Yak-9: makhalidwe ndi poyerekeza ndi analogues

Yak-9 - womenya-yoponya mabomba, ndi wosindikiza Soviet Union kuchokera mu 1942 mpaka 1948. Iwo anayamba kupanga ndi mamembala a Tupolev Design Bureau nakhala kwambiri chachikulu Soviet womenya pa nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kupanga pafupifupi 17,000 makope zinamangidwa. Lero tiona mmene chifukwa cha makhalidwe chitsanzo ichi wakhala bwino.

Mbiri ya Yak-9 womenya

ndege Ichi chinali chifukwa cha Yak-7 wamakono ndi zambiri chakale Yak-1. Kwa kamangidwe, ndi bwino Baibulo la Yak-7. Kunja, ndi Yak-9 pafupifupi zofanana ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo, koma mwinamwake ndi changwiro choposa. Polenga opanga ndege opareshoni pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zinachitikira kupanga ndi kuphana masuku pamutu wa Yak-1 chitsanzo. Komanso, pa nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa munthu opanga latsopano ndege ndi mwayi onse ntchito duralumin osati pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, pamene makampani Soviet ndi chofunika nkhaniyi. Kugwiritsa duralumin kupereka kuchepetsa kapangidwe misa. Anapambana makilogalamu akatswiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera mafuta okwanira, unsembe wa zida zamphamvu zambiri kapena zambiri osiyanasiyana zipangizo zina zapadera.

Womenya Yak-9 anali mthandizi wokhulupirika Soviet Air Force pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mu 1944, makina lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito Mabaibulo angapo ndipo patsogolo chiwerengero cha magazini ozimitsa onse amene nthawi mu utumiki Soviet Union. Tangoganizani pa Novosibirsk chiwerengero chomera 153 patsiku kubala 20 ndege awa! Kuwonjezera ogwira ntchito imeneyi, womenya akupangidwa ku Moscow mbewu № 82 Omsk mbewu № 166.

ndegeyo nawo ntchito zonse za Soviet Air Force, kuyambira ndi Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Mabaibulo onse womenya (ndipo panali kwambiri) anali kuthawa kwambiri ndi makhalidwe luso ndi zinkasonyeza vuto lililonse ntchito kuti ngozi. Pankhaniyi, kapangidwe ndege anali lophweka ndi kusinthidwa kupanga mofulumira nkhondo. Pafupifupi onse zipangizo kwa kupanga chopangidwa pamalo msonkhano.

kamangidwe

Origin Yak-9 womenya analandira galimoto M ndi wononga-105PF VISH-61P. The zinachitika kwa pempheroli anali ngati Yak-7DI. Kusiyana waukulu pakati pa chitsanzo watsopano kuchokera kalambulabwalo ndi: kuchuluka kwa mafuta, yafupika ku 500 makilogalamu 320; chiwerengero cha akasinja mafuta, yafupika pa 4 ndi 2; mafuta yafupika 50 kuti makilogalamu 30; pakalibe bomba poyimitsa mabomba kunja kuyimitsidwa.

Ku maganizo a zida, Yak-9 sanali amasiyana kuloŵedwa m'malo, wina ShVAK mfuti ndi mfuti imodzi WCD. Chifukwa mfundo otsika kupanga ndi ulamuliro zochepa kuyeza zokolola siriyo la ndegeyo, poyerekeza amasulidwe wodziwa zambiri, ndege kulemera chitsanzo kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 2870-2875.

Soviet womenya Yak-9 anayendetsera bwino ndipo zinali zosavuta ntchito. Mu nkhondo pa verticals iye amakhoza kupita mchira wa mdani Mu-109F kwenikweni pambuyo nayenso poyamba. Mu nkhondo pa horizontals kuti mchitidwe wofanana zinali zokwanira 3-4 motsatana.

