Tribal mapangano - ndi chiyani ichi? Center mafuko mgwirizano Drevlyane

Tribal mabungwe - izi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu mitundu ya gulu la anthu, kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa dongosolo wosazindikira limodzi.

zimayambitsa awo anali osiyana zipembedzo ndipo m'zilembo Asilavo, komanso kusiyana mu masomphenya, ndi kusankha njira ya chitukuko mbiri. Tribal mapangano - ndiko kunena kuti, woyamba silifuna sitepe kwa kukhala boma.

Kutchula koyamba kugwirizana fuko

Kungotchula loyamba la mafuko osiyanasiyana mu chimene tsopano ndi Russia, ndiyeno - Russia limapezeka mu "nthano ya makedzana Zaka". Komabe, lingaliro la mafuko mu nyengo imeneyo mbiri sizinkatanthauza kanthu kena: wa Asilavo m'dera ndiye agawanika pa maziko dera lawo, ndipo aliyense "fuko" anali pa dera komanso angapo m'madera onsewo. "Nthano ya makedzana Zaka" - pa Nkhani ya molondola zambiri limati anakakhala pa malire a maiko Asilavo masiku ano, m'madera onsewo ya boma.

Madziko ndi zizindikiro za mapangano fuko

olemba mbiri amakono apeza angapo zizindikiro za mgwirizano mafuko. Madera amasiyana:

• mutu ndi ngakhale dzina la mtundu (Kupititsa kapena generic);
• malo;
• miyambo ndi malamulo a makolo awo (mawu zikuphatikizapo maliro ndi ukwati miyambo ndi miyambo);
• chilankhulo.

Tribal mabungwe - ndi midzi ochepa ndi ufulu wosankha, ali ngati likulu la gulu la anthu. Zakutchire, mwachitsanzo, makamaka matalala anali Kiev, pamene Krivichy - Smolensk.

Ku maganizo a dongosolo ndale mabungwe a mafuko anapambana cholowa ulamuliro, ndi, kusintha kwa ulamuliro wa Prince (munthu wamkulu) kwa mlowammalo wake ndi wamkulu wa banja.

Asilikali mafuko mgwirizano monga mtundu wa mapangano fuko

Asilikali mafuko mgwirizano - mtundu wa mgwirizano mafuko kuphatikiza angapo m'midzi, kapena mbali fuko kulanda dziko komanso kuteteza malire awo kwa adani. kuti Political mayanjano akhoza kumatanthauza maganizo "demokalase usilikali".

A chitsanzo chapadera ndi lutici amene ankakhala tsopano ndi German boma limati (District Western Pomerania ndi Brandenburg) asilikali mafuko mgwirizano. Malo ukwati wawo anali Radogost ndi Arkona. Cholinga cha ukwati wawo anali olemera dziko imagwira. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri ku Denmark kwa zaka zambiri analipira msonkho lutici.

Ndipo izi mgwirizano mafuko m'zaka khumi mochedwa, anakanitsitsa kulamulira German ndipo anatsogolera kugalukira, motero kusakhulupirira ndondomeko kwazaka mazana awiri zaka.

chipembedzo Lutici, monga ambiri a mafuko Asilavo, anali chikunja. Sizikudziwika zimene nthawi zingakhale vuto kumadera onse oyandikana ndi asilikali mafuko mgwirizano, ngati si yapachiweniweni nkhondo pakati pa mafuko ake membala m'zaka 11. Zotsatirazi zochitika izi, kale amphamvu ndi mgwirizano msanga unatha.

Development kugwirizana mafuko Europe

Ndi chiyambi cha 7 m'ma BC ku Ulaya uncoupling Asilavo anayamba. Asilavo kupanga latsopano mabungwe mafuko akanatha:

• kusunga dzina lakale la fuko;
• itanani Union wanu mitundu ya malo kapena midzi, kutenga peculiarities chifukwa cha gawo;
• anapatsidwa dzina la ukwati m'malo mwa mutu wa banja ndi.

Asilavo anakakhala kawirikawiri pakati pa machitidwe mtsinje awiri, ndiwo mtundu wa malire a mgwirizano umodzi. Monga resettlement zinali woyenera kwambiri mfundo za citukuko ca ulimi. Posowa mitsinje m'madera ena malire akanatha kukhala zithaphwi, nkhalango kuwoloka kapena mapiri.

Ngati ogaŵikana zigawo za mgwirizano mafuko a Asilavo kum'mawa, zidzakhala magulu 4 osiyana:

• kumpoto m'madera onsewo amene zikuchokera akhoza ndi mawu, Krivichy ndi Polotsk;
• chapakati imene tikunena Vyatichi, Dregovichi ndi Radimichi;
• West, wopangidwa mwa Croatia woyera, ndi Burza volynyan;
• kum'mwera mapangano mafuko, kuphatikizapo ake northerners umembala Drevlyane, minda ndi Ulichi.

