Mexico mchere, zimachititsa chilumbachi. Chifukwa Mexico ali wolemera mu mchere?

Mexico tithe chimodzi mu dziko m'dera pa madera ake ali mapiri atali, ndi matendawa, kwambiri ndipo zigwa. Koma titha osati kuti. dziko zodabwitsa wotchedwa kunayambira chitukuko, pa nthawi imene Europe anali akadali kutali zinthu zambiri sayansi, Maya anagwiritsa ntchito nzeru zawo za zakuthambo ndi masamu alchemy ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi. Kufikira tsopano, zinsinsi zambiri za fuko limeneli zodabwitsa ndi wanzeru anakhalabe sanathetsedwe.

Amwenye ankadziwa za kuya wachuma wa boma, ndiye sanali kutchedwa "Mexico", mchere ndi ncho lotseguka dzenje, ndondomeko iwo ndi ntchito m'banja lanu. The agonjetsi-conquistadors anadabwa am'deralo angati chopangidwa ndi siliva ndi miyala ya mtengo, komanso chitsulo.

Mexico chuma Zothandiza ali yosiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pali mapiri (Monga tsopano ntchito ndi zinatha). Pa nthawi ya kutsanulidwa kwa chiphalaphala imagwera osati padziko komanso mkati lapansi, pamene pali njira zosiyanasiyana ndi kupanga miyala intrusive.

Geological mbali

Chifukwa Mexico ali wolemera mu mchere, sangathe tikambirane mwachidule, T. Kwa. Pa gawo la dziko lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyumba osiyana Geological zimene zimakhudza mapangidwe miyala.

m'gawo Mexico lili mayunitsi lalikulu Geological monga:

1. Apangidwe kum'mawa zone kumadzulo - Sierra Madre.
2. Paleozoic apangidwe kum'mwera kwa Sierra Madre.
3. Letsani chilumba cha Baja California.
4. Sonoran unit.
5. Mexico kuchimwa.
6. Mbaula Yucatán.

mabacteria apangidwe a kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Sierra Madre

Awa ndi akuluakulu structural zinthu za Mexico. Kum'mawa apangidwe zone Sierra Madre ndi pa ufulu kumpoto cha pakati pa 19 ° 20 °. Pakati makutu nyumba Transmeksikanskogo lamba chiphala, kumene kuli mapiri zachangu. Zinapangidwa wa Neogene-Quaternary volcanics. M'dera lino mukhoza kusankha Mesozoic ndi oyambirira Cenozoic yopindika, amene kugona pa schists Precambrian ndi gneisses. Nonmetamorphosed Paleozoic nyanja madipoziti ndi carbonate miyala ya m'munsi ndi pakati Paleozoic. The Triassic ndi sandstone Jurassic osiyanasiyana, evaporites, mudstone, dongo ndi laimu Mesozoic mawonekedwe maofesi.

Western apangidwe Sierra Madre m'dera umachokera ku malire a kumpoto kwa Mexico kuti lamba chiphala. Apangidwe, kungomanga izi makamaka chiphala Chakumapeto Cretaceous, Cenozoic miyala anapeka basalts ndi andesites. Miyala ya mkuwa, siliva ndi kutsogolera-nthaka ores akhoza anapima kunja ndi miyala chiphala cha nyengo Cretaceous.

Paleozoic apangidwe kum'mwera kwa Sierra Madre

Mlatho apangidwe uli mkati Transmeksikanskogo Foldbelt ndi alumali Pacific m'deralo. Apa kuima Early Paleozoic intrusive ndi metamorphic miyala, komanso Oyambirira Jurassic chokhala ndi nyanja strata, Jurassic m'madzi m'dambo.

Letsani chilumba cha Baja California

Mu chipika kumadzulo ndi miyala ya zaka Mesozoic, ndipo ambiri a wotanganidwa batholiths granitoid. Pamwamba deta wosanjikiza dongosolo clastic chimafikira mapiri m'madzi m'dambo. Rift Gulf of California anapanga zovuta nyumba khola-kupisa.

Sonoran wagawo

chipika lili pakati pa Gulf of California ndi mbali ya kumadzulo ya Sierra Madre. Iwo wapangidwa ndi granitoids ndi miyala metamorphic chiyambi Precambrian, komanso carbonate miyala ya Ordovician-Carboniferous.

