Soviet Magalimoto: makhalidwe chitsanzo. Colchis, Ural, ZIL

Mu Soviet Union analenga ambiri onse katundu ndi wodutsa magalimoto. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za magalimoto wotchuka USSR.

Galimoto KAZ-606 "Colchis"

Kale, dziko lathu mu zitakuvutani a galimoto amatha kunyamula katundu lalikulu. Mwachidule, magalimoto a. Soviet zitsanzo galimoto ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi. N'chifukwa chake chomera Kutaisi anayamba kupanga galimoto, amene anadzatchedwa "Colchis". Mbiri ya magalimoto USSR akuyamba ndi zinachitika zokambidwa ku Unduna wa zoyendera amene anayamba mu 1958. Ndipo mu 1959, magalimoto a Kutaisi galimoto Bzalani amaonetsa pa chionetsero cha zipambano Economic.

Total mbewu anapereka mitundu galimoto awiri, mmodzi amene anali mkanda ndipo anali chidule KAZ-605, ndi zina anapangidwa malinga ndi mfundo ya unit thalakitala ndi KAZ otchedwa 606. Pambuyo kudziŵa bwino mankhwala a Chijojiya Utumiki wa galimoto makampani galimoto ovomerezedwa kupanga siriyo ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha. Patsogolo anapatsidwa polojekiti KAZ-606. magalimoto Soviet, galimoto mathirakitala kudzadza.

galimoto ulemu

Car KAZ "Colchis" anali malo wopambana wa galimoto zashuga glazing chimene chimapangitsa kuchepetsa ndi chilango ayendetsa magalimoto yabwino. Mosiyana ndi magalimoto kale kupangidwa ndi cockpit amene anali pang'ono matabwa, kapu "Kolkhida" anapangidwa ndi zitsulo kanyumba. Mu cockpit, koma dalaivala, panali m'modzi yekha mpando galimotolo koma kuchepetsa ndi kukhalapo ochepa mphamvu bedi. zochita pa nthawi anali woukira boma makampani zoweta magalimoto.

Galimoto analibe nyumba mwachizolowezi, umene panthawi imeneyo unali ndi zachilendo. Unit mphamvu anali pansi akusamba, ndipo wokongola kwambiri mu dzinja ndi chirimwe kukhumudwa. Maonekedwe a galimoto anali ano ndi wotsogola, chifukwa okonza kunapangitsa malo nyali ya pansi zashuga ndi.

Kuipa galimoto KAZ-606

The drawback lofunika kwambiri la galimoto "Colchis" anali pafupipafupi kuwonongeka ndi mowa wa mafuta. makilomita zana galimoto inali kuthera malita 50 a mafuta. Chifukwa ili pansi pa zashuga wa unit mphamvu m'chilimwe kwa nthawi yaitali zinali zovuta kulamulira galimoto. Osati chifukwa mkulu kutentha mkati, komanso chifukwa kudzikundikira mpweya utsi.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale ubwino onse a galimoto "Colchis" sanakhale otchuka ndi madalaivala. Ndipo iwo adza kwa zitsanzo zina.

Galimoto "Ural"

Kunyada kwa makampani zoweta magalimoto analenga chichitikireni nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Ntchito galimoto - kuchotsa matabwa m'dera la kupanga. Popeza remoteness malo kwa magalimoto "Ural" (matabwa) asankha amafuna kuyeza kwa mtunda ndi ntchito mu mavuto ambiri. Zikomo cha khama la akatswiri Soviet ndipo okonza utakwaniritsa onse anaperekedwa kwambiri pochita galimoto-nyumba.

Ubwino wa thabwa "Ural"

Matabwa ndi phenomenal zoweta kupanga matulukidwe ndi mkulu kupanga khalidwe.

Mu makina amenewo dziko nthawi zonse zofunika makamaka pachimake, amapatsidwa chuma chuma nkhalango. Magalimoto Soviet zonse zakhala zili mu kufunika lalikulu domestically ndi kunja.

