Mitsinje Mbali: magawo zoyambirira

Pakali pano, palibe amene sangathe kunena mmene mitsinje dziko. Izi zidalira pa zimene tinganene kuti ngati mtsinje, ndipo - mtsinje. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu kuwonjezera kutalika kwa mitsinje yonse ku Russia, iwe makilomita oposa 8. Chiwerengero, ngati inu kuwerengera yaikuluikulu, kuyandikira okwana 2.5 miliyoni. mitsinje yaikulu padziko lonse salinso 50, ndi utali wonse ndi 200 000 Km. Koma chomwe izo ziri mu mtsinje umene uli gwero ndi pakamwa pa mtsinje?

Kufunika lawolawo la mtsinje

Mtsinje - ndi madzi mtsinje, chimene chimatichititsa mu mzere atathana ndi kudzadza makamaka chifukwa mpweya. Tisanafotokoze kumvetsa makhalidwe a mitsinje madzi oyera, muyenera kukumbukira mawu angapo ofunika:

• Zikuluzikulu - ndi kukulitsa, chimene ndizoonekeratu otaya madzi. Nthawi zambiri mapulani kumulowetsa mawonekedwe ndi alternating madera osaya komanso chozama. Chifukwa kusintha Hrs, kapena zinthu zina, mtsinje bedi zingasiyane, kusiya mabowo ndi chibowo. Mwachitsanzo, mu India pali mtsinje Kosi, izo pafupifupi chaka kupanga njira yake yatsopano, kutsuka pyonsene pya abwera njira yake.

• Gwero - ichi ndi chiyambi cha mtsinje. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi masika, glacier kusungunuka, madzi, kapena malo ena aliwonse a pophatikizana a utuluke madzi ziwiri.
• Pakamwa - ndi malo mtsinje ikutha ndi imaphwera mu nyanja, nyanja kapena zina otaya madzi.
• Dongosolo mtsinje - izo si mtsinje wokha, komanso makhwawa wake.
• Mtsinje beseni - lomwe m'dera limene madzi onse akupita. maiwe onse ankasiyana watersheds ndi udindo okwera awo.

Magawo chachikulu cha makhalidwe a mitsinje

Khalidwe lalikulu la mitsinje - ndi kukula, otaya mathamangidwe, ikuyenda mlingo, otaya, dontho ndi mtundu wa chakudya.

Kugwa wotchedwa kusiyana pakati pa misanje ya gwero ndi pakamwa. The apamwamba dontho kwambiri, mlingo wa otaya mu mtsinje.

mlingo otaya amayezedwa m / gawo. Pena paliponse adzakhala ziwembu chomwechi zimachititsa chilumbachi osiyana ndi otsetsereka a njira ndi osiyana.

kumwa madzi limasonyeza angati kiyubiki mamita zapita 1 chachiwiri kudzera mbali mtanda wa njira.

Mtsinje chakudya abwera mu njira zingapo: Madzi a mvula, pambuyo limatsogolera ayezi, ku magwero mobisa ndi oundana. Mvula omwa mtsinje ili kotentha. Chipale omwa mitsinje mabacteria kotentha ndi kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, ndi glacial phiri mitsinje ndi. Pali zingapo chachikulu mitundu ya mphamvu za mitsinje:

1. Equatorial - yekha mvula chaka chonse.
2. Subequatorial - mtsinje mphamvu kumachitika chifukwa mvula, koma m'goli ndi nyengo.
3. Otentha - mvula ndi kulera mlingo wa mtsinje mu dzinja ndi chirimwe shallowing.
4. Subarctic - ndi chisanu chakudya, amene amathandiza kuwuka madzi m'chilimwe ndi kuyanika zochititsa chidwi mu yozizira, pamene ambiri mwa mitsinje peremerzaet.
5. Lake - mtsinje chaka chonse kwathunthu zoyendetsedwa ndi sikudalira zina chakudya.
6. Mountain - mu mapiri ataliatali a mtsinje pa nthawi usiku kukhala kakang'ono, ndipo tsiku ndi kudzadza ndi limatsogolera madzi oundana ndi chipale chofewa.

