Umisiri Environmental. Vuto la kuwonongeka kwa malo. Mmene munthu pa chikhalidwe

Aliyense akudziwa kuti munthu wa mavuto ambiri pachimake mavuto anthu a lero ndi kuwononga chilengedwe chathu. Izi lathu wapeza kumveka mu asayansi, kukambirana izo, ndipo ambiri a atolankhani.

Chibwenzi, olengedwa ndi kuthamanga ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, amene zochitika umalimbana kulimbana ndi Kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto onse zachilengedwe. Asayansi akuchenjeza, ndi kuchenjeza anthu za kuyandikira kwa ngozi zoopsa zachilengedwe.

Ndipo lero, tikukhala kuipitsa mutu ndi chimodzi mwa zomwe zakambidwa. Iye anali nkhani ya mabuku ambiri ndi zokhudza sayansi. Komabe, ngakhale kuti khama, funso la chikhalidwe cha kuipitsidwa amakhalabe zogwirizana ndi zofunika. Aichedwetse kalekale Sikuti. Masoka zachilengedwe ndi osadalirika ndipo akhoza kukhala tsoka lalikulu kwa dziko lathuli.

Mbiri ya kuipitsa

Vuto la kuteteza chikhalidwe amanditenga anthu lero si chatsopano. Ngakhale m'nyengo ya anthu wosazindikira anthu barbarously anawononga nkhalango, anapha nyama, m'madera osiyanasiyana malo kuti apeze chuma chamtengo wapatali ndi kulenga olimapo. Kale mu masiku amenewo ntchito ngati kumathandiza kuti kusintha kwa nyengo komanso zina mavuto a zachilengedwe.

Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu pa dziko, ndi patsogolo chitukuko anthu timauma kuchotsa mchere ndi kukhetsa madzi. Mmene munthu pa chikhalidwe kukula luso la zopangapanga. Iwo osati amalembedwa nyengo yatsopano ya zinthu zokhudza, koma andzesera yoweyula watsopano Mankhwala oipitsa achilengedwe.

Monga sayansi chitukuko cha anthu ali nawo manja awo pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ntchito zimene mungathe kupanga mayeso ndi Khadili molondola boma chilengedwe lathuli. Ndipo kufunika kwa nkhani imeneyi chinatsimikizira malipoti modetsa nkhawa nyengo, zomwe mungamapeze polojekitiyi wa mankhwala zikuchokera nthaka, madzi ndi mpweya, komanso zithunzi Kanema. The kungasokoneze chilengedwe ndi kusuta chimneys wa mafakitale ndi mumapezeka mafuta anapanga pa pamwamba pa madzi. Ndi kukula kwa vuto technosphere yosungira zachilengedwe ndi mofulumira likuipiraipira. Palibe zodabwitsa zazikulu chilengedwe ngoziyo kwa dziko lathu amatchedwa maonekedwe kwambiri a munthu.

magwero a kuipitsa

Kuonetsetsa luso moyo munthu amakakamizidwa ntchito. Iye umabala madzi kuti mpesawo chakudya ndi ntchito yopanga. Zofunikira pa moyo wa munthu ndi chakudya. Iwo ayenera kukula, kutulutsa ndi ndondomeko. Cholinga cha zina zonse zochitika munthu lili kuthetsa zosowa zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku mu zovala ndi nyumba. Izi zikuchitidwa ndi m'zigawo ndi processing mchere ndi zachilengedwe, ikuchitika mayendedwe awo ndi kutumiza, mphamvu amapangidwa.

Munthu nthawi zonse akumenyana osati kwa moyo komanso kusintha khalidwe lake. Ndi zambiri malo ake, kutsogolera nkhondo choopsa kufufuza m'mlengalenga, ndi chinkhoswe mu sayansi ndi zina zotero. D.

Onse a mitundu pamwamba pa zochita za anthu - ichi sichina, monga yaikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa dziko lathu. Pambuyo chifukwa awo ndi zikamera wa zinyalala zoweta ndi mafakitale.