M'chaka cha 1943, chifukwa cha kusowa chitukuko cha luso kupanga magalimoto angapo pa ndege anathyola pomangira matabwa a mapiko a. zopindika amenewa inathetsedwa monga iwo kudzera mwa magulu apadera a akatswiri. Kupanga za zosintha ina ya Yak-9 womenya, ndemanga ya lopatsidwa pansipa, vuto kwathunthu inathetsedwa.

nkhondowo opareshoni

Woyamba Yak-9 omenyana anamasulidwa kutsogolo kumapeto kwa 1942 ndipo anatenga gawo mu nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Mu 1943, pamene woyamba misa makontena, anatulukira zingapo zolakwika zimene inathetsedwa ndi oyeretsa yokonza pamaso pa Kursk nkhondo - woyamba, imene omenyana chitsanzo cha ntchito nambala yaikulu. Kumayambiriro a nkhondo Yak-9, kuwonjezera pa Yak-1 ndi Yak-7 ntchito 5 womenya magulu ndege, mmodzi amene anali alonda. Kumapeto kwa July 1943 pa Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi anabwera 11 Air Corps, imene inali regiments atatu a Yak-9.

Ngakhale woyamba mlengalenga nkhondowo, zinadziwika kuti Yak-9 bwino kulamulidwa ndi zikulimbikitsa, koma liwiro ndi armament iye kuzilandira ndege BF 109G ndi Fw 190A.

Baibulo la Yak-9T analandira Mkhalidwe apamwamba kuposa m'munsi ku mawonedwe zida. Monga Kafukufuku amasonyeza-Yak 9 ntchito pa wina kugonjetsedwa pafupifupi mdani ndege likungosonyeza projectiles 20 147 mm, ndi Yak-9T - 37 31 mm projectile. Mmodzi wa regiments woyamba anali zida Yak-9T anali 133rd GIAP. Ndege, onyamula 37 millimeter Cannon, yagwiritsidwa ntchito bwinobwino ngakhale ndi magalimoto mdani oti muli nazo zida ndi zombo.

Ntchito womenya ndege nkhondo yeniyeni Yak-9 anasonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kotunga mafuta nthawi zambiri kosathandiza. Owonjezera mafuta ndi ballast kuti ali ndi zotsatira zoipa survivability za makina. Choncho cantilever akasinja zambiri anatseka ndi mapulagi. Komabe, panali kufunika kuonjezera ndege osiyanasiyana mu nkhani zina nkhondo. Choncho, mu August 1944, gulu la 12 ndege Baibulo la Yak-9DD limodzi ndi ndege katundu ku Italy ku Yugoslavia. Komanso, Yak-9DD waleredwa Barizilai anaperekeza zoponya mabomba mu "Frentik" kugwira ntchito mu 1944.

Popeza December 1944 Yak-9b chitsanzo anamenyera mu 130 TH Wankhondo Division, ntchito pansi pa Chachitatu Byelorussian Front. A mkulu-nyamuka Yak-9PD anatitumiza ku mbali manja Moscow VOP. Mu October 1944 anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa nkhondo Yak-9U Wankhondo - analowa utumiki ndi 163rd Wankhondo Regiment, kugwira ntchito mu Baltic States. The ndege ikusonyezera lakuthwa nkhondowo angathe kukula chitsanzo Yak-9. Patangotha miyezi iwiri ya kuyesedwa, iye anamenya nkhondo 18, kuwombera pansi 28 womenya Fw 190A ndi chimodzi BF 109G. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali awiri okha otaika Soviet makina.

Pamene Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo wadutsa mu gawo lomaliza, ndi womenya Yak-9, makhalidwe amene nthawi zonse bwino, ndi limodzi mwa omenyana waukulu Soviet. zithandiza kuti anapitiriza kumayambiriro zaka unawonongedwa. Mu September 1946, pa chitsanzo ndege Yak-9 nkhani 31% ya kapangidwe wa USSR womenya ndege. Nkhondo itatha, zosintha osiyanasiyana la ndegeyo kuti ntchito mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma 1960. Kuwonjezera pa Air Force ndi panyanja ndege ya USSR, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito mwa mphamvu anagwirizana. M'chaka cha 1943 Yak-9 Yak-9D analowa utumiki wa French Regiment "Normandy". Mu September chaka chotsatira izo kunditumiza ku chipani womenya Bulgaria, amene anagwirizana ndi odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. Mu kugwa kwa 1945 lachitsanzo Yak-9M ndi Yak-9T ntchito ndi mpweya mphamvu Polish ku Poland ndi kumpoto Germany. Komanso, ndege la chitsanzo ataima pa mikono Chinese, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Korea North ndi Albania.

