Kakhovka HPP: ambiri zambiri, mbiri ndi zikuchitika wa chinthu

Pakali pano, mphamvu opangira magetsi adakali kugwirizana singasiyanitsidwe mu gawo la mphamvu ya mayiko ambiri. Inde, pang'ono kukankhira kunja kwa masiteshoni a mphamvu za nyukiliya, koma chofunika akadali HPP. Mu Ukraine, njira amenewo anthu ndi magetsi ndi ambiri. Ndipo imodzi mwa mbewu Chiyukireniya ayankhidwa.

General zokhudza chomera hydropower

Kakhovka HPP ndi pakati pa khumi yaikulu Chiyukireniya malo opangira magetsi ili kum'mwera kwa dziko, mu dera Kherson. The amagetsi inamangidwa pa Dnieper Mtsinje, ndipo mmodzi wa lotseguka nthambi olowa katundu kampani "Ukrhydroenergo".

Kakhovka opangira magetsi zovuta zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Akaphatikiza kwambiri Nyumba ya mphamvu opangira magetsi;
• yomanga ngalande madzi;
• pachipata cha zombo (osakwatira chipinda);
• zadothi damu;
• magetsi yoika phwando ndi kufalitsa mphamvu ya magetsi;
• kuwoloka magalimoto ndi sitima (zomangamanga zoyendera).

Opangira magetsi (okwana) ndi zokhudza 351 MW. Kupanga pafupifupi kwa chaka abwera biliyoni 1,489 kW / h.

Kakhovka HPP kupatsidwa zipangizo Kharkov ndi Zaporozhye mbewu. Mwa mayunitsi a mafakitale izi Kaplan turbines, synchronous magudumu ndi tiransifoma. Chifukwa mkulu khalidwe zipangizo anaika, Kakhovka HPP ntchito bwinobwino mpaka lero.

Hayidiroliki kapangidwe, anamangapo padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa hydro anapanga ndi kupita kwa nthawi posungira. Zinakhalapo ndipo umagwira lero. Kuwonjezera, malo ano ndi gwero la madzi mu kum'mwera kwa Ukraine. Ndiko kuti, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, mafakitale, komanso madera zogona ndi mafakitale zimadalira mwachindunji pa Kakhovka posungira.

Kakhovka HPP mu 2001 ndodo ya anthu 173. Zikuoneka kuti deta awa akhala asinthidwa, koma mfundo zogwirizana sanapezeke mu ankalamulira. Kawirikawiri izi zinthu mkulu ndodo zolowa zimawonedwa.

Kumangidwa kwa malo mphamvu

Mbiri ya Kakhovka HPS ali kunayambira ku zaka unawonongedwa. malo uwu unali umodzi wa ntchito za ntchito yaikulu yomanga chikominisi. Komanso, mfundo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti maonekedwe a chifanizo hydropower chomera pa wotumizira masitampu wa USSR.

Pomanga Kakhovka HPS unayambitsidwa mu 1950. The Atumiki a Soviet Union analowa polojekiti chiwerengero chofunika kumanga chifukwa kufunika kuonetsetsa yabwino kuchuluka m'maboma mphamvu. Ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yomanga opangira magetsi m'mudzi Nova Kakhovka analengedwa: munkakhala antchito ndi ndodo amene ankagwira ntchito yomanga.

Pa nthawi yomanga chinthu anthu pafupifupi 12 zikwi akhala ntchito. Komanso osiyanasiyana ochititsa chidwi a sayansi, kuchokera galimoto sitima ndi dredgers, ankagwira ntchito yomanga.

Ndi 1956, ntchito yomanga inatha. Koyamba unit otsiriza wakhala analenga posungira. Kuti ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, opangira magetsi anakwanitsa onani ndi kulowa chiwerengero cha substations kuti kudyetsa ambiri zigawo mu chilengedwe chawo. The chifukwa n'chachikulu.

The zikuchitika wa HPP

Mu 1996, ntchito yomanga kubwezeretsedwa ndi kukhazikitsanso matamanda a madzi a. Pakali pano, zizindikiro mphamvu m'badwo, komanso moyo utumiki wa aggregates kuchuluka kwambiri n'kukupatsani kusuntha. Ngati icho sichinali ngozi kakang'ono pa Kakhovka HPS pamene m'madambo anali anasefukira chifukwa madzi likutuluka, ndiye mbewu opangira magetsi zikanakhoza kukhala zabwino bwino.

Kenako mu 2006, linakhalanso pamwamba msewu pa dera la Kakhovka HPS. Komanso, zinamangidwa ntchito zogona. Chokha chimene icho chinachita sikungawononge kusintha maofesi a wogwila koyenera kuti ntchito mwachindunji wa chinthu. Ngati inu kuchitika kuswa Kakhovka HPP, zotsatira zake zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

Mu 2010, ntchito za bizinesi ali anapambana malo oyamba mu mlingo "Chikumbumtima amakhoma misonkho-2010." Ndipo pakati pa 800 mitengo imeneyi, zomera hydropower ndi zipangizo zina. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mwa i n'komwe woona mtima wokhoma ndi kufunitsitsa wa kasamalidwe ndi ndodo nawo zochitika zosiyanasiyana chikondi ndi ntchito.

pomaliza

Kakhovka HPS - wamphamvu ndi m'malo bwino matamanda a madzi. Komabe, ntchito zimene zimachitika pa malo m'tsogolo tiyenera aganyali ndalama osati kukonza ndiponso kumanga outbuildings zina, ndipo m'malo a zida ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa aggregates chachikulu. Ndiye HPP adzakhala ngakhale kochepa, popanda ngozi ndiponso kuwonongeka pachiswe.