Volga mtsinje: zomera ndi nyama ya mtsinje, maonekedwe, zachilengedwe, chitetezo. Zomwe kuteteza Volga Mtsinje?

Volga - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro otchuka Russia, mtsinje waukulu si dziko, koma dziko lonse. Pa mtsinjewu anaikira moyo wa gawo Loona za dziko, magetsi ndi kwaiye ndi wamkulu ulimi zofunika mu Russia. Pano mukhoza kumasuka, nsomba ndi moyo mpaka kalekale, kumasangalala ndi chikhalidwe zazikulu.

lonse chidwi

Kutalika kwa mtsinje waukulu uwu - makilomita oposa 3500. Izo wakudya madzi 4 miliyoni a mzinda, oletsedwa okwerera mphamvu zinayi, anapereka dzina kwa dera lonse. Mu mtsinje waukulu kuposa 200 makhwawa ndi beseni ake ali ndi wachitatu wa dera la ku Ulaya la Russia. Wasefukira mwa nkhalango, steppes, mapiri ndi theka chipululu. Pa mapu a dziko limasonyeza kuti Volga mtsinje ukuyenda mwa nkhani 15 la Chitaganya cha. Zomera ndi nyama ya mtsinje ndi zosiyana-siyana: ndi meadows, komanso chozizwitsa chenicheni - m'minda zamaluwa, amene ankaona Biosphere Reserve ndi UNESCO. Mu floodplain wa Volga amalima mitundu yoposa 500 ya zomera, amene amafalitsidwa mabanja 82.

madera osiyana a mtsinje

Chifukwa utali wamkulu ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana mu magawo angapo salembedwa kugawidwa mu mtsinje wa Volga. Zomera ndi nyama ya mtsinje zosiyanasiyana ndithu.

Pa Upper Volga mtsinje, kumene mzinda wa Rzhev, Tver, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Kostroma ndi Nizhny Novgorod, 4 chongopeka analenga posungira. Onsewo inakhazikitsidwa pomanga zomera mphamvu opangira magetsi: Ivankovo, Uglich, Rybinsk ndi Gorky posungira.

Volga pakati

Mu gawo ili la mtsinje izo chililaka onse a Volga Uplands. Pano, iye mitsinje kugwa 4, yaikulu imene Oka. Ndipamene lalikulu posungira Cheboksary GES. Pa m'dera la phiri limayenda pa Volga-Don okulira mbali imodzi ya ndilo Volga Mtsinje. Zomera ndi nyama ya mtsinje kupanga steppe malo a malo awa. Ndi malo a bulauni chimbalangondo, agologolo ndi martens, wamba amphaka ndi polecat nayonso. Alenje kufunafuna pano grouse ndi capercaillie. nkhalango Local amafanana nayonso, mukhoza kuona mitengo wamphamvu paini iliyonse.

m'munsi Volga

Mu malire m'munsi wa Volga amalowa Kama, ndi mtsinje amakhala olemera kwambiri. Zhigulevsk opangira magetsi poyambirira pa Kuibyshev mosungiramo, mopitirira kumusi kwa mtsinjewo, mukhoza kuona Volgograd.

Pansipa Astrakhan amayamba malo apadera - ndi ankadziwana limene malo osungirako zachilengedwe, zomwe ndi wotchuka kwa mtsinje Volga. Nyama ndi zomera ndi mtsinje pa malo awa pansi chitetezo. ambiri zapansi nsomba chaka chonse nsomba ili apa. Apa, osati kuti akakole Nsombazi ndi amasirira ukuyanga zamaluwa, koma kusunga mu malo awo achilengedwe a zikovili, cranes Siberia ndi mphama.

boma madzi

Mtsinje amalandira madzi kuchokera kudera pafupifupi theka la miliyoni makilomita. Volga mtsinje mode zimatengera kumene pa nyengo. Zinamukhudza ndipo kusungunuka chisanu mvula. M'lifupi mwa mtsinje m'madera ena mpaka mamita 2500. Mozama pa mbali yaing'ono asagwe pansipa 2.5 m. Apa ndi kulongosola kwa mtsinje wa Volga. Koma izo sizinali nthawi zonse: kumanga madamu kuti zonse milingo madzi pa miyala akhoza kukhala masentimita 30.

Ice amayikidwa mu mochedwa November - oyambirira December, ndi Volga mtsinje boma. Chiyambi cha navigation ndi pa chiyambi cha April ndi ayezi kutsegula mu Astrakhan - March. Chete ndi yosalala otaya mtsinje akubwera ku Nyanja Caspian.

mbali

Mu mtundu wa kusanja dziko mitsinje yaitali Volga ali 16 TH malo, koma Ulaya alibe wolingana. Kudzera pa Volga-Don Ngalande izo zikugwirizana Nyanja Black ndi Nyanja ya Azov, ndi nyanja ya Baltic ndi njira yomweyo. Nyanja White, Severodvinsk chikugwirizana kudzera maukonde mtsinje.

Otsetsereka waterway ndi zazing'ono - mamita 256 okha onse pamodzi. Khalidwe lalikulu la mitsinje (Volga) mu otaya mathamangidwe ake a madzi yotereyi 1 mita pa mphindi. Paola ku malo osiyana a mtsinje chililaka ku makilomita 2 mpaka 6. zizindikiro zimenezi kulola kukula mitundu yonse ya zomera ndi nyama.

The index "chitonthozo" mtsinje wa pakati zamoyo - mlamba. Alipidwa kulemera kwa nsomba - mpaka makilogalamu 400 (nthawi zina), koma pali akatswiri, masekeli matani asanu.

