Ndi zofiirira algae ndi ... Brown algae: oimira

Dziko m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja wakhala chidwi anthu. Imathandiza kwambiri ndi chidwi kupeza zimene mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera, izo zikufotokozedwa? Choncho, kwa zaka kale ambiri asayansi osiyanasiyana kafukufuku mokwanira mderali. Ali anapeza yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zambiri, anthu aphunzira ntchito zosowa zawo pafupifupi onse mitundu kudziwika kwa zomera m'madzi komanso nyama.

Mmodzi mwa anthu amenewo zothandiza ndiponso zofunika ntchito zachuma cha anthu oimira anayamba kelp. Timanena za iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Mwadongosolo malo kelp

Brown algae Maphunziro amatenga buku gawo la zomera za m'nyanja. Pakali pano, pali pafupifupi zikwi mitundu Oyimirira ogwirizana kubadwa 250. Onse a iwo a multicellular, ndipo nthawi zambiri chidwi kukula.

Dongosolo ambiri a malo mwadongosolo imene Brown Seaweed, akhoza ankaimira motere:

• Ufumu - Cell.
• Superkingdom - eukaryotes.
• Ufumu - Chipinda.
• Subkingdom - ndere kapena zomera m'munsi.
• Division - ochrophyta.
• Maphunziro - Brown algae.

Pakati pa bulauni algae ndi zomera monga kukula yaing'ono ndi zimphona weniweni. Taganizirani zimene zimaonetsa ali mu dongosolo la thupi ndi amene ankawachitira.

Angamulambirire dongosolo

Kapangidwe ka kelp si wosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene ena achibale awo. thupi ukufanizidwa Thallus kapena Thallus osati kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu, lili masamba palibe ndi mizu. Mabungwe Ufumuyo gawo lapansi ndi zokhudzana chapadera chokhala mizu ang'onoang'ono, tentacles, wotchedwa rhizoids.

Ambiri mwa ambirimbiri mitundu ya moyo amaona, angagwirizanitse kwa gawo lapansi ndi. Komabe, palinso ufulu kusambira padziko oimira. Mbali A angatchedwe ndi Thallus bwino kumatanthauza lalikulu pepala mbale. Nthawi zina ndi odulidwa zoipa kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kapangidwe ka algae bulauni ngati ulusi. Nthawi zambiri anthu ena a otchedwa - filamentous.

Mipweya ya maselo a zomera lili wapadera zinthu-inki ali chloroplasts lapansi. Ali:

• fucoxanthin;
• wotchedwa chlorophyll;
• xanthophylls.

Iwo apangidwa kuyamwa ena makulidwe cheza dzuwa, zomwe amatha kulowa kwa akuya kwambiri mu makulidwe a m'nyanja. Komanso, izi mitundu ya inki atipatse mtundu bulauni. Ndi kupyolera mu izi algae deta ikhoza kukhala pa yakuya ku 200 m, ngakhale kuti anali adakali amakonda mabacteria ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi akuya osachepera 15 m.

Mpanda selo lili ndi asidi wapadera - alginic, yemwe ali mmodzi mwa zifukwa m'zigawo za izi algae munthu. Pakati pa bulauni algae ndi zomera, amene anapanga ndi apezeka wapadera wodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Izi ndi zofunika kuti tikhalebe wolimba pa pamwamba madzi, komanso ulere kukhala mkati maselo ubereki kwa kubalana.

The ndondomeko kwambiri kusiya ana ndi a mitundu itatu:

1. Asexual, kudzera mwa spores.
2. Kugonana ndi gametes.
3. mbali Vegetative za thupi.

Wina nkhani zosangalatsa, zomwe ndi mbali ya Thallus ya bulauni Seaweed ndi fucoidan. Izi polysaccharide zovuta dongosolo lomwe lili ndi sipekitiramu yotakata kanthu achire (antineoplastic wothandizira, odana ndi yotupa, antibacterial, immunomodulatory). Ichi ndi chifukwa china anthu kelp kupanga.

malo yogawa

Ndi zofiirira algae monga mitundu kuti amakonda nyanja. Komabe, oimira genera anayi amakonda kukhala madzi - Heribaudiella, Pleurokladiya, Bodanella ndi Sfatselyariya.

Pali zomera paliponse ku nyanja zonse za dziko lapansi, koma ndende pazipita imagwera pa madzi a M'madera a zitunda kotentha, komanso zoni Circumpolar. oimira munthu kupanga gawo yofunika kwambiri zomera za m'madambo mchere.

Tikumbukenso kuti kwa bulauni algae ndi Zimphona, amene asankha Atlantic awo malo Ocean. Iwo unakhazikitsidwa kumeneko nyanja lonse, dzina lake polemekeza awo Sargasso. Izi Seaweed Sargassum.

Ndiko kuti, nyengo si wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa zomera, kotero adayala kotero ambiri ndi lalikulu zedi.

