kwa Tomsk State University kwambiri bwanji khalidwe la moyo - ndi qualitatively bwino. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, zaka chifukwa pambuyo 100 pambuyo kutsegula kwa University of zalembedwa pafupifupi 2,000 aphunzitsi komanso ofufuza, kuphatikizapo aphunzitsi 70 madokotala a sayansi yosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi 450. wothandizira aphunzitsi ndi ofuna, ndi chiwerengero cha ana kuposa 8,000.

Maonekedwe akunja a mumzindawo

History of Tomsk House limanena kuti matabwa zomangamanga ndi mamangidwe a chi ali ndi mwamphamvu komanso mitundu wokongola, pamakoma wokongola, Q ndi chodabwitsa zokongoletsa chosema.

Lero, sakhoza kuona nyumba zambiri zimene zikusonyeza alendo maonekedwe mzindawo zaka ziwiri zapitazo. mpingo wokongola kwambiri kwa kuuka kwa Akufa, wopangidwa kalembedwe Baroque. Amaona chodabwitsa Gostiny Dvor pa msika, mwala. Pali nyumba mu kalembedwe classicism:

• Zamalamulo (1802-1812 gg.).
• maofesi a boma (1830-1842 gg.).
• Kusinthana zovuta (1854-1854 gg.).
• Nyumba yoyamba Tbilisi State University (1880-1885 gg.).

Wochuluka greenery, kusamala malo nkhalango, ambiri mwala ndi nyumba matabwa ndi kusema wapadera - Mbali chimene chimasiyanitsa m'misewu ya Tomsk. History akutionetsa mu wapadera zomangamanga matabwa, koma, mwatsoka, ambiri nyumba matabwa zinawonongedwa ndi moto zambiri. Lero, akugula tchuthi kunyumba, Tomichi kukongoletsa mawindo ake ndipo zitseko ndi m'mbale matabwa, mosamala kuteteza miyambo ya backwoods Siberia. M'mudzimo komanso azikongoletsa nyumba zawo kunja kwa mzinda wa Tomsk.

kopita

Bungweli	adiresi	Features
Museum kuphunzira m'dera	Frunze Avenue, d. 2	Anakhazikitsidwa mu March 1922, m'nyumba ya Tomsk Gold Migodi I. D. Astasheva. Kuthandiza mapangidwe chionetsero ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho owonetsera zakale ali Tretyakov Gallery ndi Rumyantsev Museum
Museum wa Matabwa Zomangamanga	Kirov Chiyembekezo, d. 7	nyumbayi ili mu nyumba kapena chipilala a zomangamanga Russian tanthauzo feduro. nyumba yomangidwa pa zipika, kokha analengedwa mu kalembedwe ano. chionetsero Museum ili pa yosanja, ndipo ngakhale mu chapamwamba lapansi. The Fund ali pafupifupi 200 zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, komanso zinthu 300 zasungidwa mongoyembekezera
Mwamwayi chipilala	Shevchenko Street, d. 19	Chosema mu mawonekedwe a nkhandwe ali dzina lina - ". Pakali pano lidzayimba" Iwo sanatsegula kale mu 2005. Wolf amaimira chisangalalo, malinga ndi wolemba polojekiti Leontiya Usova
ruble chipilala	m'dera Novo-Cathedral	Kulemera ndalama madenga 250 makilogalamu. Anapanga ndalama zimenezi mwa pine. Choyamba, kuwonongedwa kwa chinyezi ake ataphimbidwa ndi njira yapadera, koma kenako "mmatumba" mu wapadera mandala bokosi pulasitiki
Museum wa mbiri mzinda Tomsk	Street Bakunin, d. 3	Limadzitsegula kwa anthu posachedwapa, mu 2003. chionetserocho limatchedwa "Atumwi a Tomsk"
Epiphany Cathedral	Lenin Square, d. 8	Mmodzi wa aang'ono wamkulu mu Tomsk. Anamangidwa mu 1630
planetarium	Lenin Avenue, d. 82, K. 1	Pamaziko a TSU
Theatre "buffoon" dzina la R. Vindermana	M'dera la Salt, d. 4	The zisudzo anatsegula zitseko zake alendo mu zaka 40 za zaka mazana makumi awiri. Malowa kwambiri kucheza ana, monga chuma onse anachita zidole
Asilavo nthano Museum	Street Zagorny, d. 12	M'nyumbayi yaikulu ya malire Ural. Aziwonetsero monga zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapadera. Easel kupenta, zithunzi - izi zonse zochokera nthano zathu, komanso potengera nkhani Russian wowerengeka. Ancient Yairo akubwera moyo kutsogolo kwa alendo m'nyumbayi

