Kodi zisudzo Japanese? Mitundu ya zisudzo Japanese. Noh. Kyogen zisudzo. kabuki zisudzo

Japan - zachinsinsi ndi choyambirira dziko, kudziwa chikhalidwe ndi miyambo imene azungu zovuta. Waukulu mmene izi chifukwa chakuti mpaka chapakati pa m'zaka XVII, dziko chinatsekedwa kwa dziko. Ndipo tsopano, kumva mzimu wa Japan, kudziwa chikhalidwe chake, m'pofunika kutembenukira kwa luso. Iwo chimaonetsera kulikonse chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a anthu. Mmodzi wa luso lakale kwambiri yatsikira kwa ife pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa ndi zisudzo Japanese.

Mbiri ya zisudzo Japanese

mizu zisudzo Japanese ku akale. Pafupi ora limodzi ndi theka zaka zikwi zapitazo mu Japan, China, Korea ndi India analowa kuvina ndi nyimbo, ndi yochokera kumtunda anadza kwa Chibuda - mphindi ino ndi chiyambi cha kubadwa kwa luso ed. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zisudzo alipo kupitiriza ndi kuteteza miyambo. Asayansi amati zisudzo Japanese lili ngakhale gawo la sewero wakale. Izi zingathe dziko chifukwa limati Agiriki la Asia Minor, komanso India ndi China.

Aliyense mtundu wanyimbo ed amene anabwera kuchokera mu kuya kwa zaka zambiri, anapitiriza malamulo m'chimake ndi payekha. Choncho, kusewera playwrights zakale ndi lero anayikidwa pa mfundo kuti zaka zambiri zapitazo. The kuyamikira wa zisudzo okha, zimene zimasunga ndi kachilombo miyambo wakale wa ophunzira ake (zambiri ana awo) kupanga mafumu akuchita.

Kubadwa kwa bwalo lamasewera

Kubadwa kwa kwaziwonetsero Japan kugwirizana ndi zikamera mu VII m'ma pantomime Gigaku, kutanthauza - "kuchita matsenga" ndipo Bugakov kuvina - ". Luso kuvina" Osiyana tsoka la Mitundu izi. Gigaku mpaka m'ma chakhumi unachitika zisudzo siteji, koma sanathe kupikisana ndi Mitundu zovuta zambiri za pantomime ndipo m'malo mwa iwo. Koma Bugakov anaphedwa lero. Poyamba maganizo aloŵa nawo zikondwerero kachisi ndi kumbuyo mwambo, ndiye iwo ndi kuchita pawokha, ndipo anapulumuka kuwuka ndipo zinatchuka kwambiri pambuyo kubwezeretsa kwa mphamvu, izi polemba chinenero cha zisudzo Japanese.

Pachikhalidwe zotsatirazi mitundu ya zisudzo Japanese: koma nogaku kapena anafuna apamwamba; Kabuki zisudzo anthu wamba, ndipo Bunraku - chidole zisudzo.

Traditional Japanese zisudzo lero

Mu nthawi yatsopano ku Japan kugunda European luso, motero zisudzo ano. Ife anayamba kuoneka chifaniziro chachikulu cha yachizungu zikuluzikulu, kuvina. Koma miyambo Japanese zisudzo ali anakwanitsa kuteteza udindo wake ndipo sataya kutchuka. Musaganize kuti nthawi zosatha m'chipani. The zisudzo ndi omvera - anthu enieni. Pang'onopang'ono kusintha zofuna zawo, zokonda, zonena. Zivute zitani, malowedwe a zikuchitika masiku ano anakhazikitsa ndi akutulukira zisudzo mawonekedwe kwa zaka zambiri. Choncho, yafupika nthawi kugonjera, iye lochita kanthu mofulumira, chifukwa lero mwa omvetsera alibe nthawi zambiri amalingalira, ngati momwe zinalili mu Ages Middle. Moyo kuzichita malamulo ake, ndi zisudzo pang'onopang'ono kusintha pansi.

