Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika mbiri, maonekedwe, ndi mutu wa woyera

Mwina mmodzi wa mipingo yaikulu Mkhristu ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika. Iwo diverged malangizo onse a Chikhristu ngakhale kutali oyambirira a pakuwonekera kwake. Mawu "Catholic" anachokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "konsekonse" kapena "konsekonse". Kuti mudziwe zambiri za chiyambi cha mpingo, komanso zochititsa tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

magwero

Mbiri ya Mpingo wa Chiroma Katolika akuyamba ndi 1054, pamene chochitika zinachitika, amene anatsalira mu mbiri wotchedwa "Great magawano". Ngakhale Akatolika sindikukana kuti zinthu zonse pamaso kugawanika - ndipo mbiri yawo. Monga kuyambira anapita njira zawo. M'chaka kuti mabishopu, ndi Papa anasinthanitsa makalata oopseza ndipo atamupereka lililonse anathema ena. Pambuyo Chikhristu anagawana anapanga mafunde awiri - Orthodoxy ndi Chikatolika.

Chifukwa cha kugawanika ya mpingo anaima Western (Catholic) malangizo, lomwe linali likulu la Rome, ndi kum'mawa (Orthodox) inkachitika mu Constantinople. Inde, chifukwa zinkaoneka kuti zochitika izi zinali zosiyana pankhani motsimikiza ndi ovomerezeka, komanso mapemphero ndi chilango, yomwe inayamba kale tsiku limenelo. Ndipo chaka chino, kusagwirizana ndi kusamvetsetsa peaked.

Komabe, kwenikweni anali mwakuya kwambiri, ndipo izo sizinali monga kusiyana mbalume ndi malamulo, komanso atasemphana mwachizolowezi pakati olamulira (ngakhale mpingo) ponena za dzikolo mwangobatizidwa kumene. Komanso pa otsutsa amphamvu kwambiri motengera malo wosiyana wa papa ndi kholo la Constantinople, chifukwa cha kugawikana kwa ufumu wa Roma, izo linagawanika pawiri - East ndi West.

Kum'mawa ndi yaitali kukhalabe paokha, kotero wa mabishopu, ngakhale iye anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa mfumu, koma anali kutetezedwa mu nkhope ya boma. West komanso unatha kale m'zaka za m'ma V, Papa analandira ufulu, komanso mwayi kuukira limati wakunja kuti anatuluka kale Western Roma. Only mu zaka za m'ma VIII, Papa anapereka m'dziko limene basi kuvumbitsira wolamulira boma.

Kufala atsopano a Chikatolika

Chibwenzi, Chikatolika - ndi nthambi ochuluka kuposa Chikhristu, chimene anthu ambiri padziko lonse. Kwa chaka cha 2007 padziko lathuli, panali biliyoni 1.147 Akatolika. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri mwa iwo ali mu Europe, kumene m'mayiko ambiri chipembedzo ndi boma kapena kugonjetsa ena (France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Poland, ndi ena.).

Ku America, Akatolika kufalikira ponseponse. Popeza ndife otsatira a chipembedzo angapezeke mu Africa Asian - mu Philippines, Timor East, China, Korea South, Vietnam. M'mayiko Muslim, Akatolika zambiri, koma ambiri a iwo amakhala Lebanon. Iwo ali ofanana pa Afrika (kuchokera 110 miliyoni 175).

Internal kasamalidwe unit wa Mpingo

Tsopano m'pofunika tikambirane zimene loyang'anira unit wa malangizo a Chikhristu. Papa wa Roma Katolika - ndi ulamuliro wapamwamba utsogoleri wolowezana, komanso ulamuliro pa anthu wamba ndi atsogoleri. Osankhidwa mutu wa Roma Katolika mu Msonkhano wapadera ndi College of Makadinolo. Nthawi zambiri akuzisunga mphamvu yake mpaka mapeto a moyo wake, kupatula yovomerezeka kudzimana. Tikumbukenso kuti Catholic kuphunzitsa Papa imatengedwa wolandirayo la Mtumwi Petro (ndipo pondipatsa Yesu analangiza kusamalira mpingo wonse), kotero mphamvu ndi zosankha zake salakwa ndi oona.

Komanso, mu dongosolo la mpingo ali ndi udindo zotsatirazi:

• Bishop, wansembe, dikoni - mlingo wa ansembe.
• Kadinala, bishopu, Kanyaniko, Metropolitan, etc. - madigiri achipembedzo ndiponso maudindo (pali zambiri).

mayunitsi Kupititsa mu Chikatolika zotsatirazi:

• mipingo munthu wotchedwa eparchies, kapena dioceses. Bishop amatsogolera pano.
• Chigawocho Special wa kufunika, wotchedwa Archdiocese. Kutsogoleredwa ndi Bishop awo.
• Mipingo yomwe alibe udindo wa chigawocho (chifukwa chilichonse), wotchedwa utumwi maboma.
• dioceses angapo pamodzi amatchedwa Metropolitan. malo awo ndi chigawocho, bishopu amene ali udindo wa Metropolitan.
• Maparishi - Kodi maziko a mpingo uliwonse. Iwo anapanga mkati malo umodzi (mwachitsanzo, tauni yaing'ono) kapena chifukwa mtundu ambiri, kusiyana chinenero.