Mtsinje Volga: gwero ndi pakamwa

The mtsinje otchuka akuyamba ndi mtsinje wina waung'ono pafupi ndi mudzi wokamba lotchedwa Volga-Upper. mudzi lili ndi Valdai Hills, ndi kwapang'onopang'ono dogging yopemphereramo matabwa.

Malinga ndi ku Central Russian zomwe zili mtsinje ukuyenda bwino, ndipo potembenukira kum'mwera amapanga pafupi Urals. Ndiye anatumiza kwa Caspian otsika ndi kupereka madzi ake eponymous nyanja. The Volga Mtsinje - womwe ndi mtsinje chapakati dziko.

Iwo ali oposa 150 zikwi mitsinje mtsinje Volga. Gwero ndi m'kamwa mwa mtsinje - izi ndi katundu anthu enieni, amene kudyetsa midzi chinyezi ndi m'midzi. Pa madzi Volga ikukula chakudya kuti onse pa anthu kudutsa Russia.

Chotero nsomba zosiyana

Zimenezi zingakhale kulemba ndakatulo lonse, lomwe ndi kumva zimene asodzi. Mitundu ina ya nsomba moyo pano mpaka pamene ena amachokera ku Nyanja Caspian. Nsomba, bream, carp, chub, ruffe ndi buluu bream, woyera diso ndi roach, chub, nsomba ndi Grayling - okhala okhazikika mwa mtsinje. Kuyambira pano anachezeredwa ndi Nsombazi Caspian ndi woyera Nsombazi, nsomba woyera ndi hering'i.

The zosiyanasiyana nsomba dziko ikugwedezeka. Nsomba chabe amene amakhala apa ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 2.5. Izi pugolovka granular Kodi ankadziwika kwambiri ichthyologists. Koma pa Beluga, kukula kwa kutalika mamita 4, iwo amadziwa chilichonse. Za mtundu wa nsomba zimapezeka Volga Mtsinje, alemba mabuku ambiri ndi milozo.

Kumalo a, Zidamera zomera, kumene chete ambiri lonse, akuona carp wabwino. Mu Astrakhan moyo nsomba wofiira, nalemekeza Russia dziko lonse. Izi Nsombazi ndi stellate Nsombazi, munga ndi Nsombazi wotchuka. Volga hering'i ndi galasi carp - zosangalatsa zabwino kwa anthu am'deralo ndi alendo. Pakuti onse pofuna ntchito zapansi ambiri nsomba, mungapezeko kumuona zimene nsomba zimapezeka Volga.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

Pamwamba, amene amatenga mvula Volga ali 8% ya m'dziko la mbali European wa Russia. Ziwerengero zimatsimikizira kuti m'kamwa mwa mtsinje wa Volga akutchulidwa woyamba wa pamwamba mitsinje khumi wowonongeka. Ndithudi, moyo wa malo awa kugwirizana ndi Volga, komanso nkhosa pano zinyalala zonse. Ngati kuchuluka kwa zinyalala mafakitale amalowerera kudula, ndi osati wa bungwe zinyalala - mliri wa mtsinje. owonjezera Izi feteleza mankhwala ndi zina aukali yagwa ndi mvula.

Zomwe kuteteza Volga Mtsinje?

Aliyense amene amadziŵa bwino ndi mavuto a mtsinje, mu liwu limodzi kuti mavuto kwambiri zamoyo zonse kupanga chopangira mphamvu mphamvu. Iwo utuluke kwambiri ndipo madontho kuthamanga, zoipa zamoyo zonse. Akufa zomera, tadpoles ndi china chirichonse kuposa mtsinje moyo.

Mwa njira zimenezi ndi mmene osati kwa Volga. Izi ndi vuto lonse okhudza mitsinje yonse yaikulu mu mayiko olemera. nkhani A kupulumuka mu masamba chopangira mphamvu kusamalira maphunziro ndi akatswiri padziko lonse. misa ili laperekedwa kwa misonkhano ndi symposia.

Si kale, asayansi ku St. Petersburg anatulukira nzeru ndi yosavuta njira kupulumutsa zamoyo mu masamba chopangira mphamvu. Ofufuza apeza jekeseni pansi kufinya zina ndiponso kufunika ndende thovu wamba mpweya. Balloons kuyamwa kuthamanga kwambiri, centrifugal ndi magulu centripetal. anthu onse ang'ono kudutsa moyenera osakaniza madzi mpweya, sizisintha.

njira anatulukira, setifiketi ndi umisiri ndi yomveka. Koma mu njira ya kukhazikitsa moti khoma anaima akuluakulu kuthetsa kupanda chidwi si koma n'zotheka. Tikukhulupirira kuti lolingalira ndi kufuna moyo pa mtsinje moyo akadali apambane.

magombe wokondeka

Banks wa Volga ouziridwa ojambula zithunzi ndi ndakatulo mibadwo mibadwo. Analemba ndi zolembedwa zambiri wowerengeka nyimbo ndi ndakatulo ya mtsinje waukulu. Chintchito Stalingrad ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi Volga. Kuyambira pamenepo, munthu aliyense Russian amadziwa kuti Volga kumtunda kwa ife kumeneko. Nyimbo, mafilimu, zisudzo, mabuku - zonsezi anapereka dzina Russian Mtsinje. Nkhokwe ndi malo a zamasewela, m'matauni, m'midzi ndi midzi - zonsezi ndi wa Volga.

Mu ntchito zaluso ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi khalidwe la Russia. Moyo wa mtsinje, ndipo ngati munthu, ndi wowolowa manja, ndi kukoma mtima.

Today mtsinje wa Volga ndi mwachangu akupangidwa: midzi anamanga kanyumba ndi zomangamanga makono ndi lingaliro lalikulu la mtsinje.