Zisudzo apamwamba koma

Anabadwa zisudzo koma m'zaka za m'ma XIV ndipo anakhala wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu apamwamba ndi asilikaliwo. Poyamba, inali okha apamwamba a Japan.

Likupangika kwa zaka zambiri, bwaloli wakhala mwambo dziko kamodzi zozama ndi akatswiri wauzimu tanthauzo. Chilengedwe izo mophweka, cholinga ndi pa chigoba, amene anatsindika kufunika ndipo chovalacho. Zotchedwa ndi masks zimafalitsidwa kwa aliyense sukulu ku mibadwomibadwo.

ntchito ili. Shite (mwininkhani) pansi phokoso la zitoliro, ng'oma ndi kolasi limafotokoza nkhani ya moyo wamtendere ndi nkhondo, kupambana ndi zigonjetso, akupha ndi Chimonko, amene amasewera ndi mizimu ndi zivundi, milungu ndiponso ziwanda. Nkhani ndithu kukhala chinenero chachikale chinkawavuta. Koma - kwambiri chachinsinsi polemba chinenero cha Japanese zisudzo chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake chakuya nthanthi tanthauzo osati masks okha, komanso a tsatanetsatane wa ulaliki, ndi tanthauzo chinsinsi, kuti ndizindikire zizipezeka chipangizo omvera.

ntchito ed imatenga maola atatu ndi theka asanu ndi zikuphatikizapo masewero zingapo, zimene alternated ndi kuvina ndi ankapenta ku moyo wa anthu wamba.

koma masks

Koma - Japanese zisudzo masks. Masks si womangidwa ndi udindo makamaka iwo ntchito pofuna kusonyeza kutengeka. Mogwirizana ndi chophiphiritsa zochita za zisudzo ndi nyimbo kulenga chikhalidwe lapadera chigoba zisudzo za Tokugawa nyengo. Ngakhale pa Koyamba, ndi kovuta kukhulupirira kuti chigoba koma kutumikira popereka maganizo. Ndikumva chisoni ndi chimwemwe, kupsa mtima, kudzichepetsa analengedwa chifukwa cha sewero kuwala, wamng'ono wa otsetsereka a mutu wosewera wake, mawu kwaya nyimbo ndi nyimbo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti sukulu zosiyanasiyana kuti ntchito zithunzi chomwecho zotchedwa osiyana ndi masks. Pali masks kuti ntchito zina maudindo. Masiku ano, pali mazana awiri masks kuti akupezeka masiku athu ndipo anapangidwa ndi paini Japanese.

ulaliki koma

Zisudzo koma mlendo kwa Kuzindikira namanga kwambiri pa malingaliro a omvera. Pa siteji, nthawi zina popanda zokongola, ndi zisudzo amagwira zochita osachepera. Khalidwe amapanga okha angapo masitepe, koma mawu ake, manja ndi choral limodzi likukhalira kuti wafika kutali. otchulidwa awiri atayima mbali ndi mbali, mwina zindikirani mzake mpaka pamasom'pamaso.

Chinthu chachikulu amalowa koma - manja. Manja kuphatikiza onse amene ali ndi phindu zina, komanso kuti ntchito chifukwa cha kukongola ndi Musatenge tanthauzo iliyonse. Ukonde makamaka mu bwalo lamasewera transmits chete ndi kusowa kuyenda. Unsophisticated azionerera zovuta kumvetsa mu kamphindi ngati kuti zikuchitika pa siteji.

kyogen Theater

Japanese kyogen zisudzo anaonekera pafupifupi imodzi ndi zisudzo koma Koma ochuluka kusiyana ndi mutu wake ndi kalembedwe. Koma - Drama, zokumana ndi zikhumbo. Kyogen - farce Comedy, wodzazidwa ndi nthabwala yosavuta, zauve ndi kanthu chabe. Kyogen zovuta kumvetsa tanthauzo la sewerolo ndi zochita za zisudzo alibe kwa kumvetsa. Pachikhalidwe kyogen zisudzo interlude ndi ed zisudzo koma.