Kandalama mbali ya thabwa "Ural" ndi osiyana gudumu chilinganizo - kuchokera 4x4 kuti 8x8. Chifukwa chilinganizo ichi ndi lodziwika bwino akwaniritsa patency. Opaleshoni kutentha osiyanasiyana ndi -40 ... + 40 ° ^C. kusintha Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti makina a mtundu uwu mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana nyengo.

Zolemba malire kutalika kwa katundu ndi pafupifupi 25 mamita. A ngolo attachable kuti matabwa ali pivoting limagwirira, amene kumawonjezera maneuverability afotokoze. "Ural" - matabwa, amene okonzeka ndi powertrains wamphamvu zoposa 200 ndiyamphamvu.

Modern matabwa magalimoto "Ural" zili ndi wapadera hayidiroliki Komatsu-manipulator, amene amalola inu zotumiza matabwa popanda kuchita ndi Crane. Kapangidwe ka Nyamulani ndi ulamuliro dongosolo - losavuta ndi odalirika. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuti kuchepetsa nthawi nkhalango kupanga.

injini mogwirizana ndi miyezo European, kutanthauza kuti galimotoyo pafupifupi osati amaipitsa malo.

Kuipa thabwa "Ural"

Mwina downside okha matabwa "Ural" monga mkulu mafuta. Ngakhale, anapatsidwa zikhalidwe za ntchito makina amenewa, tikhoza kunena kuti zodabwitsazi n'chofunikira kwambiri.

Pomaliza

Yopangidwa ndi maganizo galimoto zoyendera chuma nkhalango, yomwe inkafuna zaka pogwira ntchito ya kalavulagaga, akuyimabe mu utumiki wa munthu. Matabwa kupitiriza kuchita utumiki umenewu m'dziko la Russia ndi mayiko ena. Masuku pamutu Pamakhala mavuto nyengo, amakhalabe othandizira odalirika anthu.

Okhwima magalimoto dambo

Kukonza magalimoto BelAZ, Chibelarusi Autoworks umalimbana kuonetsetsa ogwira kuchotsa mchere ku malo kupanga. Kukhala ndi maganizo amenewa galimoto lalikulu, akatswiri ndi okonza kuti aphunzire kwambiri ntchito imeneyi. Dziko lathu amadziwika yambiri m'zigawo Zachilengedwe. Kupereka khalidwe ndi kothandiza ophimba pa katundu akanakhoza kokha lalikulu ndi odalirika makina. Utumiki wa makampani magalimoto wa USSR anaganiza kukhazikitsa maofesi kupanga pa chitukuko ndi chilengedwe cha magalimoto lalikulu ntchito quarries a dziko. Choncho panali Chibelarusi galimoto Bzalani, amene anayamba kulenga BelAZ magalimoto.

Yomwe inayamba mu 1948, ulimi wa magalimoto ndi zina zonyasa wabweza kuyamikira lonse. Zonse kukhala ndi kuyambitsa umisiri watsopano makampani magalimoto, fakitare wakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri a magalimoto lolemera.

Mwana woyamba wa Chibelarusi galimoto Bzalani anamukwiyira anachokera ku conveyor mu 1961. BelAZ-540. Izi chilombo 27 matani anali kunyada kwa anthu Soviet. Popeza yonama ndi mwana woyamba wa autoconcern BelAZ anachita ambiri mayesero kutero.

Wake wovomerezeka ntchito "ntchito" tsopano BelAZ-540A inayamba mu 1965. Kumene, wakale uyu magalimoto Soviet, ndipo iwo ali kutali ndi magalimoto amakono migodi, zatsopano zimene ali BelAZ-75710. Pofuna Mwachangu Chibelarusi Concern walenga mwina kwambiri katundu-zochotsa migodi galimoto mu dziko. Kulemera kwa kusamutsidwa katundu wa matani 450!