Yak-9: zofunika

Achidule a ndege mu 1942 anali ndi makhalidwe awa:

1. Utali - 8.5 m.
2. Mapiko SPAN - 9,74 m.
3. Mapiko Area - 17,15 mamita ^2.
4. Katundu zenizeni pa mapiko a - 167 makilogalamu / mamita ^2.
5. kulemera kanthu za ndege - 2277 kg.
6. Tengani-kuchokera kulemera - makilogalamu 2873.
7. Njinga mphamvu - 1180 L. a.
8. Katundu zenizeni za mphamvu za - 2,43 makilogalamu / l. a.
9. Liwiro pa nyanja - 520 Km / h.
10. Liwiro pazipita pa okwera - 599 Km / h.
11. anapereka kutalika 5 Km - 5.1 min.
12. unakhota nthawi - 15-17.
13. Othandiza denga - 11.100 m.
14. Othandiza osiyanasiyana - 875 Km.
15. Armament - 1x20 mamilimita ShVAK, 1h12,7 mamilimita UBS.

zosintha

M'mbiri zake, Yak-9 analandira ambiri zosintha. Luso kusinthidwa zosiyanasiyana mtundu ndi makina cholinga nkhondowo anakhala mbali yake yaikulu. The ndege anali 22 zosintha lalikulu, 15 amene anapita zino. Pa ntchito womenya anamaliza ndi mitundu isanu zosagwiritsa, akasinja mafuta embodiments asanu, dongosolo embodiments asanu manja ndi mitundu iwiri ya zipangizo zina zapadera. Womenya awiri mwapadera Chrixitu mitundu phiko: wosanganiza ndi zonse zitsulo. Mabaibulo onse kupatula Yak-9 womenya m'munsi, Kuwulura umene Takambirana kale, anali ndi index wapadera. Tiyeni Dziŵani zosintha zazikulu za womenya lodziwika bwino.

Yak-9D

kusinthidwa amasiyana kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 480 a kundipatsako kwa mafuta. ndegeyo ali okonzeka ndi anayi m'malo awiri mafuta akasinja: awiri muzu ndi awiri kutonthoza. Ndi njira, ndege ake osiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa 1400 Km. kusinthidwa The anapangidwa kuchokera March 1943 kuti May 1944. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi conveyor anatsika makope 3068.

Yak-9T

Mu kusinthidwa ichi, 20 mamilimita Cannon m'malo ndi mfuti 37 mm ndi zipolopolo projectiles 30. Chifukwa chakuti chida latsopano ndi wautali, ndi cockpit atamusamutsa kumbuyo ndi masentimita 40. Lachitsanzo anapangidwa kuchokera m'chaka cha 1943 kuti dzinja 1945. makope 2748 tapangidwa kwa nthawi ino.

Yak-9K

Baibulo limeneli lili ndi 45 millimeter mfuti NS-45. Pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu mmene, 7ts chigawo, mbiya anaika pa kuipanikiza ananyema. Komabe, pamene kuwombera pa mkulu kufulumizitsa ndege anatembenuka, ndi katswiri inagwedezeka amphamvu. Okonza amalangiza kuwombera bursts lalifupi akatemera atatu. Chachiwiri ananyoza Yak-9K anali yolemera makilogalamu 5,53. Mu nthawi kuchokera April kuti June 1944 53 ndege la Baibulo chinalengedwa. Mu chimango cha mayesero asilikali anachita 51 nkhondo, kumenya 8 ndege FW-190A-8 and 4 ndege BF-109G. Pankhaniyi, imfa anakwana womenya chimodzi chokha. Mu ndege imodzi downed pafupifupi anali zipolopolo 10 45 mamilimita Cannon. Chifukwa chosowa kudalirika kwa kuŵeta zida wakhala si kusintha.

Yak-9TK

The ndege la Baibulo uyu dongosolo analimbitsa ena mayunitsi, komanso wogwirizana chapakati mfuti ogwiritsa dongosolo amene amalola m'malo zipangizo m'munda. Womenya anapangidwa mu theka lachiwiri la 1943.

