Zamiyendo Inayi nsomba: dzina, makamaka kulima ndi okwanira. nsomba munda

Kulima mayiwe zamiyendo Inayi nsomba kapena okhutira - ndiwo nsomba maalumali ritelo a dziko. umisiri ulimi nsomba anayamba ndi anasintha chifukwa kusintha mu mbiri yakale, ndale ndiponso zachuma zikuchitika ku Russia.

mkombero wa kulima mu mayiwe a carp ndi zina zamiyendo Inayi nsomba pachikhalidwe zimatenga zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mphamvu zamiyendo Inayi nsomba m'mayiwe likuvutika kuswana ndi polyculture dziwe fetereza. Kucotsa chakudya yokumba ndi feteleza mchere imatulutsa chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse mayiwe (kulera ndi kudzinenepetsa).

Mitundu ya nsomba zamiyendo Inayi

zamiyendo Inayi nsomba chiyani? Mndandanda wa nsomba zamiyendo Inayi Russia zikuphatikizapo:

• White carp ndi bighead.
• Karp.
• Grass carp.

nsomba, chifukwa makhalidwe zake zachilengedwe, n'zosavuta mizu m'maiko ambiri pokhalabe kukoma akalozera.

udzu carp

Nsomba malonda wa banja carp ndi amakhala ndi kukula mofulumira. Pakhala milandu kunenepa udzu carp mpaka makilogalamu 50. Kudyetsa carp kupsa amatunga aliyense zomera, tchire udzu ndi chakudya maganizo. The zakudya udzu carp anatsimikiza ndi msinkhu wake.

M'badwo wa nsomba	menyu
masiku 1-14 a moyo	zooplankton
masiku 15-30 moyo	ang'ono algae
A mwezi kapena kuposa	Duckweed ndi zina dziwe zomera

mowa awo chakudya udzu carp zambiri kuposa kulemera kwake.

Amur otchedwa zachilengedwe fyuluta dziwe. Kudya algae iwo kudutsa matumbo a nsomba ndi kachiwiri mu madzi, kupanga chilengedwe yabwino moyo ndi kuswana nsomba zina. Chiwerengero cha nsomba, dziko reclamation zimadalira m'mene dziwe anali atachuluka ndi algae ndi ku mayunitsi zana ndi mazana asanu udzu carp pa mahekitala.

Pofuna kuonjezera zokolola Ndi bwino kuti atchule nsomba chakudya chabwino cha zina udzu forage osatha. Oyenera nyemba kapena sainfoin. Pa zomera otsika ku dziwe, carp nthawi zina akhoza kudyetsedwa forage. Koma sayenera nkhanza. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu akuluakulu pathologies.

Wofunitsitsa kubereka mu cupids woyera zimadalira dera okhala. Choncho, mu Madera a kum'mwera kwa dziko carp ukufika kukhwima kugonana zaka zisanu, ndi kumpoto - pa eyiti.

Ndi Kudzalanso udzu carp manambala zidutswa mpaka 600 pa mahekitala 1, ikhoza kuchapidwa amatunga bwino tchire. Pakuti amtengo ndipo kwambiri atachuluka amatunga cupids kuchuluka ayenera ziwonjezeke kwa anthu chikwi pa mahekitala. Akale kuthandiza achinyamata udzu carp mu nyengo kukula kuchotsa madzi opanda pake inamera mabango ndi zimawathandiza kukonzekera kulima fingerlings carp.

Koma carp anasonyeza monga Meliorator gawo m'madzi, m'pofunika kulenga zinthu zapadera. Choncho, kuya dziwe ayenera kukhala osachepera theka mita. chikhalidwe Izi ndi zofunika kwa nsomba bwino wintering. Ndi kupereka Kutentha madzi mu miyezi yotentha 18 ° C.

Sayansi ya kukula kubzala zakuthupi zamiyendo Inayi nsomba m'mayiwewa chimakhuzana polyculture zovuta. Moyo bwino ndi woyera udzu carp ndi oimira dziko nsomba, monga carp (zoyera ndi zokongola), carp, Pike ndi zander. N'chifukwa chiyani chiwerengero cha nsomba zamiyendo Inayi akhoza kwambiri yafupika? Kupezeka kwa Pike mu dziwe, kupanga kudya carp ana ake. Choncho, chifukwa bwino yoyeretsa ya posungira kuchokera algae podsazhivayut yearlings carp, oposa mazana awiri gram kulemera.

