"Zenit" roketi. Chilimbikitso 11K77 ( "pachimake")

RN 11K77 «Zenit» - kalasi Zokhwimirapo, anaikira kuwayika mu Earth kanjira mu mode basi wa nthambi zaboma ndi asilikali ndipo panali spacecraft. Pali thuu ndi atatu gawo kusinthidwa. The palafini ntchito ngati mafuta kalasi WG-1 ndi mpweya madzi.

CHITSANZO matanthauzo amandimvera

Pa funso la chida "Zenit" Russian kapena Chiyukireniya, osati ovuta kuyankha. Waukulu structural zinthu tinapangidwa mu Dnepropetrovsk CB "Kumwera" khama la akatswiri Soviet ndi asayansi. Utatha wa yakale Union Design Bureau anabwera pansi ulamuliro wa Ukraine, kusunga ntchito yake mbiri ndipo anapitiriza kukula kwa "Zenit" zino. Kumanga mivi anagwiritsanso pa Dnepropetrovsk kampani "Yuzhmash".

Pakali pano, kapangidwe zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi chopangidwa ndi mabizinezi Russian. Makamaka, boosters zosonyeza "DM" opangidwa RKK "Mphamvu" ndipo madzi injini roketi Rd 171 ndi Rd-171M - NPO "ENERGOMASH". Ambiri, makampani Russian kupereka 70% ya zigawo zikuluzikulu. Tikhoza kunena kuti "pachimake" - Chiyukireniya roketi, ndi stuffing ake - Russian.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

CB "South" Poyamba anayamba awiri gawo roketi "pachimake" ndi index 11K77 mu 1970 malemu - 1980s oyambirira, malinga ndi ntchito ya Utumiki wa chitetezo wa USSR ndi Launch galimoto kuti adzalola inu msanga efficiently lembani gulu la makina ankhondo.

Choncho, pamene kupanga mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa kudalirika chomasuka ntchito ndi liwiro pokonzekera Launch, yemwe pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri standardization ndi zochita zokha. Boosters kalasi katundu ndi tanthauzo, sangakhale m'manja, kotero okonza kuti lolunjika pa angagwiritse RN opeza.

Mosiyana ndi kachitidwe yapangidwa zaka zam'mbuyo, zomangidwa likugwiritsa ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri luso maphunziro ndi kuyamba-mmwamba, anayamba SRI luso ndi ndani, SE bwenzi "CB" Kumwera "mu ntchito zambiri.

Kukhazikitsa ndege

The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kukhazikitsidwa kwa chonyamulira roketi mu April 1985, yomwe inali abnormally monga mobwerezabwereza. Wopambana chiyambi-mmwamba ikuchitika October 1985. Poyamba, zovuta lolunjika pa ntchito linanena bungwe la makina ankhondo ndi machitidwe wapawiri-ntchito, koma pambuyo pake panali kosangalatsa kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina malonda.

Mbali yachiwiri ya ntchito buku lenileni "Zenit-2» 11K77 chinali choti kuthawira siteshoni danga "Mir" ndi adalira pa bolodi. Kutsatira mfundo zonse galimoto Launch zinakhazikitsa spacecraft mu "Zenit" yomanga ndithu redundancy mkati ndipo anatengedwa njira zina zambiri kuwongolera kudalirika adayikapo.

Kamangidwe magawo chachikulu

"Pachimake" - roketi, amene luso makhalidwe ndi magawo kapangidwe zogwirizana ndi mfundo apamwamba padziko lonse. Woyenera mwapadera chakuti pa 90% ya misa okwana njira zofunika kwa mafuta gawo. Choncho, ntchito yomanga magawo onse ndi imodzi yabwino mu astronautics ano.

Pankhani siteji 1 ndi chifukwa cha mlili wa mkulu ntchito RD171M injini, komanso kupanda boosters lateral. Pakalibe accelerators mbali zina zimatithandiza pokonzekera Launch, monga mmodzi kusiyana waukulu pakati pa "Zenit" pa magalimoto Launch. Komanso, siteji mamangidwe zosavuta, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zipangizo pyrotechnic, komanso kumawonjezera kudalirika chonse kuchotsa kufunika kwa limagwirira kulekana mbali accelerators. Komanso osiyanasiyana wolunjika magawo onse a ndege akulola imalankhula za "pachimake" pa mphepo imathamanga zosiyanasiyana komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo, zomwe zimachitika ku yake molondola kuchotsa payload lapansi.

kachitidwe zoyambirira

Pa RN ndi waika zonse zida pa bolodi pakompyuta kwa opareshoni a dongosolo telemetry. Adakwera Telemetry System "Sirius" TMI amapereka kufala pa njira ziwiri zosiyana wailesi NPC wogwila, yomwe ili m'dera la Russia.

masitepe Kupatukana - "ofunda": ntchito Utsogoleri injini kuyamba gawo 2 kuletsa mezhstupennyh makina kugwirizana ndi braking ndi anayi SRM mbali mbali ya gawo loyamba. Pambuyo kuchotsa ake mpata wokwanira akuthamanga boosters gawo 2.

