Rial Iranian: Mbiri, Zitsanzo ndi Maphunziro

Ndalama yovomerezeka ya Iran ndi rial wamba. Amakhala ndi dinars zana, koma izi sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito posachedwapa. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha ndalama za dziko. Mu dongosolo la zachuma, dziko la Irani linalandira dzina lakuti IRR, code 364, ndi Iran - IR. Pakali pano, pali zikwi khumi, zikwi zisanu, zikwi ziwiri, chikwi chimodzi, mazana awiri ndi zana limodzi akupezeka. Kuonjezera apo, ndalama zasiliva mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu, zana, makumi asanu, makumi awiri, khumi ndi zisanu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mbiri ya Rial ya Irani

Mtsinje unali chizindikiro cha ndalama cha Persia kuyambira 1798 mpaka 1825. Ku Iran, ndalama iyi inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1932. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo mpaka lero, mtsinje wa Iran ndi ndalama za dziko lino. Zisanayambe kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendedwe ka ndalama ku Iran mu 1932, ndalama ya boma inali fumbi yomwe ili ngati dinari zikwi khumi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale patatha pafupifupi zaka 90, mtengo wa katundu wambiri ndi mautumiki ukuwonetsedwa mofanana. Kawirikawiri izi zimasokoneza alendo ambiri omwe amayendera dziko lino.

Ndalamayi itangoyamba kumene ngati ndalama ku Persia (masiku ano Iran), ndalamazo zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zinkafika dinari 1,250 ndipo zinapanga 1/8 za fumbi. Mu 1825, nkhani yachisokonezo inaletsedwa ku Persia, ndipo ndalama yayikulu inali fumbi, yomwe inatsala mpaka 1932.

Kusinthana kwa ndalama kosavuta

Mchaka cha 1932 chitangoyamba kuchitika, "Bank Melli Iran" inalemba makalata oposa asanu, khumi, makumi awiri, makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu mazana asanu ndi atatu. Zipembedzo zomwe zili ndi chiwerengero cha chikwi chimodzi zinayambira mu 1935. Zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake, atsogoleri a Iran adasankha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo 200, ndipo mu 1952 mabiliyoni asanu ndi zikwi khumi anawonekera. Kuchepetsa kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa chuma kwa dziko lonse lapansi kunayambitsa kufunika kosiya kugwiritsa ntchito zipembedzo zing'onozing'ono za mabanki.

Kotero, mu 1940 Bungwe Lalikulu la Iran linasiya kuchoka ku chipembedzo chomwe chinali choyenera anthu asanu, ndipo mu 1960 ndalama za ndalama khumi. Kuchokera mu 1993, mpikisano wa Irani wakhala pafupifupi ndalama zosinthika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiwerengero cha malonda a malonda a zaka zambiri omwe akutsutsana ndi Iran akubweretsa chiwerengero chachikulu komanso kugwa kwa ndalama za dziko lonse.

Maonekedwe a mabanki

Pa mbiri yake, mpikisano wa Irani anasintha maonekedwe ake kangapo. Zidzakhala ndi njira yotsindikitsira ngongole zakale zomwe zaperekedwa kuyambira 1982 mpaka 1989, zikugwiritsabe ntchito kuchipatala ndipo zimachotsedwa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi chithunzi cha Ayatollah Khomeini. Kupatulapo ndizipembedzo zokwana zana limodzi, mazana awiri ndi mazana asanu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamabuku a dziko la Irani mulibe tsiku loti amasulidwe. Chinthu china chofunikira cha ndalama iyi ndi mlingo wotsika kwambiri wa chitetezo choletsedwa.

Pakati pa 1932 mpaka 1943, chithunzi cha shah choyamba cha mafumu a Pahlavi, Reza Pahlavi, chinali chojambula pa anthu onse a ku Iran. Chithunzi chake chinali kutsogolo kwa mabanki. Pakati pa 1944 mpaka 1979, utsogoleri wachiwiri wa Shah wa Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, adawonetsedwa pambali ya zigawengazo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mafano a 35 ndi omaliza omaliza a Iran pamabuku oyamba adakula ndikukula, ndipo adakalamba limodzi ndi wolamulira yekha.