Njira imeneyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwinobwino kwa nthawi yaitali Saratov zamiyendo Inayi nsomba hatchery. Pambuyo spiking zaka ziwiri ndi zaka zitatu udzu carp, kampani anakwanitsa kuchotsa algae ndi mabango pa malo oposa mahekitala chikwi, zimene pamapeto, zinachititsa kusintha opaleshoni ndi ntchito ndalama.

carp

Carp - dzina chabwera m'maganizo pamene kuyankha funso limene teleost ndi zamiyendo Inayi. Ndipotu carp - ndi kuŵetedwa carp. Mbali khalidwe la dongosolo lake m'mimba ndi kupanda m'mimba. Choncho carp amaganiziranso moyo wake wonse kufunafuna chakudya. Mwamwayi, iye ndi chakudya wodzichepetsa - ndi zosangalatsa carp ofanana amadya algae ndi ena zomera za m'madzi, tizilombo mphutsi, midges ndi zomera ang'ono.

Carp - nsomba wopulumuka, akhoza kukhala pafupi theka la zana. Kumene, kuchita kulima carp chotero nthawi yaitali sizimatanthauza.

Carp - Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa minda nsomba. Kuswana carp 70% ya nsomba zamiyendo Inayi.

Popularization wa kuswana nsomba anachititsa osati zosiyanasiyana zimene akudyetsedwa carp, komanso laxity ake mu chisamaliro ndi kukonzanso. Kusuntha nsomba amanyamula mavuto ndi mavuto - kutentha ozizira komanso kusowa oxygen.

Pali zitatu boma mitundu carp:

1. Galasi.
2. Scaled.
3. Wamaliseche.

subtypes awa nthambi ku Mitundu ambiri. Pali yokongola carp mitundu (mwachitsanzo, Koi carp), amene zimaŵetedwa zolinga zokongoletsa.

malo

Kwenikweni ayipanga carp mu amatunga payekha kapena mitengo. Carp mwachangu ndi monga wodzichepetsa achikulire. Mu dziwe ndi madzi patsogolo kapena ofooka ikutuluka osayenera - chimango, amene anatambasula thumba. Ndipo nsomba moyo ndi zimasokoneza mu iwo.

The mulingo woyenera dziwe kuya zili ndi carp - theka kuti mamita awiri. Osaya akuya madzi kumalimbikitsa kutentha wabwino. Ndi bwino kuika jenereta mpweya kwa mpweya machulukitsidwe wa posungira ndi backlight kwa nthawi usiku. Usiku magetsi kukopa tizilombo, kodi kudya carp.

Ndi menyu moyenera ndi woyenera chisamaliro carp mwachangu, masekeli magalamu 30 pa nyengo kupeza kulemera katatu. Ndipo ndi October, izo akulemera mpaka kilogalamu a.

woyera carp

Ndi bwino yosayenera siliva carp moyo m'madera kum'mwera. Usiku nsomba amadya kuchuluka kwa chakudya wofanana theka la misa. Chifukwa kudya chimenechi kunali kofunika, carp amatha kulemera makilogalamu makumi awiri.

Ndi ndithu n'zogwirizana ndi nsomba zina zamiyendo Inayi, monga zakudya chake kupikisana ndi menyu awo.

carp chakudya motere:

M'badwo wa nsomba	loonetsa
Chibadwire masiku 9	Nauplii, yaing'ono zomera
Kuyambira masiku 9 mwezi wathunthu	timayandama
The wamkulu	Rotifers, yaing'ono nsomba zazinkhanira, detritus

Melioratorskie luso carp n'kofunika kuti amatunga eutroph. Unamwali carp White zimadalira nyengo: m'madera kum'mwera, iwo ali wokonzeka kawetedwe pa zaka 5, ndi kumpoto 8.

Silver carp motley

Wosiyana woyera anzake wamfupi thupi lake ndi mutu waukulu ndi bwino anayamba makutu fyuluta zida.

Ngati White, bighead carp patsiku wanyeketsa theka la kulemera yake. Woyamba milungu iwiri mwachangu kudyetsa pa zomera ang'ono, kenako akutembenukira kwa algae zikuluzikulu. Wamkulu bighead carp amakonda buluu wobiriwira timayandama.

