The mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo

Mu thupi, zomera ndi nyama secrete mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo minofu. Nsalu ikhoza kukhala osiyana monga kapangidwe selo, ndi Kapangidwe ka masanjidwewo extracellular, komanso ntchito zawo. zosiyanasiyanazo selo akhoza kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe, ndi kukula, kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa organelles ena. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo n'kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zimakhala. Taganizirani mitundu ikuluikulu maselo.

Masamba, bowa, nyama, bakiteriya

Gawo ili maselo, malingana ndi zinthu zimene anamanga. Apa anayerekezera tchati, lomwe limasonyeza mitundu ya maselo, kusiyana kwawo ndi zofanana.

Mitundu ya maselo zimakhala zosiyanasiyana

Various maselo osiyana kupanga minofu. Komanso, ndi nsalu yomweyo wapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo.

maselo zaminyewa

Iwo amatchedwa maselo zaminyewa. Izi kumalo ozizira maselo differentsiirovannye kufupi ndi mzake. Iwo akhoza kukhala kiyubiki, platy kapena mawonekedwe cylindrical. maselo zaminyewa zambiri ili pa Kakhungu woyambira.

Mitundu ya maselo connective minofu

Connective minofu Pali mitundu ingapo:

• reticular;
• wandiweyani fibrous;
• lotayirira CHIKWANGWANI;
• fupa;
• chichereŵechereŵe;
• mafuta;
• magazi;
• lymph.

Aliyense wa zimakhala izi nazo zosiyanasiyana maselo intercellular mankhwala. Reticulum tichipeza reticulocytes ndi ulusi reticular. Wa reticulocytes akhoza kupanga maselo hematopoietic ndi macrophages - maselo udindo kuteteza thupi tizilombo.

Yobweretsa fibrous minofu imakhala imapanga ulusi ndi lotayirira - kuchokera mankhwala amorphous. Yobweretsa fibrous minofu elasticity amapereka maulamuliro, ndi kumasura amadzadza mipata pakati pa ziwalo mkati.

Bone minofu lili mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo: osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, ndi osteocytes. Yotsirizira ndizo zikuluzikulu maselo minofu. Osteogenic - ndi undifferentiated maselo akhoza kupanga fupa maselo, osteoblasts ndi osteoclasts. Osteoblasts kubala zinthu amapanga masanjidwewo extracellular fupa. Osteoclasts ali ndi udindo kwa resorption minofu fupa, ngati n'koyenera. Asayansi ena Musatenge iwo maselo fupa.

Chichereŵechereŵe minofu imakhala chondrocytes ndi chondroblasts chondroclasts. Loyamba ndilochokera pa wosanjikiza kunja kwa chichereŵechereŵe. Ali ndi fusiform mawonekedwe. Chondroblasts ili mu M'kati. Iwo ndi chowulungika kapena mawonekedwe zozungulira. Chondroclasts udindo kutaya maselo akale chichereŵechereŵe.

Adipose minofu imakhala mtundu umodzi wokha wa maselo: adipocytes. Iwo ali wambirimbiri mafuta yopuma.

A zosiyanasiyana maselo a mwazi ndi lymph

Mwazi lili zosiyanasiyana maselo, wotchedwa maselo magazi. Izi magazi maselo ofiira, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi maselo oyera a magazi, amene anawagawa mitundu yambiri. Erythrocytes ndi flattened zozungulira mawonekedwe. Iwo ali ndi puloteni hemoglobin, amene ali ndi ntchito yake - ndi zoyendera wa mpweya thupi lonse. Othandiza - yaing'ono maselo sanali nyukiliya. Iwo ali ndi udindo clotting magazi. Leukocytes ndi anthu ndi nyama chitetezo.

maselo oyera anawagawa m'magulu ziwiri: granular ndi nezernistye. Zoyambazo monga neutrophils, eosinophils, ndi basophils. Woyamba angathe phagocytosis - kudya mabakiteriya ankhanza ndi mavairasi. Eosinophils komanso amatha phagocytosis, koma zimenezi si udindo wawo waukulu. Ntchito yawo chachikulu ndi kuwononga histamine anamasulidwa ndi maselo ena pa ndondomeko yotupa, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa kutupa. Basophils ayimire kutupa ndi secrete eosinophil chemotactic china.

Nezernistye leukocytes anawagawa lymphocytes ndi monocytes. Woyamba alipo magulu atatu, malingana ndi ntchito zawo. Pali T-maselo, maselo B ndi maselo null. maselo B udindo yopangira chitetezo. maselo T ali ndi udindo kuzindikira maselo ena, ndiponso kukondoweza ntchito ya B-lymphocytes ndi monocytes. Zero lymphocytes ndi wotetezedwa.

Monocytes kapena macrophages, komanso amatha phagocytosis. Iwo kuwononga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya.

minofu mantha

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya maselo mitsempha:

• mitsempha yake;
• glia.

maselo mitsempha amatchedwa manyuroni. Iwo zigwirizana wa ng'ombe ndi njira: yaitali axon ndi waufupi dendrite nthambi. Iwo ali ndi udindo mapangidwe ndi patsogolo kusintha. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa propagules anali akutali unipolar (wina), ochititsa kuti (awiri), ndipo multipolar (a kuchuluka) manyuroni. Multipolar ambiri mwa anthu ndi nyama.

maselo Glial ntchito ndi zakudya thandizo ntchito kulola kuyika m'khola danga ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zakudya manyuroni.

ena a minofu

Iwo amatchedwa myocytes, kapena ulusi. Pali atatu mitundu ya minofu minofu :

• striated;
• mtima;
• yosalala.

Malinga mtundu minofu, myocytes zosiyana. Mu minofu striated ali yaitali, elongated, ndi mitima angapo komanso kuchuluka kwa mitochondria. Ndiponso zapiringizana. Yosalala minofu minofu amakhala ndi myocytes ang'ono ndi mtima ochepa ndi mitochondria. Yosalala minofu minofu sangathe kuchepetsedwa mwamsanga striated. Minofu mtima wapangidwa ndi ena a minofu, amakhala ngati anthu a minofu striated. myocytes zonse muli mapulotini contractile: akitini ndi myosin.