Magwero a kuwononga chilengedwe ali m'magulu malinga ndi madera okhudzidwa kupanga. The owopsa kwa dziko lathuli ndi m'zigawo za mafuta ndi gasi, makampani mankhwala, zitsulo, mphamvu, ulimi ndi zoyendera. Ndipo m'badwo wa zinyalala si kumapeto kwa kayendedwe ka ulimi. Zinthu zikhoza uwononge dzikoli, ndipo amatuluka pa ndondomekoyi.

Nthawi zina amawononga ndipo amakhala oopsa kwa chilengedwe. Pa yosungirako zawo zolakwika, zipangizo, ndi pakalibe chithandizo, iwo kukhala gwero la mpweya zoipa.

Kafukufuku zinthu zachilengedwe

Masiku ano, anthu amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe patsogolo sayansi ndi luso mu njira ya mavuto a zachilengedwe. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kukhathamiritsa ndi kusintha kwa zipangizo chopulumutsa ndi njira zachilengedwe-wochezeka kupanga, chilengedwe cha ulimi zinyalala ndi ntchito yaikulu kachitidwe makope madzi. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu nkhani iyi akumveka ziyenera a chilengedwe. Zimakhala zotheka pamaziko a deta analandira machitidwe kulamulira mpweya zoipa zinthu anthu a chilengedwe ndi mkhalidwe wa zinthu zachilengedwe. Cholinga cha ziyenera ngati ndi kuthekera kwa matenda oyambirira kusintha negative.

dongosolo Information za zowunika kupitirirabe ndi kusanthula wotsatira wa milingo kuipitsidwa ndi zotsatira chifukwa cha njira izi biosphere imatchedwa polojekiti. njirayi imakhala zinthu zitatu:

- kuonerera;
- kuwunika chikhalidwe;
- Mapa ayenera kusintha.

M'mene polojekiti ikuyendera zachilengedwe ikuchitika polojekiti zonse zachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, nyama ndi zomera. Pankhaniyi, deta kulola ife kudziwa mthupi mwawo, komanso njira zimene zimachitika chifukwa munthu ikuchitika zingakhudzire chilengedwe.

Chifukwa, ofufuza ankachititsa polojekiti zachilengedwe amapereka kuwerengetsa zonse zikhalidwe za chilengedwe zimene munthu amakhala ndi moyo zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso zinthu (nyama, zomera, tizilombo ndi zina zotero. D.). Anatsimikiza kusanthula izi ndi mtengo zinchito zinthu zachilengedwe. Komanso, ngati pali vuto lililonse la kuwonongeka kwa malo, ndi zachilengedwe atsimikiziridwa zochita anthu kukonza kuti ziyenera kuchitika kusintha mkhalidwe wa chirengedwe.

Komabe, chigawo chachikulu cha polojekiti ndi kuwunika boma la chilengedwe. Kudziwa makhalidwe anasankhidwa ndi zizindikiro za chikhalidwe cha zinthu ndi kuzindikira maganizo awo mwamsanga. Deta analandira amatilola funso "Kodi mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe?".

Mitundu ya miyeso zachilengedwe

Kodi njira yothetsera mavuto a zachilengedwe? Choyamba, iwo akachita kwambiri pochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Mu lingaliro ili, ndilo dzina chidule cha POM, muli mitundu yonse ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana anthu, amene umalimbana kuchotsa ndi kuchepetsa kungasokoneze chilengedwe. Pansi malangizo amenewa, komanso kumvetsa motetezera, kasamalidwe ndi kusintha kwa chuma m'munsi mwa dziko. Pa mitundu chomwecho matekinoloje zachilengedwe ndi izi:

- yomanga ndi ntchito detoxifying ndi chithandizo maofesi;
- chitukuko cha ulimi ndi kupanga ndondomeko sanali zinyalala ndi otsika zinyalala;
- mayikidwe a magalimoto ndi mabizinesi, kutenga nkhani zofunika aliyense zachilengedwe;
- polimbana kukokoloka kwa nthaka;
- m'dziko reclamation;
- zomveka kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana mchere ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi zambiri.