Mtundu uwu wa carp amalima mofulumira kuposa aliyense, nsomba wamkulu amatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu 40. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa anthu a bighead carp kupikisana. pamsinkhu wobereka nsomba izi sikuti zimadalira ndi pafupifupi pa zaka zisanu.

nsomba polyculture

Pa nthawi, ambiri minda nsomba kugwiritsa tima luso kulima, wotchedwa nsomba chikhalidwe ofotokoza. Mbali khalidwe la nsomba ndi ntchito ambiri a polycultures nsomba. The mawerengedwe a osalimba a chodzala zakuthupi zosiyanasiyana nsomba zamiyendo Inayi Pankhaniyi zimadalira:

• Natural zokolola za nsomba.
• Amenewa dziwe.
• Zakudya kudya.
• M'badwo wa nsomba.
• Kukula kwa nsomba.

makhalidwe abwino kwa zipatso kuswana mitundu zamiyendo Inayi nsomba malonda, komanso yaing'ono nsomba ndi Kutentha mofulumira posungira. Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi padziwe ndi mfundo mulingo woyenera - owonjezera 20 ° Celsius - nsomba kudzinenepetsa. Popeza masoka kutentha boma miyezi itatu m'chilimwe - nthawi yabwino kuswana nsomba.

Ikani kukula mwachangu

Mphutsi za carp mwachangu ndi nsomba zina zamiyendo Inayi onse awo "ubwana" ikuchitika recirculating madzi (Ras) nsomba - kuswa makina zimathandiza kuti kukula kwa nyama (VNIIPRKh). kachulukidwe chiwerengero cha juveniles ku Ras nsomba ndi mwachindunji njila kwa misa zawo, ndipo pafupifupi mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu zikwi mphutsi pa mita kiyubiki. Ndiye mwachangu raisings atabwerera ku mwapadera muli - mabeseni kapena trays.

Features kudya carp ndi nsomba zamiyendo Inayi

Kodi kudyetsa nsomba? Izi ndi funso waukulu wachikondi mwini amene ali ndi chidwi ndi kukula kwa nyama. N'chifukwa chake m'pofunika kuthera nthawi kuphunzira zinthu zapadera osiyanasiyana kudya nsomba zamiyendo Inayi, ubwenzi wawo chakudya, ndipo nthawi kusamutsa mwachangu zakudya zapadera.

Kuyambira mphamvu mphutsi ndi fingerlings nsomba zamiyendo Inayi ndi chakudya RK0SZM kapena kuti mnzake ake - "Ekvizo". The zikuchokera chakudya nyama zikuphatikizapo:

• mankhwala Mikrobiosinteza ndi mkulu mapuloteni ndende.
• Nsomba chakudya otsika mafuta.
• Masamba mafuta.
• A chisakanizo cha multivitamins.
• Ufa wa tirigu.
• ndi sodium caseinate.

Pambuyo wt wamng'ono ukufika 100mg, iwo umasamutsidwa ku kudya forage STRAS - 1. Chiwerengero zikuchokera STRAS -1:

• Mapuloteni - 55%.
• Mafuta - 7%.
• Chakudya - 16%.
• Madzi -10%.

Pakuti digestibility bwino pafupifupi 50% mankhwala mapuloteni a pawiri chakudya destructured. Kugwiritsa chakudya sitata kwa mwachangu nsomba zamiyendo Inayi amaloledwa pambuyo kusintha kwa kudya kunja. Pafupipafupi kudyetsa mu Zoutamira - kuchokera Mphindi 20 ola limodzi. Kutumikira Kukula ndi wogawana kufalitsidwa ku m'bulu dera mwachangu lapansi. Kudyetsa mphutsi bwino kokha masana.

Feedstuff RC-SMZ "Ekvizo" ndi STRAS-1 anaikira kudyetsa mwachangu mu palibe chakudya achilengedwe. Atengere ku fingerling malo achilengedwe, m'pofunika kuwonjezera mitundu yaing'ono timayandama mu hatcheries nsomba. Pamaso pa ngakhale wochepa timayandama moyo mu zakudya mwachangu wamng'ono zipangitsa kukula mofulumira ndi kusintha kwa zizindikiro zawo kwambiri.

Zakudya carp mphutsi, mpaka magalamu makumi asanu chakudya imakhala wapadera AK-1KE. Pamafunikanso:

• Nyama ndi fupa chakudya.
• Yisiti.
• Soya.
• Masamba mafuta.
• A chisakanizo cha multivitamins.
• Dicalcium mankwala.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa yolemera carp mwachangu mu magalamu makumi asanu kapena kuposa, ndi kunditumiza ku chakudya AK - 2KE. Ndipo pa nthawi kulemera kwa magalamu mazana awiri - kudyetsa WGM - 2KE. The zikuchokera chakudya kwa carp mwachangu monga zosakaniza wouma chiyambi achilengedwe.

