Ufumu wa zomera: Zitsanzo siyana zofunika mwadongosolo ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo awo

Yerekezerani mwadongosolo siyana mbewu ufumu, kupereka zitsanzo za zinthu izi, mwachindunji maonekedwe a nyumba zawo ... Ngati muli ndi bvuto ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito imeneyi, nkhani yathu adzakuthandizani kumvetsa nkhani imeneyi.

Zizindikiro za ufumu chomera

zamoyo zonse zokhala dziko lathuli, asayansi nawo mu Ufumu wa chirengedwe. Zomera, zitsanzo zomwe tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino, ndi mbali zawo zapadera. Choyamba, ndi autotrophic njira kudya. zomera zokha angathe yopangira zinthu organic ndi mpweya ndi madzi ndi mpweya woipa pamaso pa dzuwa. Malo photochemical ndondomeko lamavutoli yotchedwa photosynthesis, ndi wobiriwira organelles chomera selo - chloroplasts.

Mbali khalidwe la anthu a ufumu amamangiriridwa moyo, kukula malire, zomwe kukupitirirabe moyo, ndi kukhalapo kwa wowuma zimam'patsa monga michere wogwirizira.

chomera systematics

Kufufuza mwadongosolo ufumu wa zomera, zitsanzo zomwe tidzakambirana mwa ife mopitirira, zochokera dongosolo ambiri zizindikiro. Poyamba, amaphatikizidwa m'magulu awiri: m'munsi ndi apamwamba. thupi loyamba wapangidwa ndi maselo ambiri apadera, amene si kupanga zimakhala, wotchedwa Thallus mzaka. A apamwamba ndi dongosolo zovuta za masamba ndi tsinde.

zomera m'munsi

Izi ndi zinthu zophweka kwambiri zimene amaimira ufumu wa zomera. Zitsanzo zake amadziwika onse. kelp izi, kapena Seaweed, sorgassum, chlamydomonas, ulothrix, Volvox, Spirogyra. Pakati pawo pali umodzi, multicellular ndi atsamunda zamoyo. Onse a iwo amakhala madzi. Kupatula Thallus kuti undifferentiated thupi la algae, ali rhizoids. nyumba izi mwina kuchita ntchito ya mizu, koma musati kupanga zimakhala kuposa, ndipo amasiyana iwo. Monga madzi wokha amathandiza mawonekedwe a Thallus, algae palibe minofu makina.

zomera apamwamba

Zomera zimene amapanga zimakhala weniweni ndi ziwalo, amatchedwa apamwamba. owayimilira oyambirira amene anabwera kuchokera mmadzi kudziko, ndi oimira spore lapansi. Iwo ndere, kalabu ndere, horsetails ndi Mumapezekanso. M'malo rhizoids ena a iwo amaoneka fibrous mizu, amene kumawonjezera mtengo pa kusinthidwa kuthawa mobisa. Iwo kubereka mwa asexual kubalana maselo - spores. Chinthu china ndi kusinthana kwa mibadwo mu dongosolo moyo wawo. kovuta kupeza mbewu zomera, izo anawapatsa mwayi kumalamulira dziko.

Ufumu wa zomera: Zitsanzo ndi gulu

Wofalitsa ntchito mbewu amapereka zomera m'pamenenso kupulumuka zinthu chowawa malo. Taganizirani chitsanzo cha makamaka conifers. Iwo oimira Dipatimenti ya Gymnosperms. Mbali awo khalidwe ndi kukhalapo masamba woonda ndi masingano wa ducts utomoni mu thunthu. A chidwi - malo a mbewu pa phirilo mamba anabala kapena lotseguka. Choncho dzina la iwo. Komabe, mu otsika kutentha kapena kusowa kwa madzi, iwo alibe onse zimere. Koma, mosiyana ndi awiri, mbewu nyumba multicellular ndipo ndi zakudya wapadera - endosperm.

Mu malo zambiri zaphindu ndi angiosperms. Iwo apanga maluwa ndi zipatso, ndiwo kukula ndi kusasitsa za mbewu. Kapangidwe Zimenezi zimapereka ndi chitetezo zina, gwero la kutentha ndi mphamvu. Angiosperms dipatimenti Chili makalasi awiri: Mmodzi ndi Dicotyledons. Zoyambazo ndi Muzu osakwatira Ndisanaumbidwe ndi, fibrous mizu, yosavuta liniya masamba. Zikuphatikizapo banja mbewu monga chimanga, anyezi ndi Liliaceae. Onsewo ndi herbaceous zomera chifukwa chosowa cambium - mbali ya nsalu maphunziro. More zosiyanasiyana komanso bipartite ambiri. Kupatula chiwerengero cha cotyledons chimasiyanitsa iwo dongosolo taproot, onse masamba zovuta ndi yosavuta, pamaso pa cambium lapansi. Pakati pawo palinso masamba ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo. Iwo ali Ambiri Bzalani Ufumu. Zitsanzo za ambiri - ndi Rosaceae, kabichi, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, nyemba.

Mtengo wa oimira ufumu chomera

Mtengo wa oimira yonse ya zomera ndi zovuta Musaone, chifukwa iwo kupereka zonse zamoyo kofunika chikhalidwe cha moyo - oxygen. Ndere ndi chuma kuyambira kwa kupanga zinthu biologically yogwira mankhwala, zina chakudya ndi utoto. Gymnosperms amadziwika pamaso pa ulimi loopsali ndi nkhuni wapatali. Munthu akadya zipatso ndi mbali ya zomera maluwa.

Choncho, Ufumu wa zomera, zitsanzo ndi mbali mwadongosolo omwe m'nkhani ino, osiyana wolowezana yeniyeni chitukuko zosiyanasiyana limathandiza kwambiri mu moyo wa dziko.