miyambo mpingo alipo

Tikumbukenso kuti Roma Katolika ali kusiyana miyambo pa nthawi ya utumiki (komabe pali mgwirizano mu chikhulupiriro ndi makhalidwe). Zotsatirazi miyambo otchuka:

• Latin;
• Lyon;
• Ambrosian;
• Mozarabic, etc.

kusiyana wawo pankhani chilango, mu m'chilankhulo kuwerenga utumiki, etc.

malamulo kumene kumakhala Amonke monga mbali ya mpingo

Chifukwa kutanthauzira waukulu wa malamulo a Tchalitchi ndi mbalume Mulungu Roma Katolika pafupifupi wani handiredi ndi forte malamulo achipembedzo zikuchokera awo. mbiri yawo, iwo ali kutali kalekale. Tikungotchula odziwika wa Order:

• Augustinians. Mbiri yake akuyamba kuzungulira m'ma V ndi kulemba malamulo St. Augustine. Direct mapangidwe a Order zinachitika chakachi chitadutsa.
• Benedictines. Ndi woyamba akhazikitseko kumene kumakhala Amonke dongosolo. Chochitika ichi chinachitika pa chiyambi cha VI atumwi.
• Hospitallers. Knightly kuti, yomwe inayamba ndi 1080 mu Benedicto wa Chimonko Gerard. Achipembedzo Order ya hayala ndi anaonekera yekha mu 1099.
• Dominicans. kuti Mendicant, amene anayambitsa Domi- de A Guzman mu 1215. Cholinga cha chilengedwe chake - nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphunzitso za mpatuko.
• Ajezwiti. Vuto limeneli linakhazikitsidwa mu 1540 ndi Papa Paulo III. Cholinga chake anakhala prosaic: polimbana ndi gulu kukula kwa Chiprotestanti.
• Capuchins. dongosolo ili anakhazikitsidwa mu Italy mu 1529. cholinga chake chachikulu ndicho chimodzimodzi - kulimbana ndi Reformation.
• Carthusians. Agulupa loyamba la Order inamangidwa 1084, koma woterowo mu 1176-m.
• Templars. malamulo asilikali, mwina odziwika ndi waphimbika mu zongoganiza. Patapita nthawi pambuyo chilengedwe anakhala asilikali oposa kumene kumakhala Amonke lapansi. Cholinga choyambirira chinali kuteteza amwendamnjira ndi Akristu ndi Asilamu ku Yerusalemu.
• Teutons. Wina asilikali kumene kumakhala Amonke kuti amene anayambitsa Akhristu German mu 1128.
• The Franciscans. The Order analengedwa mu zaka 1207-1209, koma anali wovomerezeka kokha mu 1223-m.

Kuwonjezera malamulo mu Mpingo wa Katolika ndi otchedwa Uniates - okhulupirira amene anali kulambira wawo, koma anatenga Chikatolika, komanso ulamuliro wa papa. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Chiameniya Akatolika;
• Redemptorists;
• Chibelarusi Greek Catholic Church;
• Romania Greek-Katolika;
• Russian Orthodox Katolika;
• Chiyukireniya Greek Catholic Church.

mpingo oyera

Pansipa tiona kodi oyera wotchuka wa Roma Katolika:

• St. Ioann Bogoslov.
• Saint. Stefan Pervomuchenik.
• St. Karl Borromeo.
• St. Faustina Kowalska.
• St. Jerome.
• St. Grigoriy Veliky.
• St. Bernard.
• St. Augustine.

Mosiyana ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika ku Orthodox

Tsopano, zimene Russian Orthodox ndipo mpingo wa Roma Katolika amasiyana Chrixitu mu Baibulo wamakono:

• Umodzi wa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox - ndi chikhulupiriro ndi masakramenti, ndi Akatolika muno akuwonjezeka kudalirika kwa Papa ndi inviolability mphamvu.
• Pakuti Orthodox Katolika - ndi mpingo wamba uliwonse, yemwe walunjika ndi bishopu. Akatolika, izo chofunika kulankhula ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika.
• The Orthodox Mzimu Woyera atuluka kwa Atate yekha. Akatolika - kuchokera kwa Atate ndi Mwana.
• Mu Orthodoxy kusudzula zotheka. Akatolika ndi zoletsedwa.
• Mu Orthodoxy, palibe chinthu monga purigatorio. chiphunzitso chimenechi analengeza Akatolika.
• Orthodox kuzindikira kupatulika kwa Namwali Mariya, koma adakana ake kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA. Akatolika ndi mbalume kuti Virgin Mary anabereka basi monga Yesu.
• The Orthodox ndi mwambo chinayambira ku Byzantium. Mu Chikatolika, pali ochuluka a iwo.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale ena kusiyana, Roma Katolika chili mlongo m'chikhulupiriro kwa Orthodox. Kusamvana m'mbuyomu nawo Akhristu, kuwapatutsa adani owawa, koma siziyenera masiku ano.