Mlingo tsiku ndi tsiku mwachangu carp, masekeli mpaka magalamu makumi awiri wogawana anagawira ndi chikalata ola lililonse pa maola masana a tsiku. Pamene kuimba carp mwachangu kulemera kwa magalamu makumi awiri kapena kuposa, chiwerengero cha feedings patsiku yafupika nthawi zisanu ndi zinayi kapena khumi.

Young carp Kunenepa (g)	Madzi Kutentha digiri (° C)	єS
Mpaka 3	25	30
3 5	15	20
5 mpaka 10	11	17
10 mpaka 20	8	14

M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kutentha madzi likhalebe 6 ° C ndi pamwamba, kupitiriza kudyetsa nsomba, kugawira mlingo tsiku ndi tsiku Mlingo atatu. Zima kudya ikuchitika masana okha ndi ndalama zokwanira kusunga njira kagayidwe kachakudya. kotero:

• Ngati kutentha madzi ndi 6-8 ° C - mlingo wa chakudya patsiku ndi 0.5% ya kulemera kwa nsomba.
• Ngati 9-10 ° C - mlingo wa 1%.
• Ngati 10-12 ° C - mlingo wa ku 2%.

Ndi bwino kudyetsa zamiyendo Inayi nsomba chakudya zomera chikuyandikira yozizira ndi okhutira wotsikirapo mapuloteni.

Kudzala carp fingerlings, masekeli magalamu zosakwana makumi awiri, ikuchitika ndi osalimba:

• Pakuti kusambira maiwe mayunitsi 650 pa mita kiyubiki.
• The osayenera - mpaka mayunitsi 500 pa mita kiyubiki.

Pakuti lalikulu mtundu nsomba achinyamata kuchuluka si upambana anthu 250 pa mita kiyubiki.

Nsomba dongosolo ntchito zaulimi

nsomba kuswana - ndi malonda lingaliro si chatsopano, koma kufunika kwake ndi kukula lero. Baibulo la zili chidwi chawo kapena dziwe - ndi bizinezi. Koma pa siteji koyamba pamafunika ndalama olimba ndi bungwe woyenera kwa ndondomekoyi.

Kuyamba ndi kupeza malo oyenera unsembe wa maiwe ndi osayenera. A chofunika wa bwino kupanga nsomba kupezeka kwa fyuluta wapadera ndi zida zina zofunika kwa mitundu wa nsomba.

Purchase wa ng'ombe Ziyeneranso mtengo kwambiri ndalama. Chonde dziwani kuti mtengo wa mphutsi ndi apamwamba kuposa raisings anthu. Kuwerengetsa zofunika ndi masoka zinakwana mwachangu mu ndondomeko ya kukula. Pafupifupi kuchuluka ndi 10%. Kukula wamkulu wodzala mwachangu zidzatheke okha awiri - zaka ziwiri ndi theka.

ntchito iliyonse malonda akuyamba ndi dongosolo bizinesi. Lowunikira la msika wa nsomba limachititsa kuti ajambule nkhani carp, monga mankhwala wotchuka kwambiri pa nsomba kauntala.

Ziwerengero oyerekeza kuti gulu la munda nsomba kulima carp:

• Purchase wa carp mwachangu kwa Kudzalanso osayenera - zikwi khumi rubles;
• antchito malipiro munda - rubles zikwi makumi atatu;
• Party nyama chakudya kwa carp mphutsi ndi vitamini osakaniza - zisanu ndi zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu rubles;
• ndalama zina (malipiro a mowa madzi, magetsi, gasi kwa dziwe Kutentha) - makumi awiri mpaka twente-faifi zikwi rubles.

Total pafupifupi ndalama zimene muyenera kukhala kuthamanga nsomba munda - za makumi zikwi ndalama dziko. Choncho, famu nsomba limabweretsa ntchito ndi gulu ndalama kwa zikwi zana. Pakuti kumpoto kwa Russia, kuchuluka izi chinawonjezeka ndi kangapo, ndipo ndi pafupifupi zikwi mazana asanu.

Pankhani phindu, pamaso msonkho komanso zolipira izo ranges ku zana ndi makumi atatu - zana ndi makumi asanu rubles. Komabe, phindu tingayembekezere palibe mwansanga koposa awiri kwa zaka ziwiri ndi theka. Pa nthawiyi, carp mwachangu lidzasinthidwa wamkulu, ndi misa ndi imodzi kuti makilogalamu awiri.