Komanso, nthawi zambiri mukhoza kumva mtsinje boma. Koma si aliyense akudziwa kuti boma ili la mtsinje. Pa zimene zimatengera? Yankho lake ndi losavuta kwambiri, boma la mitsinje - njira ya yaitali, kusintha nyengo ndi tsiku mtsinje otaya mu mzere. Kusintha angayambe mofulumira kwambiri, izo zonse zimadalira kumene ndipo kodi zinthu mtsinje.

Mtsinje otaya mwa m'Chigwa, ikuyenda pansi pa mapiri mu moyo wake, iwo akhoza kusintha njira zawo ochepa zikwi, obmelet kapena M'malo mwake, kukhala zonse loyenda.

Makamaka nthenda mitsinje

gwero ndi m'kamwa mwa mtsinje, ndi kale, koma ena mbali ya mtsinje wa madzi aliyense ati? Amadziwika kuti pali mitsinje ataima madzi ndi otsika panopa, ndipo pali anthu kumene madzi limayenda mofulumira kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa aliyense, ngakhale chopunthwitsa chachikulu mu njira yake.

Chikhalidwe ndi otaya mlingo wa mtsinje zimadalira zimachititsa chilumbachi, otsetsereka ndi madzi kugwa. Pa zigwa za mtsinje umayenda lonse, bata, ndi kugwa kwa otsetsereka ali wamng'ono. mitsinje zikuphatikizapo Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Neman. Koma pali anthu kuti chichitike pakati pa mapiri phiri. Iwo yodziwika ndi mafunde makolokoto ndi amphamvu, pa njira yawo kuti athane zambiri mathithi, ndipo mathithi zina mkulu. mitsinje amenewa ndi amtengo wapatali dontho kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe cha otaya kwa iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri. utuluke awa akhoza zimachitika Terek, Rioni, Tigirisi ndi Yangtze.

Deepness zimadalira nyengo, mode, ndipo nthawizina mphamvu ya mitsinje. Mu zikhalidwe chinyezi, mtsinje pa nthawi iliyonse pachaka zonse, madzi ndi youma nyengo, kawirikawiri adzauma ndi kudyetsa okha pa mpweya, ndi iwo kuchitika mu chaka si kwambiri.

Mountain mitsinje ndi ozizira, monga iwo kudya kusungunuka oundana pamwamba. Koma ngati inu kuwoloka mtsinje, ndiye pa mapeto a madzi kungakhale ofunda kwambiri, monga pa njira chake heats pansi dzuwa.

Kodi phiri lowland mtsinje?

Ine anakwanitsa adzaone zomwe boma la mtsinje, koma pali mitundu ina ya mtsinje? Ndipotu, iwo akhoza kuthamanga chabe mwa zigwa, kapena kupita ku mapiri aatali.

M'zigwa mitsinje - izo mitsinje kuti kudutsa lathyathyathya mtunda ndi oyeserera ochepa ndi ikuyenda mlingo. mitsinje iyi ikuyenda m'zigwa anayamba ndi mtsinje kumulowetsa, pamene taphunzira akutambasula ndi masikono.

Mountain mitsinje ochokera mu mapiri kapena m'tsinde. Ali otsetsereka ndi miyala mtsinje bedi, zidutswa chodzaza katundu wa miyala. Kwa mitsinje amenewa yodziwika ndi otsetsereka ndi liwiro panopa kuya, yaing'ono. Nthawi zambiri panjira mitsinje iyi pali mathithi ndi mathithi, ndipo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi njira osefukira.

Palinso phiri m'chigwa mtsinje akuyamba kwambiri mapiri, pambuyo pang'onopang'ono kusamukira zigwa chete mtsinje.

5 mitsinje yaikulu ya dziko

Dzina la mtsinje, yaikulu mu dziko, amadziwa aliyense. Mndandanda wa 5 yaikulu komanso zonse loyenda mitsinje m'dziko kutsogoleredwa ndi Amazon, amene ankaona mtima wa America South. Posachedwapa, izo ankaona 2 pa mndandanda wa waukulu pambuyo Nile. Koma pambuyo ofufuza anatenga gwero ka Ucayali yoyambira woona ya mtsinje, izo ankaona motalikitsa. m'litali ndi zoposa 7000 Km.

Mu malo wachiwiri anali African Nailo. Amaona mtsinje wopatulika, chifukwa kudzera izo kupulumuka, anthu okhala m'madera nkhanza ndi youma kwambiri Africa. Mu mvula ya kusefukira mtsinje, walola anthu African chinkhoswe mu ulimi, mpunga wakula pa magombe ake. Kutalika kwa mtsinje wachiwiri kukula wa dziko ndi pang'ono kuposa 6800 Km, komanso beseni ali ndi malo a mapazi oposa 3 miliyoni lalikulu. Km.

