Ndalama Germany - ndi mtundu wamphamvu

Ndalama Germany - chizindikiro anali pafupifupi sesquicentennial ndi chuma chambiri mbiri. Iye anayamba kukhala mu 1871, chaka cha kugwirizana kwa mayiko German pansi pa ulamuliro wa Prussian Mfumu William Yoyamba. Kumene analenga ndalama German udaikidwa kuonetsetsa bata zachuma ndi kukula mafakitale ufumu kumene-kunachitika. Pa siteji koyamba linakhalapo, mtundu kupirira chikhulupiriro ndithu ndi ntchito imeneyi.

Koma zinthu zinasintha pambuyo First World nkhondo, pamene Germany anataya idagwa mu kugwa weniweni zachuma. Mu makumi Mu zaka zapitazo yaikulu boma German anapambana wokhala lonse kufufuma, pamodzi kwambiri maganizo ndi chuma maganizo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ngakhale ndalama German wamasulidwa (Bill) mu zipembedzo zosonyeza biliyoni zana.

Ndipo mu 1923, mu masiku a ku Republic Weimar kuti mugonjetse zoopsa chifukwa chuma German wa hyperinflation boma Gustav Stresemann pepala mtundu wakhala m'malo otchedwa yobwereka. Zinali ndalama zosakhalitsa Germany, mosatsata mlingo malamulo ndi amene anenedwa kumayambiriro latsopano Reichsmark zolowa, inakhazikitsa mu August 1924 chaka.

Umuna zitsulo Reichsmarks pa nthawi imeneyo anakhala zosayembekezereka kawirikawiri - anasintha pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Ndiye ndalama mu Germany osati makamaka khola. Bwanji mavuto a zachuma la kugonjetsedwa pa nkhondo. Kuti kuukitsa mzimu wadziko ndi wakutemwa zinachitikadi Reichsmarks German ankafotokozedwa zochitika losaiwalika pa moyo wa fuko ndi ziwerengero kwambiri a boma German.

Mu 1930 boma anaganiza kuti apereke ndalama kudzipereka zizindikiro zisanu ulendo dziko, anakwaniritsa chaka pamaso pa airship wotchuka "Graf Zeppelin". Ufulu siliva ndalama masekeli magalamu makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri a millimeters makumi asanu chitachitidwa ndi wotchuka German engraver ndi zojambulajambula Franz Krishkerom. obverse ake chokongoletsedwa ndi chifaniziro cha German mphungu lachifumu, kenako m'mbali mwa dzina la dziko opereka - German Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Ndipo pa n'zosiyana wa fano yokha inali mwachindunji lodziwika bwino airship ukuuluka pa dziko lapansi.

Pambuyo pa kubwera kwa nyamuka Reichsmark Nazi mphamvu anayamba mofulumira mphamvu. Ndi kukhala mmodzi wa ndalama yodalirika ku Ulaya pa nthawi. Mwatsoka, akulankhula za Germany, ndi Sitinganyalanyaze mdima ndi yolakwika nthawi ya zaka 1933-45. Komanso, pamene anali kupezeka ndi yambiri otchedwa zizindikiro ntchito yake. Komabe, nkhani zimenezi ayenera kuphunzira kwakuya ndi mokwanira, amene salola kuti agwire mtundu wa nkhaniyi.

Pambuyo pa mapeto a zonse mitembo ya World Chachiwiri, chimene chili kusuta mabwinja dziko anayamba kuchita kusintha zinthu zina ndi lonse kusintha zachuma, wolemba amene anali wasayansi German ndi wandale wotchuka Ludwig Erhard. Pafupifupi zaka khumi munthu, kusintha mu moyo German anabwerera ku Germany mu kutsogolera mphamvu dziko.

Makumi awiri June 1948, Chaka cha mtundu lonse wailesi Erhard zimafika ntchito yake ya pa boma pa mitengo ndi kuchotsedwa ambiri malamulo utsogoleri, amene kwakukulukulu okha ufulu msika.

Ndiye usiku wa pa June 21, 1948, chaka analengeza kumayambiriro kwa yatsopanoyi - Deutschmark. nzika tonsefe tinalandira makumi zopangidwa latsopano ndi malipilo, penshoni ndi zofunikira amasuliridwa pa mlingo wa 1: 1. makampani onse alandira ndalama kulipira malipiro choyamba, ndipo kenako iwo anali ntchito pa ndalama zake. Icho chinali chiyambi cha moyo watsopano chuma ndi Germany demokalase.

Kuyambira chaka cha makumi asanu, Deutschmark sanasinthe. Tsopano pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa ndalama ku Germany. Ndipotu, Germany ndi limodzi mwa mayiko otchuka dziko, "likulu ndalama Europe", monga mChipangano, anali m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa eurozone ndi issuance a ogwirizana ndalama European.