Zochitika ku Moscow: chikumbutso cha Minin ndi Pozharsky. Kufotokozera

Zina mwa zokopa za Moscow chimodzi mwa zipilala zoyambirira zimaperekedwera, osati zoperekedwa kwa olamulira, koma kwa magulu amphamvu, oteteza dziko la Moscow. Chikumbutsochi chiri pafupi ndi Cathedral ya St. Basil, Wodala (Kachisi wa Intercession wa The Virgin Virgin pa dzenje) pa Red Square. Asananene za chipilala cha Minin ndi Pozharsky, tiyeni tiwone mbiri ya chilengedwe chake.

Zaka zambiri pakukhazikitsidwa kwa chimanga ndi zopereka zambiri

Mbiri ya chikumbutso cha Pozharsky ndi Minin chinayamba nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanayambe. Mwalawu unakhazikitsidwa mu 1818 pa malo osankhidwa ndi ojambula zithunzi Martos Ivan Petrovichem motsutsana ndi zomwe Tsar Alexander Woyamba adanena. Zosungiramo ndalama za kumangidwe kwa chophimbacho zimayikidwa pamaso pamtunda-chithandizo cha chovalacho.

Amuna ndi amayi omwe ali ndi zopereka zambiri amasonyezedwa m'magulu awiri. Azimayi, akuyenda bwino, amapereka zodzikongoletsera ndi zodzikongoletsera. Zowoneka ndi zofunikira zawo zikuwonetseratu kufunikira kwa ntchito yopereka ndalama pa chifukwa chabwino cha ulemerero wa Bamboland. Zovala zakale za amayi ogwada ndizopereka kwa nthawi. Komabe, wosema anawonekera mu Russian kokoshniks. Amuna omwe amawonetsedwa pazitsitsimutso amaperekanso mphatso zopatsa.

Mawu onena za wolemba chikumbutso

Kulengedwa kwa chipilala chopangidwa ndi wosema Martos Ivan Petrovich kunaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso cha dziko pa nthawi ya nkhondo ndi asilikali a Napoleonic. Pambuyo popanga chipilalacho chinatengedwa kupita ku Moscow kuchokera ku St. Petersburg pamphepete mwa mtsinje. M'ziwerengero zopangidwa ndi bronze, wolemba chikumbutso cha Minin ndi Pozharsky adayesa ndalama zapachikhalidwe ndi kukonda dziko. Pa ntchitoyi, I.P. Martos anapatsidwa mphotho ya pachaka ya moyo wawo wonse komanso mutu wa Bungwe la State. Pogwiritsa ntchito kujambulidwa kuyambira 1804 mpaka 1817, Martos anapanga ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri, pokhala ndi malingaliro ake okonda dziko.

Pokhala pa udindo wa academician ndi wojambula zithunzi mu St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, zaka zapitazo Martos anali kupanga kupanga miyala yamanda. Zojambula zake zikuyimiridwa ndi mapulasitiki achikumbukiro mu zojambula zojambula zojambulidwa za miyala ya manda. Chikumbutso cha Minin ndi Pozharsky, kufotokozera ndi polojekiti yomwe imachokera pa chiwembu chomwe chinachokera ku engraving yakale, chinapambana mpikisano wovuta.

Chikumbutso cha mgwirizano wa Russia

Chikumbutso cha Minin ndi Pozharsky, kufotokozera kwake m'mabukhuwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali wakhala ngati khadi lochezera la likulu la Russia. Minin, kukwezera dzanja lake pamalopo, amamulimbikitsa Pozharsky kutsogolera gulu la asilikali. Vevevoda, osati kuyang'ana mabala, akuuka, akudalira chikopa chake. Kukhazikika kwake mophiphiritsira kumawonetsa kuwuka kwa kudzikonda kwa anthu mu nthawi zovuta ndi zovuta ku Russia.

Meaning

Dzanja la Minin likulimbikitsana osati Pozharsky yekha kuti achitepo kanthu. Ili ndilo pempho kwa anthu onse a Chirasha, kuyitana kulimbana.

Maganizo ndi zofuna za anthu zimaonetsa chithunzi cha Minin ndi Pozharsky chomwe chimapangidwa ndi anthu. Mafotokozedwe a umunthu wa Minin, ngakhale kuti ali ndi tsitsi labwino, amasonyeza kuti amafanana ndi Zeus pakufuna kwake. Chitato zakale za anthu otchulidwa ndi zilembo zimakonzedwa ndi miyambo ya Chiroma pambali, zomwe zimawafanana ndi shati la Russia.

Pachiwerengerocho chofooka ndi mabala a Pozharsky akuwonetsa momveka bwino yankho lachangu pazitsogozo za mzawo wothandizira kutsogolera gulu lankhondo lotetezedwa kwambiri. Ndi dzanja limodzi likudalira chikopa chake ndi chithunzi cha Mpulumutsi, Voyevoda akukwera kuchokera ku malo ake ogona. Dzanja lake lachiwiri likugona pa lupanga lotambasulidwa ndi Minin. Manja awo amakhudza ndi kuwoloka pa izo. Chithunzi cha chizindikiro ichi chimagwirizanitsa ziwerengero za asirikali, posonyeza umodzi wawo.

Kodi chiwembu chojambula chimachokera kuti?