The repertoire zikuphatikizapo zisudzo kyogen masewero zaka XV-XVI. Ndi pafupi zaka mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi ntchito ndi olemba amene ali makamaka osadziwika. Mpaka mapeto a ndalama m'ma XVI zidachoka ku pakamwa m'kamwa, kwa mphunzitsi wophunzira ndipo si zinalembedwa pa pepala. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XVII anayamba kuoneka TV olembedwa.

Mu kyogen pali gulu bwino za masewero:

• wa milungu;
• wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono;
• akazi;
• mizimu yoyipa, ndi zina zotero. N.

Pali chuma chimene mavuto ang'onoang'ono banja anatsindika. Iwo ankasewera pa impermanence amuna ndi akazi chinyengo. Ambiri mwa masewero mtumiki odzipereka dzina lake Taro.

Kyogen otchulidwa anthu wamba amene miyoyo kanthu zimachitika yofunika kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa sewerolo omvera ankaimira zilembo zonse. zisudzo zisudzo anawagawa m'magulu: chachikulu - shite, sekondale - Ado, ukachenjede - Coady, wachinayi mtengo - chure ndi wachisanu ndi mtengo - Tomo. Sukulu yaikulu akuchita Kyogen Izumi ndi Okura. Ngakhale kuti koma zokhudzana zisudzo kyogen kwa owonetsera izi kukonzekera payokha.

Polemba chinenero Japanese kyogen zisudzo amapereka mitundu itatu ya zovala:

• mr;
• antchito;
• akazi.

zovala zonse anapangidwa fashoni ya chiyambi cha XVI ndi XVII atumwi. Nthawi zina chigoba akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zisudzo ed. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza amabisa koma kusonyeza chikondi - ichi ndi chigoba kumasulira udindo wotchulidwa: mayi wachikulire, munthu wokalamba, mkazi, chiwanda, mulungu, nyama ndi tizilombo.

Pakutha pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World zinachititsa kuti m'malo a zisudzo kyogen, ndi masewero adayamba kuchitidwa paokha, osati mu zisudzo koma zithunzi.

Kabuki - Theatre kachisi wovina

Kabuki ulaliki poyambirira linakonzedwa aliyense. Kabuki zisudzo anaonekera pa chiyambi cha nyengo Tokugawa ndi amagwirizana ndi dzina la wovina kachisi ndi mwana wa wosula Izumo palibe Okuni.

Bakuman m'zaka XVII, anasamukira ku Kyoto, komwe anayamba kuchita kuvina mwambo pa a mtsinjewo ndipo mu mtima mwa likulu. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba kulowa repertoire ya madansi chikondi ndi kumbali ndi oimba anagwirizana nkhaniyo. Patapita nthawi, kutchuka kwa zisudzo ake chawonjezeka. Nsomba mwamsanga anakwanitsa kuphatikiza malankhulidwe kuvina, m'Chiarabu, ndakatulo mu amodzi limodzi, kupanga Japanese Kabuki zisudzo. Kwenikweni, dzina la zisudzo la likumasuliridwa kuti "luso la kuimba ndi kuvina." Pa nthawi imeneyi, yekha atsikana nawo malingaliro.

Kutchuka kwa zisudzo anakula, nthawi zambiri anthu achikulire likulu unayamba kugwa m'chikondi ndi ovina wokongola wa gululo. Boma la boma la zochitika sanali, makamaka chifukwa cha chikondi cha Ammayi anayamba kukonza ndewu. Izi, komanso kuvina mosapitirira malire ndi zithunzi zomwe zachititsa chakuti lamulo posakhalitsa inaika lamulo loletsa pa amai maganizo. Choncho, onna kabuki wamkazi zisudzo unatha. Ndipo pa siteji yamphongo Japanese zisudzo - Kabuki Vacas. kuletsa imeneyi imagwira ntchito zisudzo onse ed.

Mu zaka za m'ma XIX, mkulu lamulo linachotsedwa. Komabe, mwambo wa ntchito za maudindo onse mu chifaniziro cha amuna wakhala lero. Choncho, ovomerezeka Japanese zisudzo - mwamuna zisudzo Japanese.

