Dekommunizirovat - zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani? mzinda Dekommunizirovannye

Utatha wa Soviet Union mu 1992 ndi kuthetsedwa kwa Warsaw Pangano Organization ku Ulaya anayamba njira yogwira pa luntha la chikominisi zakale ndi zotsatira za hegemony Soviet. Pozindikira kuti dekommunizirovat - chiri, mwa zina, kufufuza milandu ya m'maulamuliro chikominisi, boma anayamba kutsegula owona, anakhazikitsa mabungwe ndi makhoti wapadera.

The zovuta kwambiri a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya

Mayiko ambiri a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya anagwera mu dera Soviet cha mphamvu si kwawo. Ndipo mfundo imeneyi zivute zitani mukopedwe mtima ku chirichonse chimene chachitika ndi mfundo chikominisi. Komabe, m'mayiko ambiri a zokomera msasa zachiphamaso kwambiri kumvetsa mavuto kuyambira Union. Dekommunizirovat kwa iwo - si kwambiri kupeza mphamvu si kubwereza zolakwika zimene zinachitika kale, koma kuyesa kuloza chala pa magulu kunja.

Chiwerengero cha mayiko monga Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, ndi Serbia, ndithudi, ali ndi ufulu ena amanena osati maboma awo, komanso Soviet Union, umene kudzera zonse zilipo, kuphatikizapo alowererepo asilikali, kuyesera kuti akhale pansi pa ulamuliro limati wosadalira pakati ndiponso kum'mawa kwa Ulaya.

Chiyukireniya zisinthe ndi Decommunization

Kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi Chiyukireniya anthu ndi boma lawo sanathe kusankha maganizo awo akale Soviet. Koma boma, lomwe m'malo Viktor Yanukovych, zinali zogwirizana kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi. Mu Ukraine, anayamba kuoneka mzinda dekommunizirovannye. Crimea si bwanji, monga anthu ake anakuvoterani reunification ndi Russia.

mwapadera woyenera chipilala mtsogoleri wa proletariat lapansi. Mu Ukraine, apo panali atolankhani amatchedwa "leninopadom". Pozindikira kuti dekommunizirovat - izo ziri, kuphatikizapo ndiyotani pakuchotsa zikumbutso iliyonse m'mbuyomu Union, m'tauni anayamba kuponyera kumbali zitsulo awo zipilala kwa Lenin. Komatu kugwa ziboliboli sanasiye kukwera.

Nduna za Atumiki anatengera phukusi la malamulo amene makamaka dekommuniziroval izo zikutanthauza - anadzatchedwa mzinda wonse nalo dzina lake pa nthawi ya Soviet Union. mzinda analandira maina atsopano, Dnepropetrovsk anatembenuka mu Dnieper.

Kuwulura yachokera ndi kufanana ndi denazification

mbali kwambiri decommunisation amakhulupirira kuti onse a dziko komwe malingaliro Communist boma ayenera amayesetsa kufufuza milandu anachita pa nthawi. Ie makamaka kutsatira chitsanzo cha boma German ndi kuyamba kuthamangitsa, chikominisi, kuti amaletsa zizindikiro zonse amatikumbutsa chikominisi.

Ena mwa amalimbikitsa kwambiri kwakukulu kwa ndondomeko ino amakhulupirira kuti boma ayenera kukhala kwambiri dekommunizirovat. Tanthauzo kwa iwo, mu nkhani iyi, mulinso ndi lustration, mwachitsanzo malamulo malamulo pa ufulu wa kumbali ya boma m'mbuyomu. Komabe, si andale kuthandiza miyeso lolimba pa njira yovuta.

Chihangare zinachitikira decommunisation

Anthu a Hungary zimene anachita kukhulupirira osati nkhanza za ulamuliro wake, komanso bwino anakumana mphamvu ya Soviet Union, anapondereza kugalukira ndi anthu akasinja mu 1956.

Pakuti Chihangare dekommunizirovat boma - sikungokhudza kuchotsa zizindikiro chikominisi pa pamakoma a maofesi a boma, komanso kwathunthu kuletsa ntchito ya opondereza pa kaonedwe ka malamulo, zokomera misampha.