Sonoran wagawo yodziwika ndi chakuti iwo anapeza m'matangadza Cretaceous lubwe, subvolcanic thanthwe pamene pali miyala ya mkuwa porphyry ores.

kuchimwa Mexico

Mexico foredeep patsogolo pa lamba apangidwe ya Cordillera. M'madera ambiri anapeza miyala clastic wa Paleogene ndi Neogene. Lathyathyathya Kapangidwe ka limestones m'madzi a Cretaceous hydrocarbon anasonkhanitsa mchere.

mbaula Yucatán

Kwathunthu apangidwe carbonates Neogene ndi Paleogene. Cretaceous Rift m'dambo mu oilfields kumadzulo slab kumangidwanso.

mpumulo

Ku nyumba Geological zimadalira mtunda ndi mchere zothandiza Mexico. Mpumulo wa dziko m'malo zovuta: muli mapiri, zitunda zathyathyathya ndipo zigwa. Ambiri a dziko aphimbidwa ndi mapiri ndi yachonde mkati. Nawonso yachonde lagawidwa pawiri: Mesa Mesa Central ndi North. Dzina "Mesa" lachokera ku Spanish 'tebulo.

Chapakati Mesa ku mbali atazunguliridwa ndi m'mapiri. Ndi pafupifupi zophimbidwa ndi mankhwala chiphalaphala imeneyi momveka mosabisa ndi mabeseni ambiri nyanja wakale. Chapakati Mesa kufika msinkhu wa mamita 2,600 kum'mwera.

Sierra Madre Occidental - wamphamvu unyolo wa mapiri, olimbika kwambiri maphompho mtsinje. Sierra limatuluka zikuchepa pamene kusamukira ku Gulf of California, koma kwa mkati yachonde ro zosiyanasiyana pang'onopang'ono. Kusiyana kumeneku lakuthwa mu okwera pa mtunda akhoza anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti apa pali zolakwitsa zambiri ndi moyang'ana padziko crystalline chapansi. Phiri nsonga ankawachotsera m'dambo.

California Peninsula - ndi lopapatiza lamapiri m'dera la dziko. Aataliatali kufika mamita 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kum'mawa Sierra Madre -. Anatipatsa la mapiri ndi okwera kuyambira 1,000 mpaka 3000 mamita Sierra ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa miyala nyanja. Ndi otsika ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja pamene kusamukira kummawa (ku Gulf of Mexico), phiri steeply.

Pa kumalire a kum'mwera ku Central Mesa kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo ndi yopingasa Ziphala Sierra - yaikulu komanso apamwamba phiri dongosolo la Dziko lapansi. Komanso Nyumba ya mapiri yaikulu - Orizaba. phirilo kawirikawiri limatuluka mamita 3,000 kuchokera m'munsi, ndi msinkhu wa mamita 5700 pamwamba pa nyanja, pang'ono pamwamba pa Elbrus kuphulika.

Komanso, pamene kusuntha kum'mwera, yopingasa Ziphala Sierra akuswa mabeseni zozama za chiyambi tectonic. Kuwoloka mtsinje akutambasula Valsas Sierra Madre del Sur. Ilo liri kufanana kwa Pacific Ocean. Mosiyana ranges zina mapiri, palibe mapiri yogwira, izo wapangidwa makamaka a miyala nyanja.

Teuantepeksky Korinto ndi wotsika, kutalika kwake kokha m'madera ena mpaka 650 m. Chimayambitsa akutambasula mapiri a Chiapas. Lamavutoli mapiri akuchita lonse kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Mexico. Chiapas lagawidwa mbali ziwiri: yachonde eponymous ndi lokwera la Sierra Madre.

The lalikulu la lowland m'dera la Mexico - Tabasco, ndi pafupi ndi Gulf of Mexico ndipo ali ndi m'dambo m'madzi.

Poganizira onse a dongosolo, zimachititsa chilumbachi, n'zotheka kuyankha funso la chifukwa Mexico ali wolemera mu mchere. Makamaka zimadalira njira zikuchitika m'gawo la boma zikwi wamakono wa zaka zapitazo: mbale kayendedwe, mapiri akaphulika, kayendedwe glacial, etc ...