Okonza wa BelAZ-75710 kale kukonzekera ofunsira lonena chozizwitsa cha luso mu Guinness Book of Records. Ndipotu bwino chitsanzo ichi chinali Uwerenge kupambana onse ogulitsa magalimoto mderali. antchito Factory tinathera zaka 65 kukhala ndi kuwongolera mankhwala ake.

Lachitsanzo latsopano isiyana ntchito m'mbuyomu a mawilowo eyiti mmalo mwa zisanu ndi chimodzi. njira kuloledwa kuchita pa bolodi payload lalikulu. Kutembenuza utali wozungulira chimphona ndi 20 mamita, amene kuganizira miyeso yake, pang'ono kwambiri. Tinayesetsa ndi akatswiri ndi galimoto maneuverability. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ziwiri nkhwangwa makina, anatha kusintha maneuverability wonse wa galimoto.

ntchito yaikulu zachitika ndi makina magetsi. Mtundu wa mphamvu wagawo ntchito mu dambo galimoto - dizilo wophatikizidwa. Mphamvu umaperekedwa ndi chomera mphamvu 4600 L / s. machitidwe onse BelAZ-75710 anali pansi wamakono mokwanira, zomwe pamapeto pake patsogolo manageability ndi kugwira galimoto. Komanso, potsegula ndi katundu wa katundu, kwambiri, akhala yabwino ndi yosavuta, bwino kukwera galimoto ndipo mtanda dziko galimoto. Kunyada kwa zomangamanga Chibelarusi, BelAZ-75710, chasanduka kukhala kwambiri bwino moyenera ndi odalirika galimoto.

chidule

Ngakhale kukula chidwi ndi kulemera yaikulu, zinthu zonse za galimoto pamaso pathu likukwaniritsa chitetezo apamwamba ndiponso kudalirika. Ndithudi, mndandanda wa "Magalimoto USSR" sizikanakhala kwathunthu popanda BelAZ magalimoto ndi zina zonyasa. Koma taphunzira sikuthetsa pa makina. Inu.

Galimoto ZIL-131

Mu 1966, mbewu galimoto Likhachev (ZIL) anayamba kupanga za kusinthidwa chitsanzo ZIL 130. Galimoto inali galimoto mtunda ndi bwino poyerekeza ndi ake makhalidwe precursors. Bzalani okonza anaganiza kusiya bonnet chiwembu, kusintha yekha mbali zina za kanyumba.

Pluses galimoto Zil-131

Zikomo kuti ndimeyi kwambiri pa iliyonse mtunda ZIL-131 kunali wothandizira wabwino m'madera osiyanasiyana a mitundu ya zochita za anthu.

Mayunitsi ndi limagwirira chitsanzo zikuonekeratu kuti odalirika zitsanzo zakale, modernized ndipo komabe molondola kutumikira kwambiri.

Galimoto kunapezeka kuti N'zosadabwitsa ndinapirira ndi olimbikira. Opaleshoni kutentha osiyanasiyana ndi zoposa chidwi. Zil-131 ungatithandizire pa kutentha kwa -40 kuti +50 madigiri Celsius.

makina ntchito m'madera mayunitsi asilikali ndi kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pa maziko ake zinalengedwa zosintha magalimoto mayendedwe a ogwira ya zachitetezo, m'makhitchini kumunda ndiponso zipatala yam'manja.

Pamaziko a ZIL-131 anaiika zosiyanasiyana zida ndi mawailesi. Galimoto inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri makampani ndege pochitira kudzaza ndege, Helicopters ndi njira zina kuonetsetsa ndege ndege.

makina anamugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimene miyala, zomangamanga ndi chipale chofewa kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Kuipa ZIL-131

Tikayang'ana ndemanga, kwambiri kudya makina. Koma mafuta a malita 40 pa 100 makilomita kuipa ali m'malo ochiritsira.

Pomaliza

Monga magalimoto onse Soviet ZIL-131 analandira yake "khalidwe". Kudalilika galimoto sangathe adakayika. Ngakhale masiku ano, patatha zaka makumi ambiri, ZIL-131 akupitiriza wake palibe ntchito yosavuta.