Cholinga cha miyeso kuteteza chilengedwe

Kodi kuphatikiza mfundo mosiyanasiyananso monga "kupanga" ndi "malo"? umisiri Environmental - ichi ndi chinsinsi chachikulu kwa akutulukira pa dziko kusasamala malo athu.

ntchito yawo cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa:

- kugwilizana ndi zofunika zolimbana anayamba boma la chilengedwe, amene ali mwa zofuna za anthu thanzi ndi kuganizira kusintha nthawi yaitali chifukwa kusintha zaziwerengero ndi chitukuko cha gawo yopanga;
- kupeza zotsatira pazipita zachuma ntchito bwino chuma mchere ndi ndalama.

Chitetezo cha m'mlengalenga

Taganizirani njira zoyambirira za kuthetsa mavuto a zachilengedwe, wokhala mu ntchito ya umisiri wochezeka.

mabizinezi Industrial, osauka miyeso kuteteza m'mlengalenga, koposa zonse, anatsimikiza mtima:

- magwero a umuna zinthu zoipa;
- kuchuluka ndi zikuchokera mpweya;
- mpweya misinkhu mu woopsawo zinthu m'madera madyaidya ndikuledzera;
- MPE zoipa mpweya m'mlengalenga.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kumwedwa kapena kuti njira zamakono kuchepetsa mavuto pa mlengalenga ndi tanthauzo la ndalama zofunika mpweya-kuyeretsa ndi zida fumbi deta.

Kuyeretsa madzi zinyalala

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono chilengedwe, ndipo zimenezi zimakhudza dera la mafakitale. mabizinezi madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kulandira chithandizo ndi zipangizo zapadera. Only mu nkhani iyi ndi chiwonongeko kapena kuchotsa zinthu izi oopsa amene muyenera kugwa mu matupi madzi malinga ndi mfundo applicable malamulo.

Pali njira ziwiri za kuyeretsa woteroyo - yotayikitsa, regenerative. Woyamba wa zinthu zimenezi woopsawo zili ntchito mkombero lotsiriza la madzi anawonongedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana mankhwala kapena physico-mankhwala (kuchepetsa, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, etc.). Izi zimachititsa kudzitsitsa zinthu zimene kuchotsedwa monga mpweya kapena mpweya.

Pamene ndondomeko n'kubadwanso zinyalala madzi anabwerera kuzungulira kupanga izo ntchito yopanga wina kapena kuwadula zigawo ili mmenemo. Similar luso zachilengedwe n'kopanda ngati zinthu zake zakhudzana madzi, anakhala mafuta kapena mafuta, ndi polyblends zosiyanasiyana.

Kutaya zinyalala

Vuto la kuipitsidwa sangathe kuthetsedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zachilengedwe kwa deta, chiwonongeko ndi kutaya zosiyanasiyana zinthu zosafunika. Pa nthawi yomweyo ankachitira zinyalala si mafakitale kupanga komanso zoweta olimba. A vuto makamaka pachimake m'mizinda ndi malo mafakitale.

ndi umisiri zachilengedwe kuthetsa vuto lenileni n'chiyani? Njirazi ndi monga:

- kuchepetsa voliyumu ya zinyalala;
- kukonzanso ntchito za chuma zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikuchokera zinyalala olimba;
- kuyatsa zinyalala woopsawo;
- mayikidwe a zinyalala olimba landfills wapadera, kumene iwo adzakhala nthawi yaitali yosungirako (mu nkhani ya kukhalapo mu zikuchokera awo zinthu woopsawo).

luso otsika zinyalala

Lero, njira akupeza kwambiri mofulumira ndondomeko kusintha. Makampani umabala nambala yaikulu njira zovuta ndi makina, wopangidwa mwa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. mndandanda lawo kumaphatikizapo zitsulo akakhala ndi sanali akakhala, matabwa, pulasitiki galasi, labala ndi nsanganizo. Pankhaniyi, moyo wa zida amenewa watsimikiza kuwonongeka kwake. Iye mwamsanga zimasintha. N'chifukwa chake koposa mwaukadaulo mankhwala phokoso ndi zipangizo ndi pa dambo la. Komabe, chuma ichi yaiwisi zothandiza kwambiri polenga njira yatsopano. Ndipo pano kupeza malo umisiri zachilengedwe monga chilengedwe cha utuluke cyclical zakuthupi.