Yak-9M

ndegeyo ndi chitukuko cha Yak-9D chitsanzo ndi fuselage wa chitsanzo Yak-9T. Komanso, Baibulo ili angapo a akamapemphera. Makhalidwe ndege aerobatic ndipo sanali amasiyana Yak-9D. Koma kumapeto kwa 1944, ndege anakhazikitsa amphamvu kwambiri injini VK-105PF-2, imene Nthawi zambiri liwiro ndi mlingo wa kukwera. Yak-9M wakhala imodzi magalimoto wotchuka kwambiri chitsanzo osiyanasiyana Yak-9 omenyana. Photos ndege ichi sanathe kupeza aliyense amene ali Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. A okwana makope 4239 zinalembedwa.

Yak-9C

The ndege inamangidwa zochokera Yak-9M ndinapeza injini chomwecho. Mosiyana achidule Analeredwa, kuphatikizapo 23 millimeter mfuti NS 23 ndi awiri synchronous 20 millimterovyh mfuti BS-20C. Chifukwa cha zotsatira osagwira mayesero boma mu 1945, chitsanzo anali konse mu kupanga siriyo.

Yak-9DD

Mu 1944, chitsanzo inamangidwa Lachiwiri-2, chifukwa kutsatira zomwe chuma kosakwanira ngakhale Yak-9D. Komanso, Soviet Union zofunika ndege, ndege osiyanasiyana amene adzalola kuti agwire ntchito nkhondowo molumikizana ndi ndege odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. A chitsanzo abwino anali Yak-9DD. Unsembe 8 phiko akasinja chawonjezeka ndi mafuta mphamvu chitsanzo kuti makilogalamu 630. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi kulankhulana zida anali kusinthidwa kuti pakhale bata pa maulendo ataliatali mu sinali bwino nyengo.

Zolemba malire osiyanasiyana Yak-9DD ndege 1800 Km. Koma sikelo yake inali umboni kwa kalasi ya ndege - 3390 kg. Zida zankhondo womenya anali muyezo banja la Yak - Cannon likungosonyeza wa mamilimita 20 ndi 12,7 mamilimita likungosonyeza mfuti. Yak-9DD ntchito ndithu ambiri.

Kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1944 gulu la ndege 20 anapita kwa m'munsi a m'mayikowo, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mzinda wa ku Italy wa Bari kuti azithandiza zoyendera ndege Lamulungu 47, amene akukamba katundu kuti Yugoslavia. Monga mbali wasamuka ndi zinachitikadi ndege kutalika 1,300 Km, ndi mbali yaikulu ya mtunda anadutsa m'dera lawo. gulu yapanga 150 sorties, zomwe, ngakhale kusowa zosimba ndege mdani, anali kwambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pamene Lamulungu 47 ndege ankafika ndi katundu anachita, kutsatira omenyana kuyembekezera ndege kuti chinabwera. Pakuti nthawi zonse ntchito ndege sanali mayina kulephera umodzi.

Yak-9P

Tinanyamuka-osiyanasiyana reconnaissance, amene isiyana achidule wa Yak-9, makhalidwe amene ife tikudziwa kale, pamaso pa kamera mlengalenga mu chipinda ufulu. chipangizo Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti adzaponya mivi kuchokera pamwamba mamita 300 3000. Baibulo lachiwiri la kusinthidwa izi zinali zochokera Yak-9D. Iye sanangokhala nako zida chifukwa reconnaissance, koma iye anali oposa mbali mkulu-chatekinoloje wonse. Yak-9P zinalembedwa zedi ang'ono ndi ntchito m'madera kufufuza ndi ndege zina zinali zovuta kapena interfaced ndi chiopsezo kwambiri.

I-9b

Womenya-yoponya mabomba Yak-9b inamangidwa pa maziko chitsanzo 9D. Mu malo kumbuyo cockpit izo okonzeka bomba Bay ongokhala mipope anayi, amene angathe akomere anayi 100 yolemera bomba kapena matepi anayi uliwonse uli 32 odana chokhala bomba. yoponya mabomba mayesero inayamba mu March 1944. Malinga ndi zotsatira za sorties, ndi Yak-9b anawononga akasinja 29, 22 oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula, magalimoto 1014, 161 sitima galimoto nyumba okwerera 20 g / D, 7 mfuti 18 sitima ndi 4 omwetsera mafuta. Okwana wa mabizinezi Soviet opangidwa 109 zoponya mabomba amenewa.