Ndipo mu ndondomeko ya boma la Hungary chabe prirovnyat chikominisi kuti German Nazism, ndi upandu ulamuliro wake mu ulamuliro wa Nazi. Tsopano, aliyense amene akufuna kutsutsa mfundo za umbanda kapena kunyalanyaza kufunika, anakumana ndi m'ndende. Khoti mwina amalowerera chilango kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zitatu.

Chotero lamulo nayenso anatengedwa mu Bulgaria, komwe munthu adatsutsika pansi. Kuti akakhale zaka seveni m'ndende, linatuluka pa malo thanzi chaka chotsatira. Choncho boma latsopano waonetsa kusiyana kwake kwa akalambula ake ndi kusankha kusachita kuwononga munthu mayenje a mdima a. Ndipotu popanda nkhanza deskriditirovala chikominisi mfundo.

Dekommunizirovat - kodi tanthauzo mu Asia

Kudzera mwa Soviet Union, m'maulamuliro chikominisi akhazikitsidwa osati Eastern Europe komanso m'mayiko ambiri Asian. Ndipo kawirikawiri kulimbana ndale pakati pa magulu osiyana anatenga mawonekedwe owopsya kwathunthu.

Mwachitsanzo, mu Cambodia kwa investigative wofiira Khemri milandu ya boma, ndi nawo akatswiri ku United Nations kukhazikitsa khoti wapadera. Zinachitikira ulamuliro chikominisi anali yopweteka kwambiri kwa anthu wamba ndi osankhika ndale kuti mukachite naye kunali kosatheka popanda thandizo la mabungwe. Patatha zaka zinayi zokha mu Cambodia anaphedwa pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu nzika wosalakwa.

Chikambodiya boma anali kukhetsa mwazi kuti pansi kupondereza sanali oimira yekha wa osankhika yapita ndale, koma ngakhale Akhristu, Abuda ndi luntha wamba, amene anazitcha zinthu zovulaza kalasi.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti atagwa chikominisi, boma latsopano mu malo oyamba anaganiza chabe Sinthani dzina dziko lawo ubwenzi wotuluka kutulo, ndi imene boma lopondereza. Kuyambira pamenepo, Cambodia linadzatchedwa Republic of Kampuchea.

Letsani Decommunization ku Russia

Chikadzangotha kugwa kwa Soviet Union, owolowa manja okonda nzika anaganiza kukachititsa de A-Stalinization ndi De-Sovietization, mwachitsanzo kuchotsa zizindikiro za ulamuliro chikominisi ndikatha Khrushchev anadzudzula Stalin.

Chotsatirapo cha kudzitamandira ambiri, ndi Lubyanka Square anali anagwetsa chipilala kuti Dzerzhinsky - mwina woimira kwambiri odious cha ziwalo chitetezo boma. Pa nthawi yomweyo zizindikiro za mphamvu Soviet anachotsedwa amadzibisa ena, koma ambiri a iwo anapulumuka. Ligwiritse nyenyezi wofiira pa nsanja boma la Russia.

M'mizinda yambiri Russian maziko a gulu loyimba la mabwalo chapakati, pamodzi ndi nyumba Council City ndi Palace ya Culture, akadali chipilala kuti Lenin. Zinthu ngati akufuna kutali si anthu onse ndipo nthawi zambiri sculptural zikuchokera ndi mtsogoleri wa proletariat kukhala chandamale cha kuukira vandals, koma pambuyo kuti boma mzinda mofulumira kusintha ndi kujambula manda, kuyesera kuti awapulumutse iwo ku kuukira lotsatira. Dekommuniziroval - tanthauzo la mawu a ku Russia mwina asanamvetsetse. Koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti nthawi Siingabwezedwe.

mpatuko Stalin la Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Ndithu mofulumira zinaonekeratu kuti dekommunizirovat - izi ndi zovuta ndi wautali, ndipo pakalibe kuuzidwa chikhalidwe, kuli kovuta. Mwatsoka, chifukwa cha kulephera yake decommunisation dziko anakhala ambiri chitsitsimutso cha mwambo wa Stalin. malo onse atsopano ndi latsopano nakayimika kudutsa dziko, makamaka mu North Caucasus mayiko. Pa nthawi yomweyo Padalibe zofufuza mu milandu imene inachitika pa mphamvuzonse wake.