Maphunziro oimira: makrotsistis

Kwa bulauni algae monga macrostructures chitsanzo wotchuka kwambiri amene ali makrotsistis. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa yaikulu komanso chachikulu oimira zomera. ndi Thallus kutalika 60 mamita ndi misa chikhalidwe lofanana makilogalamu 150.

Iwo makamaka anagawira mu madzi ofunda woyendera nthambi. Mbali yapadera ya kapangidwe komanso yotakata masamba masamba ndi balloons kwa iwo, kutumikira akugwira zimatengedwa pamwamba pa madzi. Rhizoids komanso zilipo pa Thallus ndi, zaikidwa zomera miyala ndi miyala magawo pa akuya pafupifupi 25 mamita.

The zikuchokera maselo a Thallus ochuluka zothandiza ndiponso zofunika kwa zinthu anthu kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makrotsistis migodi. Chavuta ndi chiyani?

1. Polysaccharides ndi amino zidulo - ntchito makampani zodzikongoletsera kuwonjezera creams, Chakudya chopatsa thanzi, lotions ndi zina zotero.
2. Ayodini, pakachitsulo, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina.
3. asidi Alginic - ntchito makampani mankhwala kutulutsa ulusi kupanga ndi nsalu.

Ndere yokha mwadongosolo wa mtundu Laminaria.

Analipus Japanese

Bzalani, ndiwo banja Hordarievye kelp. Oimira taxon ichi ndi vertically Thallus si kwambiri kukula. Choncho, analipus ukufika masentimita 30 m'litali. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa olamulira waukulu nthambi lateral achoke, koma, monga ulamuliro, ndi zina iwo alibe nthambi.

Rhizoids retracted mu yekha, ndi amene chomera ali yomatidwa miyala mabacteria ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific ndiponso kumadera pafupi. Normal View Sakhalin, Kamchatka, kugombe la nyanja ya Japan ndi Islands Kuril.

Tull izi ndere multicavity akufotokozera moyo. Mu malo ndi amphamvu mafunde algae amakhala unkagunda pansi pa chomera, mochuluka ngati kutumphuka ndi.

kelp

Chinanso chofunika ndi zofiirira ndere Laminaria, woimira banja eponymous. Amakhala ndi zamoyo zambiri, ambiri mwa akuti ndi Japanese Kelp kapena Seaweed. zomera ndi lofala Pacific ndi nyanja ya Atlantic, ndipo ndi wofunika kwambiri munthuyo.

Thupi kapangidwe ankaimira yaitali, 12 mamita Thallus ndi maonekedwe onse a matepi bulauni mtundu. Rhizoids pansi pa Thallus ziyenera zaikidwa ndi miyala ndi magawo miyala.

The kelp ndi wofunika kwa anthu?

1. Methionine - ndi kwa amino asidi, zili amene ali mbewu katswiri ngakhale pakati pa masamba lapansi.
2. Mchere, ayodini, kufufuza zinthu - ndi zochuluka pano mu maselo a kelp.
3. Chakudya kupereka zomera ndi wamtengo wapatali zakudya.

Chifukwa nyumba imeneyi, kelp ntchito chakudya nyama, ntchito ngati mankhwala ofunikila kwambiri kwa anthu, amadziwika katundu popanga mafuta odzola ndi dietetics.

chikhodzodzo

wapatali kwambiri mankhwala ndipo izi oimira - fucus (fucus). Iwo amatchedwa "mphesa nyanja" zimenedi iwo analandira kwa kapangidwe chidwi Thallus lapansi. Ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri, kugaŵa ndipo akufanana ndi gulu la chipatso. Bzalani deta - nkhokwe ya zakudya zonse zitheka ndi zinthu zofunika, limene ambiri ali kelp. Oimira ndi pafupifupi 19 taxa.

Kunja thallium yaing'ono, maolivi wobiriwira, ndithu chachikulu, wandiweyani. Habitat Chipinda: pafupifupi onse m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja, makamaka Nyanja White.

Zinthu m'gulu kapangidwe ndi kukhala mtengo wa:

• mozungulira 42 zinthu zimachitikira;
• kwa amino zidulo ndi zidulo mafuta;
• mavitamini kuchokera magulu A kuti rr;
• fucoidan.

Sargassum

Palinso algae zofiirira ndi zomera monga Sargassum. Thallus kufika kutalika 10 m, makamaka poganizira kuthekera kupanga tokhala pamwamba pa mlengalenga, thovu. Ndiyamika ziyangoyango izi zomera kupanga padziko lonse m'madzi (mu Atlantic Nyanja Sargasso). Mayina pansi padziko miyala.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mitundu imeneyi anthu mowa (Asian mayiko), chakudya nyama, kupanga mankhwala. Habitat: m'madera otentha.

Padin

chidwi kwambiri kelp, mtundu umene uli kutali ndi dzina kalasi. More ngati bowa woyera volnushki wokongola zimakupiza woboola pakati yaing'ono Thallus ake. zomera ndi kutentha wachikondi, ambiri m'madera otentha ndi pafupi ndi gombe la America. Makamaka ntchito mankhwala ndi cosmetology.