Yak-9PD

Izi interceptor ndi galimoto-105PD M, supercharger ndi chinawonjezeka ndi theka wingspan mita. Othandiza denga Baibulo ili ndi 13 100 Km. Mu 1943, zochokera Yak-9 5 magalimoto awa inalembedwa, ndipo mu 1944, zochokera Yak-9U - 30.

Yak-9U

Kumapeto kwa 1943, analengedwa olimbana ziwiri pansi pa chikhazikitso Yak-9U: chimodzi okonzeka ndi galimoto M-107A, ndi zina - ndi M-105PF-2. Komanso, kapangidwe ndi aerodynamics wa Baibulo m'munsi wakhala bwino. Zida zankhondo zitsanzo onse anali kuperekedwa mfuti chapakati (likungosonyeza 23 mamilimita kwa womenya injini M-105PF-2 ndi likungosonyeza 20 mamilimita kuti Baibulo ndi galimoto M-107A) ndi awiri a 12,7 millimterovyh mfuti. Zotsatira za mayesero mu Institute Air Force, ndi zosinthika ndi mota M-107A chimatengedwa ngati zabwino ozimitsa amene anayesedwa konse. Mu April 1944, kuŵeta la ndegeyo wakhazikitsidwa. Mu kugwa kwa 1944, pa mlandu miyezi iwiri mu 18 ndewu oyendetsa anawomberedwa pansi 27 FW-190A ndi 1 BF-109G. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali anataya omenyana awiri. Yekha sangathe kwambiri za makina anali gawo laling'ono la amagetsi.

Yak-9UT

Bwaloli Yak-9U ndi mikono mphamvu. ndegeyo anali okonzeka ndi mfuti zitatu izi: chapakati 37 mm ndi awiri 20 mm. Massa chachiwiri salvo wa womenya uyu anali pa nthawi umboni kwa USSR - 6 makilogalamu. Place pakati mfuti anali ogwirizana. Kuwonjezera chida 45 mm, izo zikanakhala zotheka kuwonjezera kulemera kwa ananyoza yachiwiri makilogalamu 9,3. Onse a ndege chosiyana ndi Yak-9U. Kwa miyezi 3 kupanga siriyo mzere khamu anachoka magazini 282. A pang'ono omenyana ndi anakwanitsa kutenga nawo mbali pa nkhondo yotsiriza ya nkhondo.

Yak-9 "Express"

Bwaloli ndi zoyendera ndege, chimene chiri mwa zinthu kutsogolo mukhoza kuchita zonyamula wina. Lachitsanzo wakhala ngati kaphatikizidwe pakati pa wapotalikira ndi womenya Yak-9DD ndi maphunziro ndege Yak-9b. Mu kanyumba kumbuyo, mmalo mwa lakutsogolo ndi amazilamulira anaikidwa yazokonza pansi pomangira. ndegeyo anali kupanga buku limodzi m'chilimwe cha 1944. Mu mndandanda, iye sanapite konse.

Yak-9P

The akweza Baibulo la Yak-9U, yodziwika ndi zambiri zipangizo zamakono kulankhulana ndi Chalk. Kupanga chitsanzo inayamba mu 1946 ndipo inatha mu 1948. A okwana ndege 801 zinalembedwa. Yak-9s anali atakonzekera ndi Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, China ndi Yugoslavia.

Pomaliza

Lero, ife anayang'ana pa lodziwika bwino ndege - ndi Yak-9 chithunzi bwino kwa mafani zambiri luso ndege. Ngakhale kuti lachitsanzo zinalengedwa ndi zaka zisanu zokha, iye anakhala wotchuka padziko lonse ndi kuteteza oposa khumi Soviet mizinda kwa adani mdani. Izi sayansi ndi wokongola ndege kuposa chaka adzakhala mafani zambiri malonda ndege monga mapepala khoma pa kompyuta yanu. Yak-9, umene uli mu dzanja lamanja akhoza kuwasandutsa mfuti wangwiro mpweya, anapanga zopereka zikuluzikulu zotsatira za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.