RN anaika pa machitidwe awa kuonetsetsa ntchito zake ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ndege:

• dongosolo ulamuliro;
• kayesedwe dongosolo;
• anati madzimadzi mafuta okwanira dongosolo zigawo zikuluzikulu;
• mafuta dongosolo mowa ulamuliro;
• refueling dongosolo ulamuliro;
• ndege chitetezo;
• mpweya kutentha dongosolo kulamulira ndi kuthamanga ;
• zinthu Kutentha ulamuliro;
• thermostating zinthu dongosolo;
• dongosolo hayidiroliki;
• pozharopreduprezhdeniya dongosolo.

wamakono

"Zenit-2" pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR si kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko. Chiyukireniya kampani "Yuzhmash" anapitiriza kukula "pachimake" ntchito mogwirizana ndi zibwenzi Russian ndi achilendo. chida kachitidwe, kulola kuchita imalankhula kuchokera pansi ( "Zenit-2SL B", "Zenit-3SL B", "Zenit-3SL BF") ndi ku nsanja zikawonongeka ( "Zenit-3SL") yapangidwa. Pafupifupi onse akuyamba mabomba m'dziko ofotokoza ikuchitika pa Baikonur.

Mayiko ntchito "Nyanja Launch" unapangidwa bungwe mu 1995 zoyesa za kampani American Boeing malonda Space (40% mwa likulu), ndi Russian RKK "Mphamvu" (25%), Chiyukireniya Mapulogalamu "Pivdenmash" ndi CB "South" (gawo okwana 15%) ndi Chinorowe shipbuilders Aker Solutions (20%). Cholinga cha Consortium tsopano yabwino ndi yosafuna imalankhula la nyanja "Odyssey" nsanja ili pa dziko. Woonekeratu chida mayesero wadutsa bwinobwino. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1999 yakhala ikuchitika 32 bwino Launch malonda "Zenit-3SL», ndi 4 analephera. Pa mphindi, chifukwa zikuchitika zoipa mu Ukraine, ndi Chiyukireniya mbali pa ntchitoyi inaimitsidwa nawo ake.

gawo loyamba

Kumangidwa kwa gawo loyamba la "Zenit" zikuphatikizapo:

• mezhstupennuyu chimango;
• RD171 (RD171M) injini;
• mchira gawo;
• mafuta ndi oxidizer akasinja.

Mezhstupennaya chimango akuimira kusintha chipinda welded truss. Iye anakwera mbali gulu elektropnevmorazemov kupereka machitidwe aya, Launch galimoto ndi spacecraft ndi kachitidwe koyenera pansi ofotokoza kuyamba ILV.

The akasinja mafuta anayikidwa PGSP zigawo zikuluzikulu zokha, sensors VHC, Surte, mu thanki oxidizer Komanso pa pressurization dongosolo anaika zonenepa. Chigawo mchira aikidwa RD171M zinayi chipinda injini yomwe kudzera kutsinde mafelemu anaika pa chimango m'munsi mapeto.

injini RD171

The amagetsi lakonzedwa kulenga samatha ndi ulamuliro khama kudutsa onse olimba njira RCN. injini Izi anakhazikitsidwa mu magawo oyambirira zosintha zonse "Zenit". Roketi ndipo tsopano okonzeka ndi kusinthidwa patsogolo RD171M. The injini kusintha kapangidwe anali umalimbana patsogolo yokhulupirika ndi ntchito.

Mu RD171 anapeza ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri kupanga luso injini madzi roketi mwakuchita makampani Russian m'munda wa engine. Panopa kusinthidwa RD171M Champhamvu kwambiri LRE mu dziko, adaponya yake poyambira (padziko lapansi) ndi 740.

Mbali yachiwiri

Pomanga gawo lachiwiri la "Zenit" zikuphatikizapo:

• chida gawo;
• boosters Rd 120;
• RD8 chiwongolero engine.
• oxidizer ndi mafuta akasinja;
• mchira gawo.

The chida gawo Mbali yaikulu inali adakwera dongosolo pakompyuta zida akulamulira dongosolo kayesedwe. Mu akasinja mafuta, monga gawo loyamba, masensa imakonzedwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zokha Surte, VHC, PGSP mu thanki oxidizer - zonenepa supercharging dongosolo.

Mchira gawo ndi cylindrical ndi riveted structural envelopu accommodates galimoto chipika wopangidwa mwa mapasa injini zosagwiritsa Rd 120 ndi Quad chiwongolero RD8 engine.

"Pachimake": a roketi ndi specifications ake

Pa ntchito galimoto Launch "pachimake" mitundu yonse ya 82 chiyambi-mmwamba yakhala ikuchitidwa, ambiri a otsiriza bwino kwathunthu (69 kumayamba), 4 - pang'ono zinalephereka, otsala abnormally.

• Chida kutalika: 57-59,6 m.
• Chiwerengero cha magawo 2 kapena 3.
• The awiri pazipita 3,9 m.
• Payload: matani 15 a Nyanja Launch dongosolo, 13.7 mamita - kachitidwe lapansi.
• Kuyambira kulemera: matani 445-462.

Ngakhale chitsanzo cha mgwirizano bwino pa mayiko pulogalamu "pachimake", mzinga wa panopa si opangidwa chifukwa zinthu osalimba Ukraine.