Europe ndi Asia. Amene nyanja chikugwirizana kwa Marmara Bosphorus?

M'malire dziko pa Ulaya ndi Asia umadutsa kumapiri, Urals ndi Caucasus, ndi nyanja - madzi a m'nyanja ndipo Bosporus angapo. Za kuti, chimene chikugwirizana ndi nyanja ya Marmora Bosphorus, ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Bosphorus: Origin

Ndi dzina la khwalala pakati pa magombe a Europe ndi Asia chikugwirizana wokhudza wakale Greek nthano. Kamodzi Zeus anagwa mchikondi ndi mtsikana wokongola Io, amene anali mwana wa mtsinje mulungu. Kupewa mkwiyo wa Hera, mkazi wa Zeu, Io, natenga mawonekedwe a ng'ombe, iye analumphira mu madzi a Khwalala, amene wakhala analandira dzina la Cow (Bovine) atafika, kapena Bosphorus. Ambiri sazindikira nyanja chikugwirizana kwa Marmara Bosphorus. Nyanja, amene olumikizidwa kwa Marmara mwa Bosporus, ndi wakuda.

Khwalala ndi chifukwa mapangidwe ya Black Sea chigumula, zomwe zinachitika za 8000 zapitazo. Iye anasonyeza kuti nyanja ziwiri: popeza Bosphorus (khwalala) zikugwirizana ndi Black ndi Marmara nyanja. Baibulo lina la Khwalala ya maphunziro - osefukira bedi mtsinje. Onse Mabaibulo ndi umboni sayansi, zimachititsa chilumbachi pansi ndi makhalidwe a zomera anafotokoza mfundo koyamba maganizo, ndi pamaso pa otaya awiri, mwatsopano ndi mchere, - wachiwiri.

Bosphorus: phindu

Khwalala ali wosiyana malo m'mayiko ambiri. Iye amalekanitsa Ulaya ndi Asia. Bosphorus Khwalala, kutsogolera kuchokera ku Nyanja Black kwa Marmara ndi kumbuyo ndi njira yokhayo ku Nyanja Black kwa Ocean World. Choncho, Bosphorus n'lofunika geopolitical. Madzi a Bosphorus pali polumikizira katundu ku Europe, makamaka ochokera kumayiko Black Sea (Russia, Ukraine, mayiko Caucasus) mu Africa, North America ndi South America, ndi mosemphanitsa. Amene nyanja chikugwirizana kwa Marmara Bosphorus? Ndi wakuda, ndi kumtunda nyanja, umene kutalika kwa Khwalala za 30 Km ndi mauthenga pamalo abwino zofunika njira ndi Mediterranean lotseguka.

Dardanelle

Kutuluka kwa nyanja zombo popita ku Nyanja ya Marmara (zimene olumikizidwa kwa Marmara Nyanja Bosphorus, tatchulazi), muyenera kuthana osati Bosphorus, koma khwalala wina ofunika - Dardanelles. A mndandanda wa m'mavuto kulumikiza Nyanja ya Marmara kwa Aegean ndi Mediterranean pansipa. Iye ndi kawiri bola ngati Bosphorus. Dardanelless Bosphorus ndi ofunika Hrs, chuma ndi ndale mabungwe.

Bosphorus, Turkey

Mbali zonse njirayi ndi dera kuti Turkey tithe. Bosphorus mobwerezabwereza otsekedwa ndi akuluakulu Turkey pazifukwa zandale ndiponso zachuma. ziwiya okhonda anadutsa Bosporus pokhapokha kupeza chiphaso wapadera Turkey. Chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi nthawi pali mikangano pakati pa mayiko Black Sea ndi Turkey. Panopa, madzi a Bosphorus amaonedwa kukhala omasuka, koma akuluakulu Turkey wasunga ufulu asagwiritse ndimeyi mwa Khwalala la zombo zankhondo ndi ziwiya sanali Black Sea mayiko.

Bosphorus ndi Istanbul

Kuchokera Bosphorus zokhudza mbiri ya umodzi mwa mizinda yakalekale mu dziko - Istanbul. Malo Istanbul ndi wapadera: m'gawo lake ndi ku Ulaya, ndi ku Asia, ndi Bosphorus ndi malire pakati pa mbali ziwiri za dziko ndi mzindawo. Pankhaniyi, mbali European a mzinda - ichi ndicho chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale malo, kumene ambiri. Istanbul (amatchedwanso Constantinople, Constantinople, Byzantium) ndi amene amatchulidwa mu mbiri yakale monga malo adenda Orthodoxy m'dziko Russian. mzinda uno, limene lili mu mtima wa Bosphorus, ali anthu waukulu mu Europe. Mwina ndiye chifukwa malo ndi malo abwino, ndi mbiri yake olemera ndi chikhalidwe wapadera.

Istanbul Bosphorus zimapangitsa ngakhale misewu lotanganidwa kutumiza mu dziko. Mwachitsanzo, katundu pa Suez Canal polumikiza Nyanja Yofiira ndi Mediterranean, katatu ang'onoang'ono. Zombo ku mayiko Black Sea kosalekeza zimadutsa ndi Bosphorus.

Chotero katundu ndi amakhudza kwambiri pa zachilengedwe a mzinda. Osowa, koma zimachitika mumapezeka mafuta kuchokera kudutsa mathanki nyanja Black. Zombo magalimoto ambiri mwa makampani zodetsa malo Istanbul. M'mphepete mwa Bosphorus sadzamvera akukuta mafunde chifukwa kuipitsa phokoso, ndipo usiku mzinda kawirikawiri kuona nyenyezi chifukwa cha kuwala kwa oversaturation. Komabe, unakhazikitsidwa mu Istanbul, zinthu zachilengedwe sasiya otaya Mipikisano miliyoni-alendo. Ndipotu, mzinda wapadera.

Zokopa Istanbul pa Bosphorus

Tangoganizani Istanbul popanda mabwato ambiri ndi vapur mwangofikira kuchokera tsidya lina la Bosphorus kwa ena n'zosatheka. Chiwerengero cha mzindawo sangachite popanda zoyendera ichi, chifukwa zambiri za anthu a mbali Asian wa Istanbul anapita tsiku European. Vapury ndi mabwato kupereka mtundu wapadera kwa mzindawo. Amathandizanso alendo kupeza ena mwa zokopa ili m'mphepete mwa Bosphorus.

Ndi gombe la dziko la alendo Tiziona choyang'ana Dolmahche zachifumu, Yildiz Boukoleon, Vlaharnskogo m'mabwinja a nyumba yachifumu, nyumba zambiri komanso nyumba za mafumu.

Chief pakati pawo ndi Palace Museum Topkan - mwina yachifumu kwambiri zazikulu wa Ottoman Sultans, amene ndi fundo chachikulu cha Sarayburnu Cape yemwe anatsuka Nyanja ya Marmara, ndi Golden Horn ndi Bosphorus.

Istanbul, kusangalala ndi ngozi imene azikhala, ooneka ndi kukongola kwake m'mbiri yakale ndi zochititsa chidwi, chikhalidwe chosiyana. Komabe, mathanki onyamula mafuta ndi zinthu zina woopsawo amene amayambitsa nkhawa. Zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi gombe la Bosphorus ndizovuta kwa ndime ya sitima zazikulu. Koma oyendetsa oyenerera kuthandiza kupewa ngozi pa Bosporus.