Wosema chipilalacho ku Minin ndi Pozharsky chokhala ndi buloni chiwembu chomwe chinachokera ku kalembedwe ka kale. Ntchito ya wolemba wina wosadziwika inaperekedwa kuti asilikali a Russia apambane pa nkhondo ya ku Poland ndi ku Russia ya 1605-1613. M'nthaŵi zovuta izi, mphamvu pa mpando wachifumu wa Russia unadutsa kuchokera ku chitsime china kupita ku china. Zina mwa izi ndizo kuti kalonga wina anapereka thandizo la usilikali kunja kwa dziko la Russia ku Sweden. Dmitry wonyenga, olandira mipando yachifumu analimbana okha. Kumenyana ndi asilikali komanso kupha olamulira enieni kunkalamulidwa ndi boma.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17, mbadwa zonse za Daniele Moskovsky zidamwalira kapena kufa m'nkhondo. Ulamuliro wa Delezhka unayambitsa chisokonezo ndi kuukiridwa kwa mizinda. Pafupifupi mnyamata aliyense amafuna kukhala mfumu. Anthu onyenga, pogwiritsa ntchito dzina la a Tsarevich Dmitry omwe anaphedwa, anasonkhanitsa asilikali ndipo anachita nkhondo pofuna kulanda ufumu ndi Moscow.

Bodza Dmitry I, II, III, gulu lankhondo la Polish ndi Swedish limanena kuti dziko la Russia

Boma, chiwembu, ndi zipolowe zinagonjetsa ku Russia pambuyo pa imfa ya Boris Godunov. Akalonga enieni anamenyana pakati pawo. Anthu onyenga, atabisala dzina la kalonga, analembera asilikali apolisi a ku Poland, omwe adagonjetsa mfumu yawo. Iwo analibe njira yopita kunyumba, ku Poland.

Mfumu ya Poland, pokhala ndi malingaliro a mpando wachifumu wa Russia ndi dziko lapansi, inagwiritsa ntchito mkhalidwe wake movomerezeka. Atagonjetsa Shuisky, yemwe anali atakhala pampando wachifumu, asilikali achi Moscow analola gulu la asilikali a ku Poland kuti alowe mumzindawo. Pansi pa Mitengoyi panali Borisov, Bereya, Mozhaisk. Kusokonezeka kwathunthu ndi chisokonezo chinalamulira m'dzikoli.

Akuluakulu a ku Sweden, atapempha thandizo kwa anthu a ku Russia, ankafuna kuti Livonia (Karelia) ayambe kutero. Pambuyo pake, a ku Sweden adagonjetsa nyanja za White ndi Barents, adagwira Ladoga, Oreshek, Tikhvin.

Mizinda

Panthaŵiyi Kuzma Minin ndi Dmitry Pozharsky anakonza gulu la asilikali ku Nizhny Novgorod. Anali gulu lankhondo, lokhala ndi anticemen ndi olemekezeka.

Kalonga Wanzeru Pozharsky adakwaniritsa mgwirizano ndi a Swedeni ndipo adagonjetsa akuluakulu a dziko la Poland ku Moscow pamodzi ndi anthu angapo owonetsa. Anakhala pamodzi ndi akalonga a mizinda ingapo. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu Pozharsky analola, akuchotsa olemekezeka a asilikali. Zida zankhondo zowonongeka, zatsalira pa nthawi yolimbana ndi moyo wamtendere, zinawononga Pozharsky ndikuika Mikhail Romanov pampando wachifumu .

Kusunthira chipilala kumalo atsopano

Pamaso pa Kachisi wa St. Basil ku Monastery ku Moscow mwambo wopita ku Minin ndi Pozharsky unamangidwa. Kulongosola kwa zochitika zokhudzana ndi kukonzanso kwa chikumbutso kumalo ano kumafuna kubwerera ku zaka za makumi atatu zapitazo. Mlembi wa chophimbacho adasankha kuti chilengedwe chake chikhale malo pakati pa malo ozungulira, kutsogolo kwa Mitsinje Yowalonda Kwambiri. M'mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi maimidwe a minin amachitcha Pozharsky kuti akweze asilikali kuti awononge Kremlin, kumene malo a ku Poland amadzibisa, akulozera ku zipata zotsekedwa ndi Kremlin palokha. Zipata zake zinatseguka pambuyo pa nkhondoyi.

Malinga ndi buku lina, malo opangidwa ndi mafanowa tsopano anasankhidwa ndi boma la Soviet kuti likhale losavuta kugwira nawo zida zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo zoopsa za Soviet Army.

Buku lina limafotokoza chifukwa chosuntha chikumbutsocho mosiyana. Poyambirira, Minin adalankhula kwa Pozharsky ku Kremlin ndi Apolisi ndi anthu awo otsekedwa kumeneko. Pambuyo pomanga mausoleum, zinafika kuti dzanja la Minin likulozera manda a mtsogoleri wa abusa ndi zitseko za Kremlin zomwe kale zitsekedwa. N'zotheka kuti zonsezi zinayambitsa "kusunthika" kwa chikumbutso cha mbiri yakale ku Katolika ku St. Basil.

Atakhazikitsa chipilala ku Minin ndi Pozharsky pambuyo pogonjetsa a French pakati pa Red Square , Moscow ndi dziko lonse mwa munthu wa tsar anazindikira mphamvu ndi chikhumbo cha anthu osagonjetsedwa achi Russia kuti azigwirizanitsa, kulamulira ndikukhala okhulupirika.