Kabuki lero

Pakali pano, ku Japan Kabuki zisudzo ndi wotchuka kwambiri wa luso miyambo kwambiri. Zisudzo Theatre wodziwika mu dziko ndipo kawirikawiri anaitanidwa TV ndi kanema kuwombera. Maudindo amayi ku troupes ambiri kachiwiri anachita ndi akazi. Komanso, panali magulu zisudzo zonse wamkazi.

Akamanena za zisudzo ed wa kabuki

Kabuki timapezamo mfundo za nthawi Tokugawa, iwo maziko nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la chilungamo, amene ndiwo lingaliro Chibuda wa Malipilo zowawa anthu, ndithu, chilango cha woipa amene amabweretsa wa. Komanso, Abuda lingaliro la waufupi wa padziko lapansi, pamene highborn banja kapena atsogoleri wamphamvu ndithu. Pa mtima wa mkangano nthaŵi zambiri kugona zipolowe za mfundo za Chikomfyushani monga udindo, udindo, zachipembedzo, ndiponso zolinga munthu.

Zodzoladzola ndi zovala mmene ndingathere machesi ntchito anachita ndi wosewera. Nthawi zambiri, zovala ndi zikugwirizana mafashoni nyengo Tokugawa, kwambiri kaso ndipo stylized. Masks mu zisudzo alibe ntchito m'malo ovuta-zodzoladzola kuwalitsa zili ndi udindo. Komanso poganizira ntchito mawigi, amene ali m'magulu malinga ndi chuma chawo zaka ndiponso ntchito ya m'nkhaniyi.

bunraku Theater

Bunraku - Japanese chidole zisudzo. Nthawi zina ngakhale molakwika otchedwa jōruri. Jōruri - dzina la zisudzo Bunraku ntchito ndi pa nthawi yomweyo dzina la mmodzi wa zidole, ndi wosasangalala wolemekezeka. Ndi ballad za heroine anayamba zisudzo. Poyamba iye sanali chidole, ndi kuimba nyimbo akungoyendayenda Chimonko. Pang'onopang'ono chifaniziro anagwirizana oimba, omvera anayamba kusonyeza zithunzi, amene akuonetsedwa m'nkhaniyi. Kenako, zithunzi izi inasanduka zidole.

The zisudzo chofunika kwambiri gidayyu - Reader, kuchokera potsata bwino ntchito zonse luso. Reader osati amachita monologues ndi dialogues, ndipo ntchito yake ndi kuti apereke phokoso zofunika, mapokoso, squeaks.

Pofika m'zaka za m'ma XVII anapanga malamulo waukulu kuimba nyimbo ndi ma mu bunraku, koma zidole kwa nthawi yaitali anapitiriza kusintha. M'kupita kwa nthawi, panali chidole njira anthu atatu kasamalidwe. Japanese Bunraku zisudzo ali ndi mwambo yaitali yopanga zidole. Iwo alibe thupi, ndi m'malo mwa amakona anayi chimango matabwa, wopota filaments kulamulira mutu, manja ndi miyendo. Komanso, miyendo kungakhale kokha wamwamuna zidole komanso ngakhale nthawi zonse. Pa chimango ndi kuvala angapo zigawo za zovala, amene amapereka voliyumu ndi kufanana ndi chithunzi anthu. Mutu, manja ndipo ngati n'koyenera, miyendo ndi zochotseka ndi anayikidwa pa chimango, ngati kuli kofunika. Manja ndi mapazi ndi mafoni kwambiri ndipo anapangidwa kuti chidole akhoza ngakhale kusuntha chala.

zidole ulamuliro luso akanali yemweyo, ngakhale bwino, - pa zisudzo zitatu zofunika kupezerera zidole wina, kutalika kwa amene ali kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili kukula anthu. Zisudzo si zobisika kwa anthu, ndipo pomwepo powonekera, iwo avala masks wakuda ndi mikanjo. Black nayenso mbuyo, siteji mkhalidwe nsalu ndi nsanja oimba. M'kati bwinobwino amakhazikitsa ndi zidole madiresi zokongola ndi utoto manja woyera ndi nkhope.