Sinthani maonekedwe a mabanki pambuyo pa kupambana kwa revolution

Mu 1979, otsutsa otsogoleredwa ndi Ayatollah Khomeini adagonjetsa ku Iran. Kusintha kwa ndalama sikunatenga nthawi yaitali. Mohammed Reza Pahlavi adadedwa ndi boma latsopano, ndipo mosangalala ankalowetsa zonsezi ndi chithunzi chake. Koma vuto linali manotsi ochuluka kwambiri mu nkhani ya 1974, yosungidwa ku Central Bank. Malipoti onsewa anali ndi chithunzi cha shah.

Pofuna kuti asayambe kulembera malembawo, ndipo panthaŵi yomweyi kuti achotse fano la mfumu yakale, adasankha kugwiritsa ntchito chomwe chimatchedwa "chisindikizo". Icho chinali chojambula pa chithunzi cha Shah ndi watermark ya mitanda yofiira. Kuyambira mu 1980, chithunzi cha Pahlavi chinayamba kutsekedwa mothandizidwa ndi chojambula chakuda chakuda, kubwereza ndondomeko ya chithunzi cha mfumu.

Kusinthanitsa Ndalama ku Iran

Mpaka pano, ndi kusinthanitsa ndalama za ku Iran sikuyenera kukhala zovuta. Alendo ndi oyendayenda m'mabwalo a ndege, mahotela, mabungwe a mabanki ndi maofesi apadera angagule zonyansa. Maphunziro omwe ali pamalonda apadera ogulitsa ndi kugula ndalama akhoza kusiyana ndi zoperekedwa m'masitolo kapena pamsewu kuchokera kwa osintha ndalama. Zoona, ntchito zotere siziri zovomerezeka, koma palibe chilango chazochitika.

Chodziwika kwambiri pa kusinthanitsa ndalama za dziko ku Iran ndi mapaundi a British omwe ali olemera kwambiri, euro ndi madola a US. Zigawo zina za ndalama zidzasinthanitsa zovuta kwambiri. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku ndalama za iwo omwe ali pafupi ndi Iran. Mabungwe a mabanki, monga lamulo, ntchito kuyambira Loweruka mpaka Lachitatu kuyambira 8:00 am mpaka 15:00 kapena 16:00 maola a tsiku. Maofesi ena akhoza kupereka ndalama zapadera mpaka 20:00 madzulo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mapepala a pulasitiki ku Iran sakugwiritsidwa ntchito, choncho ndi bwino kukhala ndi ndalama ndi iwe.

Tiyeneranso kugogomezera kuti ndalama za euro, ma dollar ndi mabriteria amtengo wapatali zingalandiridwe kuti zilipire m'madera okaona malo. Ali kutali Iran, ngakhalenso ndalama zachilendo izi sizidzakhala ndi chidwi kwenikweni kwa aliyense. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ziyenera kuzindikila kuti kusinthana kwa kusintha kwa msewu, m'misika ndi m'masitolo nthawi zambiri kumapindulitsa kwambiri kuposa boma. Koma pakuchita zoopsa zoterezi, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti akhoza kuchitidwa nkhanza omwe angathe kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso chitetezo cha nkhanza za dziko la Iran ndikugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zonyenga kuti asinthe.

Maphunziro a mpikisano wa Irani

Mtsinje wa Irani ku ruble uli ndi chiwerengero cha 543.71: 1. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chifukwa chimodzi cha Russian ruble mungapeze 543.71 zida za Irani. Mtsinje wa Irani kufupi ndi mitengo ya ruble posachedwapa imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri, ndalama za dziko lino zimakhala zotsika mtengo. Koma ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa alendo kuti akhale ndi madola naye. Ndalama zosinthanitsa ndi rial za Irani zikuwoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kuyesa kosatha kwa ndalama zapanyumba. Kotero, kwa dola imodzi ya US ndizotheka kupeza 32375.33 riyal. Mng'oma wa Irani ndi mlingo wa euro ndi awa: 1 EUR ndi 34833.38 IRR.