Autotrophs ndi heterotrophs: makhalidwe, kufanana ndi kusiyana

Padziko Lapansi, kunyumba ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo. Pakuti mayiko phunzira kwao ofufuza m'kagulu zamoyo zonse pa malo osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi mtundu wa chakudya moyo zonse m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - autotrophs ndi heterotrophs. Komanso, pali gulu mixotrophy - ndi zamoyo ndinazolowera mitundu onse chakudya. M'nkhani ino tikambirana mbali ya moyo wa magulu ziwiri zazikulu ndi kupeza chomwe ndi kusiyana kwa autotrophs heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - zamoyo paokha synthesizing organic ku zochita kupanga. Mu gulu ili ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya ndipo pafupifupi onse zamoyo a zomera. Pa moyo ntchito zake autotrophs ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochita kupanga kulowa kuchokera kunja (carbon dioxide, asafe, sulfide wa hydrogen, chitsulo, etc.), zochita zawo kupalasa njinga mu kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala zovuta organic (makamaka chakudya ndi mapuloteni).

zamoyo Heterotrophic kudya kanthu organic wokonzeka, sanatha lithe zawo. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo bowa, nyama (kuphatikizapo munthu), ena tizilombo ngakhale ena zomera (mitundu ina parasitic).

Monga tikuonera, kusiyana waukulu ku autotrophs heterotrophs ndi mankhwala chikhalidwe cha zakudya zofunika. njira zosiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha mphamvu zawo. zamoyo Autotrophic amaika mphamvu pa kusintha kwa zinthu zochita kupanga mu organic heterotrophs mphamvu pamene amaika mphamvu. Autotrophs ndi heterotrophs anawagawa m'magulu awiri malingana ndi gwero mphamvu (m'nkhani yoyamba) ndi ku gawo lapansi chakudya ntchito ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa tizilombo.

Pakati autotrophs kumasula zamoyo photoautotrophic ndi chemoautotrophic. Photoautotrophs kwa kusinthika ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mu gulu ili la zinthu limapezeka ndondomeko yeniyeni - dzuwa (kapena ndondomeko ofanana ndi kuzilumikiza). Mpweya woipa prevraschetsya mu mankhwala osiyanasiyana organic. Chemoautotrophs ntchito mphamvu akamagwira zochita zina. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana mabakiteriya.

tizilombo Heterotrophic anawagawa metatrofy ndi paratrofy. Metatrofy monga gawo lapansi mankhwala organic ntchito zamoyo akufa paratrofy - moyo.

Autotrophs ndi heterotrophs maudindo ena mu unyolo chakudya. Autotrophs nthawi zonse opanga - kulenga zinthu organic amene ali pambuyo njira youma unyolo wonse. Heterotrophs ndi madongosolo osiyana ndi ogula (monga ulamuliro, mu gulu ili ndi nyama) ndi decomposers (bowa, tizilombo). M'mawu ena, autotrophs ndi heterotrophs kupanga pakati pawo ubale trophic. Nkofunikira kwa zinthu zachilengedwe mu dziko, chifukwa ndi chifukwa ubale trophic ikuchitika kayendedwe ka zinthu m'chilengedwe.