Yangtze - ndi mtsinje wina waukulu, umene ankaona waukulu kwambiri madzi kutuluka Europe ndi ku Asia. mtsinje izi zikhoza kuonedwa kuti phiri mbalambanda, kuyambira zimatengera amachokera ku Chitibeta Plateau, pambuyo chitadutsa Hengduan Mapiri ndi utuluke zambiri pa Sichuan beseni. Kutalika kwa mtsinje chiri chakuya kwambiri - za 6.3 zikwi Km, ndi malo beseni - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 1.8 lalikulu mapazi. Km.

Huang Iye kapena Yellow mtsinje - ndi imodzi padziko lonse lapansi mtsinje, amene gwero la mapiri a Tibet. m'litali ndi za 5000 Km, ndi malo beseni -. 700 zikwi sq m. Km.

Dzina la mtsinje, yomwe ili m'dera la Russia, mungazipeze pa mapu. Mwa iwo amene m'gulu mndandanda wa pamwamba 5 yaikulu - ndi ob. m'litali ndi zoposa pang'ono 5400 Km, ndi malo beseni ndi pafupi zofanana monga wa Nile - 3 miliyoni lalikulu mapazi. Km. Izi mtsinje amadzimadzi zimachokera ku Russia, ndi kukufika Kazakhstan ndipo itha njira zake China.

mitsinje yaikulu ya dziko zofunika kwambiri chitukuko mafakitale ndi chuma mayiko amene m'gawo pamalo. Mitsinje kupereka moyo madzi opatsa kwa anthu. Komanso, ambiri a nsomba m'mitsinje, amene kudya nyama osati kokha, komanso anthu.

List cha mitsinje wamng'ono dziko

Koma osati lalikulu mtsinje ali pa dziko. Palinso anthu ochepa amene ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa anthu okhala pa magombe ake. Zazing'ono mtsinje:

• Reprua Mtsinje - mtsinje Izi ukuyenda mwa Abkhazia, ndi m'litali ndi mamita 18 okha. Komanso, amaona ndi ozizira mtsinje Black Sea gombe.
• Kovasselva - ichi mtsinje amadzimadzi ili Norway chilumba Hitra, ndi kutalika kwake si mamita oposa 20.

Amazing mitsinje ya dziko

Kaperekedwe mtsinje - sikungokhudza akuluakulu kapena yaing'ono, iwo ali mu kukula. Komanso pa dziko pali zachilendo ndi chodabwitsa madzi mitsinje kuti akope tcheru cha m'maganizo ake.

Caño Cristales - ndi mtsinje zokongola, izo lili Colombia. Nthawi zambiri m'deralo imatchedwa mtsinje wa mitundu isanu. Izi yowala ndi zachilendo zosiyanasiyana mitundu zikomo kwa mtsinje amatenga moyo mu madzi algae ake. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa madzi, mungaganize kuti utawaleza anali atagwa m'madzi.

Tsitarum - ndi mtsinje dirtiest mu dziko. Iwo lili Indonesia, ndi zauve chifukwa oposa 5 miliyoni anthu amakhala beseni ake. zinyalala zonse anthu kutaya madzi ake. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa mtsinje kutali, ngakhale samvetsa chimene icho chiri, zikuoneka kuti inu muyang'ana pa dambo la.

Congo - mtsinje akuya mu dziko. Wasefukira Africa Central, m'madera ena akafika akuya mamita 230, mwinanso kwambiri.

El Rio vinaigrette - acidic kwambiri mtsinje. Wasefukira zapitazi Puras kuphulika ku Colombia. Mu madzi ili ndi zigawo zoposa 11 asidi sulfuric ndi mbali 9 acid amathiridwa. Mu mtsinje uwu sitingakayikire zamoyo.

Moyo mitsinje: zomera

Kaperekedwe mtsinje - sikungokhudza mphamvu, kutalika ndi magawo ena, komanso nyama ndi zomera. Ndipotu mtsinje wa madzi, kaya ndi yaikulu kapena yaing'ono, ali moyo yake. Aliyense mwachangu kapena chete mtsinje anapeza malo awo, zomera zambiri zimene azolowere moyo monga mwa mtsinje makamaka, ndi makhalidwe ake otaya, kutentha madzi ndi magawo ena.

