Kodi Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ya Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, pa "Ndalama Zakunja" ndi MICEX?

Kusinthana mitengo amakhala mu mkhalidwe fluctuation, kuti apewe ngozi zachilengedwe ndi zachuma, m'pofunika kumvetsa limagwirira kuneneratu ndi limagwirira kuti limafotokoza mmene mlingo kuwombola aumbike.

Izi makamaka zogwirizana nkhani lero, pamene Russia akuyesera kutuluka kudalira dola, amatsata mfundo palokha. Zinthu zina mavuto panjira njira iyi zaminga, muyenera kumvetsetsa mmene mlingo kuwombola aumbike mwa Russia ndi kuzungulira dziko.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mpaka mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo, mayiko ambiri opareshoni otchedwa muyeso wa golide. Malinga ndi iye, mu ndalama za okhutira golide chinakhazikitsidwa. Boma kusintha ndalama zake zagolide. Kuthandiza dongosolo polima ubwenzi anasiyiratu pakati yobweretsa ndalama dziko ndi nkhokwe zake zagolide. Malinga okhutira golide ndi kutiumba maphunziro awo. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama imodzi US choikidwacho makumi atatu ndi zitatu hundredths makumi awiri a njere ya golide, ndipo paundi imodzi - zana ndi khumi ndi zitatu mbewu, ndiko kuti, hundredths mfundo zinayi eyite-seveni nthawi zambiri. Malinga kuwerengetsera izi kudziwa Inde, kumene mapaundi wina anali wofanana ndi madola 4,87.

golide ndi kuwombola yachilendo dongosolo

Pambuyo mmasate ndi Depression Wamkulu mu America m'mayiko ambiri wakhazikitsidwa golide ndi dongosolo kuwombola lina kumene ndalama kale anapanga likuvutika ubale ku malo ndalama, amene anali dollar. Kukhalabe bata kusinthanitsa mlingo kunathandiza kukhazikitsa mu 1944, bungwe la International Monetary Fund. Ndi zopereka anaima ngongole kwa States m'mavuto a zachuma.

Akuyandama dongosolo kusinthitsa ndalama

Kodi mlingo ndalama? Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri, kuti m'malo golide ndi dongosolo kuwombola inango afika kwa dongosolo la mitengo akuyandama kuwombola. Tanthauzo lagona mapangidwe mitengo kuwombola zakunja chifukwa ubale wa okwanira ndi anthu, monga sheya pa katundu kuwombola. Komabe, mlingo kuwombola sanakhale mfulu kwathunthu. Akafike wina malire boma anali parity (monga kuyambira mu 1979 ku Ulaya), ndipo Bank ku Central a dziko, Kutsata zochita zawo ndi maiko ena mwalamulo asintha. Ngati kusintha anali ndichepe, ndiye kuyamikira ndi kukula - ndi devaluation. Malire kukufika pamene kusintha peresenti ochepa, koma nineties, ndi kuchuluka peresenti khumi.

Revaluation ndi devaluation ndi njira yokhayo ya boma alowererepo m'kati pofotokoza mmene mtengo wosinthira aumbike ayi. Kupewa kusinthasintha amphamvu ilowa otchedwa ndalama zikunena, pamene, ngati kugwa mlingo kuwombola, akugula izo, koma ngati zosiyana - kugulitsa.

limagwirira si nthawi zonse bwino, monga eni ndalama dziko kunja sali pansi malangizo a maboma awo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati US aukitsa ngongoleyo, chiwongola dzanja mayunitsi ndalama kunja kwa US akanali yemweyo, zomwe zimachititsa iwo dzi.

zinthu General kulimbikitsa mapangidwe mlingo kuwombola

Kodi mlingo kuwombola pa katundu kuwombola mabanki ndi boma wonse.

1. Zogulitsa kunja ndipo imports. The wokwera poyerekezera dziko lachilendo, wamkulu adzakhala kunja. Choncho mtengo wa ndalama zakunja adzakhala mkulu.

   Ndi kukula ndalama kuwonjezera kufunika kwa imports, kuchititsa depreciation wa ndalama dziko.

   Komano, mtengo kunja kwa ndalama zakunja yafupika pa ndalama mkulu dziko.

2. kayendedwe ka likulu. Ngati anakhumba, ndi Investor adzalandira kuchuluka wamkulu wa yachilendo ndalama, madipoziti, m'matangadza, mgwirizano ndi udindo kwa ndalama zakunja mtengo ukuwonjezeka.

   Komano, malipiro boma aliyense kulimbitsa Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ya ndalama zake.

3. Data linanena bungwe ndi deta ikhoza kupangitsa wodikira. deta Izi zikuphatikizapo: buku la mayiko khamu, zizindikiro chuma, nkhani za kusintha chiwongola dzanja, waukulu chuma zizindikiro ndi zambiri.

4. Ntchito. A mphamvu yaikulu kayendedwe ka mitengo kuwombola ndalama, Fund akugwira ntchito pamene pakuika ndalama zina. Iwo ndi chuma chachikulu, amatha kupanga Inde kusamukira kwina kulikonse.