Olemera Mekika. mchere

Tikhoza kunena kuti dziko lili ndi pafupifupi onse mchere. Chifukwa Mexico ali wolemera mu mchere? Ichi ndi chifukwa zosiyanasiyana mtunda. Pali pali nkhokwe kwambiri zinthu monga chitsulo, Mercury, golide, siliva, miyala antimony, mkuwa, nthaka, kutsogolera bismuth ndi ena. Ndiponso, mafuta ndi gasi. Wotsatira anafotokoza yofunika chuma zachilengedwe la Mexico mwachidule.

Mafuta ndi gasi

Pa dera la Boma zakhala kufufuza za 350 minda mafuta ndi 200 - gasi. Ambiri nkhokwe ali anaikira mu Gulf - Mexico mafuta ndi gasi beseni.

Madipoziti mu ndithu zambiri, koma onse ali ochepa ochepa ndi nkhokwe ya mafuta matani oposa 100 miliyoni mpweya - .. kiyubiki mamita oposa 100 biliyoni. Pa m'matangadza wa nkhaniyi wapatali yaiwisi Mexico pozindikira mu Latin America, kokha Venezuela.

Mu Mexico mafuta ndi gasi beseni tingaone zinthu zisanu:

• North-East Region. Ili mu beseni wa Rio Bravo del Norte.
• Tampico Tuxpan. Poyamba, malowa anali nkhokwe olemera. Makamaka malo olemekezeka Poza Rica ndi miyala Upper m'madzi.
• Verakus.
• South. Ili pafupi ndi gombe la Tabasco, Campeche. Amene amatenga malo oyamba mu nkhokwe mafuta.
• Yucatán.

coking malasha

Main malo a m'zigawo - Sabinas beseni. Pafupifupi madipoziti akuluakulu onse amakhala malo m'dambo wa nthawi Cretaceous.

sulfure

madipoziti sulfure mwankhanza anaponyedwa ku chigawo cha Gulf of Mexico. Sulfure unakhazikitsidwa chifukwa mpweya chiphala gasi, pafupi Teuantepekskim Korinto. M'midzi ya malasha Mexico ndi chimodzi mwa malo oyamba mu dziko.

Golide, siliva, polymetallic ores

Chotero mchere wofunika ku Mexico, monga golide, siliva ndi ores, nthawi zonse pamodzi. Lamba skarn zitsulo umachokera ku kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Imayamba ndi madipoziti yaikulu ya mkuwa, siliva (Cananea chigawo). Kenako panabwera "mfundo" wa miyala ya golide, siliva ndi ores polymetallic. Awa madipoziti monga El Potosi, Zacatecas.

Mercury

madipoziti zitsulo apezeka m'madera cha kuphulika kwa mapiri posachedwapa. Madipoziti: El oro, Taxco, Maminolo del Monte, Uintsuko.

ironstone

mtundu wa mchere kawirikawiri anapezeka ndi antimony ndi titaniyamu ores. Magawo wolemera mu mchere intrusive, osati kwambiri, koma iwo mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chuma. Madipoziti: Manzanillo, Durango.

graphite

Tingafinye makamaka m'chigawo cha Sonora. Inakhalapo chifukwa mmene intrusions granitoid mu seams wa malasha.

fluorite

11% m'matangadza onse a mchere izi anaikira mu Mexico. Madipoziti: Sakualpan, La Barra, Guadalajara, Pyle, Aguachile, San Marcos, ndi ena.

Waukulu zothandiza mchere mu Mexico - ndi osati tatchulawa mitundu, komanso monga gypsum, thanthwe mchere, opal, strontium.

Chifukwa Mexico ali wolemera mu mchere? The yochepa yankho ndi: chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa nyumba zosiyanasiyana Geological mu dziko, mawonetseredwe cha kuphulika kwa mapiri kwambiri. Choncho, angapezeke mosiyanasiyana pafupifupi mchere. Ena mwa mchere ndi miyala mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chuma. Mwachitsanzo, siliva, sulfure, fluorite ndi mafuta.

Mbali yaikulu ya dziko monga Mexico, mbali mtunda, mchere, mbiri wolemera - zonse izi zimawapangitsa dziko wapadera ndi unrepeatable.