Zomera mitsinje zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 5 chachikulu:

1. Zomera zimene madzi ndi pa dziko. Iwo anayamba kukula pansi mtsinje ndi kumtunda kwa iwo limatuluka pamwamba pa madzi. Zikuphatikizapo mzimbe, bango, horsetail, cattail ndi arrowhead.
2. Chipinda amene mizu amagwira pansi, pamene masamba tiwolokere pamwamba madzi. zomera ndi kakombo woyera ndi akuyandama pondweed.
3. Zomera ndi mizu pansi, amene masamba kukhala mu madzi - izo Eurasian madzi milfoil ndi pondweed wamba.
4. Akuyandama zomera kuti alibe mizu pansi. Mmodzi mwa zomera ndi duckweed.
5. Zomera zokhala pafupifupi wosanjikiza madzi - hornwort, filamentous algae ndi elodea.

Mitsinje ya Life: Animal Ufumu

Kaperekedwe mtsinje - izo ndi nyama, zomwe kulibe kulikonse koma madzi. Mu mitsinje ya moyo osati ambiri nsomba, koma zinthu zina zamoyo:

• Zomera - ndi zamoyo zimene zimakhala mu ndime madzi, ankaoneka kuti tiwolokere ku madzi ndipo umasamutsidwa ku otaya mphamvu. Zomera ndi chakudya zofunikira nsomba zizinji.
• Bentos. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu benthic.
• Nekton - amagwira kusuntha nyama wakutheker kugonjetsa panopa. Lero, pali mitundu yoposa 20 zikwi za nekton, kuphatikizapo nsomba, nyama, m'madzi zimakhala, pinnipeds, akamba ndi ena.
• Neuston - nyama ndi zomera zamoyo kuti moyo padziko madzi, umene uli m'malire ndi mlengalenga.
• Pleuston - ndi nyama ndi zomera zamoyo, emergent m'madzi, ie, angathe kukhala ndi moyo m'madzi ndi mumlengalenga ...
• Ndi epineuston ndi zamoyo kuti moyo pa filimu pamwamba.
• Hyponeuston - zamoyo kugwirizana ndi filimu pamwamba, koma kukhala pansi.
• Periphyton - zamoyo padziko zinthu m'madzi.

Mitsinje komanso ndi nyama wamoyo: Beaver, otter, muskrat, ndi zokwawa: akamba, njoka, ng'ona.

Kodi mitsinje?

Anthu akale ankakhulupirira kuti madzi - ndi moyo. Nthawi zambiri nyumba pa gombe la mitsinje ndi nyanja, kotero kuti iwo anali kosavuta kuthana ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ntchito mtsinje zimathandiza kuchita ntchito zapakhomo, komanso chuma chake. Madzi mumtsinje wa ntchito kumwa, kukonza izo zisanachitike, iye chakudya okha ndi nyama ntchito kuthirira mbewu.

Masiku ano, madzi mumtsinje wa imayeretsedwa m'malo ogulitsira wapadera ndi chiwombedwa anatumikira m'nyumba ya m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Komanso, mtsinje kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa akuyandama matabwa, monga njira zoyendera pa mtunda wautali. M'mitsinje, kusambira, nsomba. Mtsinje - kumakhalanso malo okongola kwambiri, chifukwa inu mukhoza kukhala pa gombe ndi kusangalala atsopano chinyezi mpweya, pamene akutama malo ozungulira.

Zingati madzi chofunika malonda mafakitale, amenenso ali omangidwa pafupi mitsinje? Ndiyamika chino, ogwira ntchito iliyonse akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi madzi dziwe. M'mayiko akutali - mu Africa kapena America South - pamene nyengo youma kwambiri ndi mitsinje zambiri youma, waukulu kumwa gwero nyama zakuthengo basi mtsinje, ngakhale youma m'madera ena. Koma pa nyengo ya mvula iwo akhale zonse loyenda kachiwiri.

Popanda mitsinje, dziko lathuli zingakhale zokongola ndi woona. Iwo, monga payipi madzi, kupindika padziko lonse kupereka madzi opatsa moyo, koma ntchito anthu - kuyesetsa kusunga chiyero awo ndi kukongola.