Kiyi mabungwe mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo

, названия которых на слуху у каждого образованного человека. Lambulani drevlyans, vyatichi - ndi mabungwe mafuko, amene maina amamveka kaŵirikaŵiri munthu aliyense ophunzira. Awa ndi mabungwe, amene angafune kudzatunga chidwi cha ophunzira mu kuphunzira mbiriyakale, ndi kuti mwina n'ngosaiŵalika. Kumene migwirizano mafuko anali zambiri. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 10, chiwerengero chawo wakula kwambiri ndiponso ndinathetsa kuti ambiri, ngakhale oyandikana mapangano kale akuvutika kumvetsa chilankhulo wina ndi mzake. The zambiri mfundo pa mafuko awa:

• buzhans;
• Volhynians;
• vyatichi;
• drevlyans;
• Dregovichi;
• Duleby;
• Ilmen Slovenia;
• krivichi;
• kudula;
• rodimichi;
• northerners;
• Tivertsy;
• Ulichi.

The ntchito yaikulu ya kum'mawa mapangano Asilavo fuko

Kumene, maziko zochita za anthu a nthawi imeneyo anali ulimi. Lambulani drevlyans, vyatichi - ndi migwirizano mafuko wamkulu m'madera awo ambiri monga chimanga ndi masamba mbewu. Amene chogwidwa ndi tirigu, buckwheat, rye. Asangalala kukula turnips, kaloti, radish, kabichi. mafuko kale ntchito pochita ulimi grinders, millstones, zikwakwa ndi makasu.

M'madera steppe Pashneva sanachite ndi kusuntha kulima, chinachake chofanana kwa slash ndiponso kutentha: ndi moto ndi kudula zomera anali chitakonzedwa m'dera mbewu kukula ndi phulusa ali ndi feteleza achilengedwe.

Kum'mawa mafuko Asilavo chinkhoswe nyama, nsomba, nyama husbandry ndi apiculture. Kuyanga handicrafts malonda. Trade chinathandiza pamaso pa chotero mtsempha wamagazi wamphamvu kutumiza, monga Dnieper.

NKHANI mabungwe moyo chitsanzo Drevlyane

Drevlyans - mafuko mgwirizano, litatenga dera lamakono Chiyukireniya Polesye ndi kumanja Bank Ukraine. Pa dera la mgwirizano mafuko anapita Mtsinje 4:

• Ubort.
• Kwambiri.
• Kosangalatsa.
• Grouse.

Mozungulira ndi mabungwe Drevlyane anali Dregovichi, Volhynians ndi buzhans. Dzina "drevlyans" olemba kufotokoza kukhalapo mu nkhalango kuika mgwirizano m'madera ndi likumasuliridwa kuti "nkhalango anthu".

Center Drevlyane mafuko mgwirizano - mulu Korosten. Cacikulu Drevlyansky mafuko mgwirizano inkakhala midzi 24.

Drevlyans anakhala zikomo wotchuka ndi "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" ndipo anafotokoza mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi kulowa kwa Kievan Yairo ndi imposition a msonkho. Choyamba mafuko opanduka chikangoperekedwa ndi msonkho kwa Oleg, koma pambuyo pa imfa yake drevlyans waive zingati, ndipo Prince Igor, amene anayesa kuwagonjetsa, analanda mwankhanza kuphedwa, inang'ambika pakati. Kenako, olamulira Drevlyansky fuko anayesa amukopere kwa wamasiye wake.

Mu Kievan Lazaro drevlyans analowa pamene Mfumukazi Olga, kubwezera mwamuna wake ndi m'manda wamoyo Drevlyansky akazembe. Komabe, izi sizinaimitse Dowager Duchess, ndi chimodzimodzi "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" Nestor anafotokoza woyaka drevlyan Korosten likulu: nkhunda, abwerera kumka ku Drevlyansky Center, iwo Ufumuyo zidutswa za moto chingwe chabwazi ndi imvi. Pa moto anapha anthu oposa zikwi zinayi. Zinali nthaŵi yofunika, kenako chinachitika kujowina mafuko mgwirizano Drevlyane kuti Kiev.

Amafufuza zamakezana ndi akupezabe kumanda chitunda Drevlyane: makamaka manda awo anali kuti wakufayo anali unachita kutenthedwa atamwalira, zotsalira ali anatsanulira mu urn dongo ndipo m'manda pansi pa mulu wa.

Pomaliza

Tribal mabungwe - mfundo, ndi lero, chidwi mbiri yakale komanso ethnographers. Iwo ali ndi kagawo kakang'ono mu kuphunzira ofukula ano ndi akatswiri a zinenero.