Kodi alendo chidwi

Popeza Tomsk - Old Town Siberia, pali zambiri mbiri nyumba. Today nyumbayi atakutidwa mu iwo, mabanki, ntchito zaboma. Pali ambiri mipingo Orthodox, pali mpingo ndi ngakhale mzikiti. Lero, pa dziko kale Tomsk linga ali mayunivesite asanu, zisudzo ndi pa siteji ya Drama Theatre. The ambirimbiri zipilala wapadera ndi oseketsa kukometsera m'misewu. Koma kunja kwa mzinda pali chidwi kuti si zochepa zosangalatsa ndi zaphindu!

Mwachitsanzo, mtsinje pamwamba Basandayki kumenya 15 akasupe ndi madzi wosamvetseka umathandizanso. Zitatu m'tauni otchedwa monga "Talovskie mbale." Chotero dzina wophiphiritsa analandira chifukwa laimu mchere iwo ali. Kupita pamwamba pa mtsinje, zigawo zikuluzikulu kupanga khoma chowulungika ndi darkens chifukwa cha zili okusayidi manganese. Mbale lalikulu ali magawo:

• khoma makulidwe - 30 cm;
• kutalika - 1 mita;
• Utali - 4 mamita.

Iwo akunena Talovskaya madzi osati kuchiritsa, komanso wokoma kukoma. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti mu yozizira, makiyi amenewa musati amaundana nthawi.

Tomsk chikhalidwe wolemera zipilala wapadera ofunika chimodzimodzi khutu koposa kachisi kapena Gostiny Dvor.

Pomaliza

Tomsk mbiri zonse zochitika ndi mfundo. mzinda ikukula mofulumira ndi osauka. M'zaka za m'ma 4, iye anakwaniritsa zimene ambiri mumzinda sakanakhoza kumasulira mu zaka chikwi.

City wazilenga ndipo anayamba zosiyanasiyana zomangamanga. Masiku ano, vuto lalikulu - kukhalabe ndi Sinthani izo. Komanso, pali nkhawa Tomsk - kuteteza mbiri munthu, kulenga zokhumba Siberia Athens - mbiri chikhalidwe pakati. A ambiri miyeso anatengedwa, komanso kwambiri chachitika kwa akuluakulu a boma.

History of Tomsk mwachidule ndi zikusonyeza alendo mzinda wa ukulu wake, kupambana ndi patsogolo.

Alendo amene anapita Tomsk, kuti mu mzinda uno n'kosatheka kugwa m'chikondi. Iwo anaona yoyera ndiponso kusamalidwa bwino. Iwo anaona kuti madalaivala ndi waulemu kwa anthu oyenda pansi. Akazi kukufotokoza tawuni momasuka ndi wokongola. Amuna kusangalala Tomsk Beer Museum. Ngakhale kuti mzinda ankaona kuti akale, pali achinyamata ambiri amene analembetsa ku mayunivesite onse ndi makoleji.

Kuti mzinda wokongola ndi mbiri akhoza kukhala ndi ndege, sitima, basi ndi kumene galimoto. ngakhale mwachidule Novosibirsk: 250 Km - ndipo ali kumeneko.