Carp, palibe mtundu wina oyenera gulu la malonda kukula nsomba. Ichi ndi chifukwa wodzichepetsa ake chakudya ndiponso kukonza. A kudya kukula carp mwachangu mwamsanga recoup ndalama ndi kupeza ndalama ndi. Komabe, kunyalanyaza zinthu khalidwe la nsomba ndi chakudya nyama Sikuti. Ogula maganizo kungayambitse kuvutika nsomba wamng'ono, ndipo imfa yake, komanso kusatsatira nyama miyezo thanzi wamkulu carp.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa malonda nsomba

Tikaona zimene zinachitikira bwino kasamalidwe nsomba, tingasiyanitsire pluses izi mokomera kumabungwe a zaulimi:

• Kagulu chiyambi-mmwamba likulu facilitates chilengedwe cha munda nsomba.
• Unpretentiousness wa nsomba zamiyendo Inayi mu yokonza ndi chisamaliro cha mwini kumachepetsa ndalama ntchito antchito.
• Kwafalikira nsomba za banja carp (kale chaka chimodzi carp mphutsi kupeza malonda wamkulu kulemera) amalola recoup ndalama ndi kupanga phindu mofulumira.
• Unpretentiousness carp mu chakudya. Komanso, iwo amadya okha, nsomba zimenezi zomwe zabwino kunenepa ndi kuonjezera ntchito chakudya chilichonse nyama (monga wapadera, nsomba ndi mbalame kapena ng'ombe).
• Kutheka kudyetsa carp zachilengedwe mankhwala - tirigu kapena mbatata (okha comprehensibility bwino ayenera Pre-zo).

Kumene, aliyense mafuta kuuluka mafutawo kumeneko. Kuchita Business pa kulima nsomba zamiyendo Inayi amakhazikitsa "mbuna":

• Seasonality wa malonda mankhwala. Kwenikweni mwachangu kupeza malonda kulemera kugwa ndipo otaya Unyinji wa nsomba owerengera chofunika, motero, akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa mitengo.
• M'nthawi ya chilimwe, mayendedwe ndi kusunga nsomba ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri zovuta ntchito.
• Nsomba kukula ndi mwachindunji amadalira nthawi ya chaka: mu nyengo yofunda, carp kudyetsedwa mwachangu ndipo mofulumira kukula mu ozizira, Chiwerengerochi ndi kuchepetsedwa;
• Osati uliwonse umene angakwanitse kugula kwa yokonza nsomba anagulitsa.
• A item osiyana nkhani ndalama kwa yokonza mfundo ukhondo, mankhwala a nsomba ndi chitetezo awo (tili anthu ambiri afuna kupita pa "ufulu nsomba).

Kuti phindu zina pa famu nsomba, muyenera kuganizira kudalirana chilengedwe cha kuwetedwa polyculture. Pali njira ya nkhanu kuswana mu dera limodzi ndi carp. Bwerani mitundu ina ya nsomba zamiyendo Inayi. Nyanja nkhanu osati aisadza pansi pa dziwe (amatunga, osayenera), komanso iwo kupikisana mankhwala. Komanso, khansa safuna kudyetsa. Iwo kudya zotsalira za chakudya nsomba ndi kudya timayandama. Pa molting nkhanu ali ofooka, ena a iwo amafa, kukhala chakudya cha nsomba.

Mwina kuswana carp mphutsi zogulitsa. Zili mwachangu ngati muyenera malo osiyana. Komabe, ndalama kowonjezera sangathe mwakamodzi: wamwamuna carp akhwime kugonana m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, ndi kokha chachisanu woodcocks wamkazi.

Zinachitikira Israel

Pakati pa mchenga wa kumwela chipululu mu Isiraeli kunali munda nsomba. Mtunda ku nkhokwe yapafupi za makilomita mazana atatu, ndi machulukidwe a nsomba nakulitsa pa mita kiyubiki wa madzi za makilogalamu zana.

Kuti alenge ndi madzi ofunika munda za kilometre akuya kumene madzi umaperekedwa, amene mipweya limafanana ndi nyanja kapena nyanja. Zimenezi zinathandiza eni kuyamba ndi bwinobwino kubereka yaing'ono nsomba.

Kumene, moyo thandizo chipululu nsomba minda m'manja mwa ogwira ntchito ndi zasayansi wapadera. Iwo kuyan'ana zikuchokera madzi, mafani kuyeretsa, ndi madzi otchezedwa ndi ladzala ndi oxygen. Komanso, moyo nsomba komanso amadalira magetsi mosadodometsedwa.

Creation umenewu munda nsomba - si yojambula mu chitukuko m'dera la chipululu. Chotero ogwira nsomba amalenga ntchito ndi njira ina nsomba m'nyanja.