5. Zocitika za Waogula Zinthu Kunja ndi Ogula zakunja. Iwo ndi ndalama msika owerenga chidwi kugulitsa ndi kugula ndalama zakunja. Komabe, mmene ndi osafunika ndi yochepa, chifukwa buku la malonda awo wotuluka negligibly n'zochepa poyerekeza ndi buku okwana wotuluka mu msika kuwombola yachilendo.

6. Mawu andale. Pamisonkhano yosiyanasiyana, mapiri, misonkhano atolankhani ndi zina zotero sitingalephere kuunikira mu mawu amenewa pa mzere, ndiye ndalama msika yomweyo amachitira malingana ndi mphamvu ya mawu.

   Aliyense akukumbukira mapeto a 2014, pamene Pulezidenti Russian V. V. Putin ndi ntchito yake imodzi yomweyo okhazikika ndi ruble ( "kulankhula ndalama"), chotero wotseka kuchepa wake mofulumira.

7. Chapakati banki. Limagwirira cha zotsatira zake pansipa.

banki chapakati

Taganizirani mmene yosinthira ndalama mlingo wa Bank ku Central aumbike.

State chikoka pa ndalama msika kudzera mabanki chapakati. Monga tanenera kale, ndiwo mkhalidwe yosowa kwambiri imene State ayi ku ntchito kuwombola yachilendo (boma ufulu akuyandama). Monga ulamuliro, iwo nthawi zina zimakhudza njira ya (mkhalidwe wa kusambira zauve), chotero zokhudza momwe Bank chapakati kusinthitsa ndalama aumbike.

Ndi cholinga chofuna kupanga ndi mowa wa boma achite lamulo mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina. Direct lamulo limapezeka pa kuchotsera ndi mfundo kuwombola zikunena. Sitipereka lamulo kudzera mlingo kufufuma, ndalama kupezeka ndi zambiri.

CBR

Komanso, mmene aumbike mwa Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ya CBR.

Daily kupatula azisangalalo, Bank of Central amakhazikitsa chiwerengero cha ndalama kwambiri ndi ruble lapansi. Dola ndi ruble ndi anatsimikiza okuthandizani bids pa inachitika madzulo wa Moscow Interbank yosinthira ndalama. N'chimodzimodzinso yuro. ndalama zina popangidwa ndi mtanda mitengo, mwachitsanzo chiŵerengero pakati pa ruble ndi ndalama zina, potengera ubale ndi dola.

Ndipotu, momwe yosinthira ndalama mlingo wa Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, nawonso amakhudza tanthauzo ndi katundu. Ngati katundu amagulitsidwa kuposa anagula, ndibwino kuti ndalama national anagwa, ndi mosemphanitsa.

Banki chapakati amapereka njira ya mitundu yoposa makumi atatu a ndalama. dollar ichi, yuro, ndi n'chokwana, ndi Franc Swiss, yen, ndi hryvnia, ndipo ena.

Popeza 2005, Bank ku Central anasamukira ku dengu dollar-yuro. Amaona kuti Choncho kukwaniritsa kulamulira zambiri kusintha kuzindikira kukula osakhalitsa. Voterani ndi masamu ndi chiŵerengero cha Ndalama Zakunja msika awiri ndalama yuro dollar pa MICEX makoti ruble ndi yuro.

mabanki

Kodi mlingo kuwombola pa magombe? mabanki ena ali ndi ufulu kukhazikitsa mitengo zawo. Iwo kwenikweni kupereka kugula ndalama pa mtengo wotsikirapo, ndi kugulitsa - kuposa mtengo anapereka Bank wa Central.

MICEX

Kodi mlingo kuwombola pa MICEX - komanso funso chidwi.

Malonda kuwombola achilendo pa Moscow Interbank yosinthira ndalama ndi Lamulo Bank ku Central, omwe akuchita ntchito zake pa maziko a lamulo la feduro pa zogula anthu, lamulo boma pa ndalama lamulo ndi ulamuliro.

Ndalama Zakunja

Mbuli munthu amavutika kumvetsa mmene mlingo kuwombola aumbike pa Ndalama Zakunja.

Ndalama Zakunja mtengo msika lonse anatsimikiza ndi kulimba kwa ogula (kapena ng'ombe) ndi ogulitsa (kapena zimbalangondo). Anthu wosakhoza kusonkhezera zinthu mu msika. Only la International Monetary Fund ndi mabanki chapakati zingasokoneze mphamvu ya mitengo, ndipo si kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Regularities kuti afotokoze mmene mlingo kuwombola aumbike apa motere:

• Pamene amafuna ukuwonjezeka ndalama, chomwechonso mtengo wake, ndi pamene atawalamula amachepetsa, motero, ndi mtengo yafupika.

• Pamene kukula kufunika kwa ndalama, mtengo wake akugwa, ndipo pamene chakudya amachepetsa, mtengo, m'malo mwake, umachuluka.