Nkhani yaikulu ya zisudzo Bunraku ndi chifaniziro cha kugunda ndi malingaliro ndi ntchito, "thupi" ndi "Ninja." Pakati pa nkhaniyi ndi munthu anapatsidwa maganizo, zolinga, choti akhale moyo. Komabe, kupewa maganizo a anthu, ngongole, chikhalidwe ndiponso malamulo abwino. Iye ayenera kuti achite zimene iye sakufuna. Chifukwa, mkangano ntchito ndi chiyembekezo munthu kumabweretsa mavuto.

mithunzi ed

Mthunzi zisudzo inayambira kalekale. Malo pakuwonekera kwake akuti ndi Asia ndi chitukuko chachikulu izo lakwaniritsa ku China. Zinali ku kunafika Japanese mthunzi zisudzo.

Poyamba, zithunzi ntchito ziphiphiritso kudula kuchokera pa pepala kapena chikopa. Zochitika anatumikira monga chimango matabwa, yokutidwa ndi nsalu zoyera, kuseri kwake zisudzo ndi kulamulira kanjedza ndi kuimba. Ntchito kuwala mbali zimaonekera pa zenera, anthu pabanjapo.

Mthunzi zisudzo m'maboma osiyanasiyana anali zithunzi zake ndi mitundu ya repertoire anachita nyimbo.

zisudzo ose

Ose - chikhalidwe Japanese azithunzithunzi zisudzo. Iye anabadwa mu zaka za zana XVII, ndi ulaliki zoyambirira bungwe pansi pa thambo lotseguka. Koma ndi kutchuka zisudzo anayamba kuoneka kunyumba wapadera zithunzi ngati - oseba.

Masewero a zisudzo ndi a mtundu wanyimbo Rakugo - nkhani satirical kapena zimaseketsa, nthawi zonse ndi mapeto zosayembekezereka, wodzazidwa ndi puns ndi nthabwala. Ife anayamba nthano za anecdotes analenga rakugoka - narrators akatswiri.

Atavala wojambula chovalacho akukhala pakati pa zimene zinachitika pa pilo mu manja a chopukutira nthawi zonse ndi fani. ngwazi Nkhani anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana, nkhani mutu sukhala. Zikutsatiridwa anali ndiye yekha kuti nthanozi anali zoseketsa, zokhudzana ndi zinthu zandale, zoweta, apakhungu ndi mbiri yakale.

Ambiri a nkhani analengedwa mu nthawi Edo ndi nthawi Meiji, kotero pang'ono bwino kwa anthu masiku ano anafotokoza miyambo mlendo, njira ya moyo ndi mavuto. Mogwirizana ndi zisudzo ambiri rakugo kulemba nkhani satirical pa magazini atsopano okha.

Wina mtundu wanyimbo ose ankaona manzai. Izi kukambirana azithunzithunzi, inayambira ulaliki miyambo Chaka Chatsopano, limodzi ndi kuyimba, kuvina ndi kumachita za sewero lanthabwala zithunzi. Pang'onopang'ono manzai m'gulu zinthu za slapstick, nyimbo ndi Mitundu ina kuti anamuika kwambiri otchuka ndipo analola kuti pa TV.

Zisudzo ose zikukambidwa ndipo Mitundu nanivabusi (a mtundu wa ballad) ndi Code (luso kuwerenga). Codan ndi nkhani, ozikidwa pa ntchito aluso woyendayenda. Mutu yoyambirira ya nkhani (nkhondo ya Kale) kukodzedwa, ndipo amaphatikiza mikangano banja, milandu oweruza, kunapezeka kuti zochitika za ndale, liwuli zachilendo pa moyo wa nzika wamba. Komabe, si onse mitu amalimbikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu. zisudzo nthawi zambiri ngakhale choletsedwa.

Chidule

Traditional Japanese Theatre - osiyanasiyana ndi zovuta dziko amene zinthu ndi zisudzo, oimba, masks, zokongoletsa, zovala, zopakapaka, zidole, kuvina. Zonsezi ndipamene wapadera ndi unrepeatable mwachinsinsi dziko la Japanese ed luso.