A malangizo zingamuthandize mu nkhani iyi ndi kum'kulitsa kupanga ntchito luso sanali zinyalala. Mu njira imeneyi kupanga mankhwala kupeza ntchito njira zamakono awo zachilengedwe ndi mphamvu yopulumutsa. Izi zimathandiza kusunga uziyenda wabwinobwino wa chilengedwe mogwirizana ndi kukhudza kochepa pa iye.

A ambiri ulimi wamakono ejects gawo zinyalala yawo mu mlengalenga ndi madzi. Komabe, amene amapita m'mlengalenga, palinso lofunika wothandizira chuma. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono chilengedwe, inu kusankha item ankafuna. The ntchito kwambiri wofuna, amene adzalola kuti vutoli - kugwiritsa ntchito yopanga zinyalala ngati zipangizo zopangira. Izi kwambiri kuchepetsa madzi, olimba ndi gaseous mpweya ndi effluents.

Ubale ndi Energy

Mkhalidwe zofunika kwa kuteteza umisiri lathuli zachilengedwe zili mu mphamvu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti makampani a zovuta ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu za zotsatira zoipa zachilengedwe.

Gawo la mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta ndi unazunguliridwa mu:

- kupanga processing ndi yonyamula mafuta;
- kupanga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a magetsi komanso kutentha;
- mayendedwe ndi processing zinyalala ndi akanagwiritsa ntchito.

Mu onse masitepe pamwamba ndi lonse ndondomeko unyolo njira inakula. Ndipo ali ndi mbali yaikulu pa chikhalidwe cha aliyense wa mayunitsi. Choncho, ndi mpweya chidwi mpweya amapangidwa kuchokera ku migodi lalikulu malasha. Pamene izi flagged m'mlengalenga wa carbon dioxide ndi fumbi, oxides asafe ndi poizoni. Onse zinthu izi ndizo zotsatira za kabotolo ndi magalimoto ntchito zoyendayenda.

Wachisoni zimakhudza chilengedwe ndipo ali zochita TPP. Kutentha kwa iwo anatentha mafuta ndi mafuta mafuta, malasha ndi peat, ndi nkhuni zinyalala. Choncho mu chikhalidwe cha poizoni ndi mankhwala woopsawo.

ndi umisiri zachilengedwe ntchito zovuta chiyani? mavuto pa chilengedwe yafupika ndi:

- amaika kuyeretsedwa kachitidwe;
- kukhathamiritsa njira pamisinkhu onse kupanga magetsi komanso kutentha;
- optionally mafuta ndi organic;
- kukonza utsi mipweya;
- umuna zinthu woopsawo mu mlengalenga ndi madzi.

Bwino mphamvu ndi chitetezo chilengedwe zovuta ndi zotheka ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira pamisinkhu zonse zitatu za ntchito yake.

Pomaliza

Mu mbiri ya biosphere wakhala kwambiri ya chipwirikiti. Kwa zaka biliyoni zinayi, chimatha zotsatira zoipa zomwe zinachitika pa kuphulika kwa wamphamvu kugwa chiphala cha meteorites lalikulu, ndi zina zotero D. Biosphere anatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa polojekiti mu ayezi ndi oledenevshey Earth, kuwola ndi merging a m'maiko, etc.. Pa nthawi yomweyo nthawi zonse zinachitika ziziyenda chilengedwe, umene anali malire a kuvomereza kwa moyo.

Zikuoneka kuti kale anthu ena kuvulala owononga chilengedwe zomwe izo basi anadula. Mitundu iyi zinatha konse anawonekera kachiwiri. Masiku ano, malamulo amenewa mukugwirizana munthu. Ngati apitiriza amakhulupirira kuti dziko n'chofunikira lalikulu, adzakhala kulimbikitsa njira ya tsoka zachilengedwe, ndipo akhoza kutha monga mitundu-wowonongayo. Komabe, izi zikhoza kupewedwa ngati pofuna kukwaniritsa ntchito za anthu molingana ndi biosphere mfundo chitukuko, kudalira malamulo odziwika bwino zimapangidwira, sayansi ndi zamoyo.