N'ngopatsirana mapangidwe - ndondomeko sporulation. zitsanzo

Mu chikhalidwe, pali mabakiteriya omwe luso lapadera kupanga spores. Monga ndondomeko izi zimachitika, kuti mikangano ngati owerenga amaphunzira ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

mikangano

Kodi zamoyo wopangidwa mwa selo imodzi, umene pali chulutsa ndi kufalitsa. Kodi mkangano? Pomasulira - mbewu limeneli kufesa mbewu. Spores kuchulukitsa bowa, ndere, lichens, zomera ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya.

Kusamvana zosiyana. Choncho, zomera ndi bowa akamagwira ntchito ya kubereka, ndi tizilombo - palibe. The spores mabakiteriya kuwateteza ku zinthu zoipa, koma osati mabakiteriya onse amanenedwa ndi katundu amenewa.

Kodi mkangano? bakiteriya Izi kakhumi zochepa mabakiteriya foni lokha, lomwe anapanga. Likhoza kuwononga ndi mankhwala wapadera kapena lawi lotseguka.

Viability wa spores kuti amasirira. Tizilombo timeneti tosaoneka ukapitirize kwa nthawi yaitali, kwa zaka chikwi. Koma, kamodzi zinthu zabwino, akusinthika, mofulumira ndi chulukanani.

Species mabakiteriya n'ngopatsirana kupanga

Spores akhoza kupanga yekha mabakiteriya-nkhuni. Malinga ndi kukula kwa mtsutso ndi:

• Bacillus - otchedwa yaying'ono-zamoyo, mfundo kukula ndi zosakwana kachigawo nkhuni. Ndipamene pamene mabakiteriya sporulation sasintha.
• Clostridium - kutsutsana kumuposa awiri maselo. Mabakiteriya kuyamba pathupi ndipo tikhale ndi spindle woboola pakati.

The ndondomeko ya sporulation mwa mabakiteriya monga cocci ndi convoluted ali osowa kwambiri, zosiyana.

oyambitsa

Izi n'ngopatsirana kupanga mabakiteriya mu mawonekedwe a timitengo, chifukwa cha mtundu wa pafupi zaka mazana awiri mitundu. Wosiyana asporogenous tizilombo ikuluikulu kukula. Pakati oyambitsa ali tizilombo, zovulaza thanzi la munthu.

Zikuphatikizapo tizilombo ta matenda, zomwe ndi wothandizila causative wa antratsis - Bacillus likulowerera kudzera zotupa pa khungu ndi limachita poizoni pa nsalu, amene anawononga pambuyo pake. Nthumwi causative wa tizilombo ta matenda ndi pafupifupi wambawamba. Iwo sangakhoze lidzawonongedwa ndi kutentha, kuwala ndi mankhwala kanthu. Only katemera.

clostridia

mabakiteriya Awa n'ngopatsirana kupanga malingaliro, mawu zina amatchedwa ziyenera. Clostridia lalikulu kukula ndi mawonekedwe a ndodo yokhota kumapeto. Iwo makamaka moyo ku zamoyo, ali m'manja immobile. Zoyambazo michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana.

Clostridium ndi katundu tizilombo, amanenedwa ndi kapisozi-superstructure. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chilengedwe kunja si kulankhula ndi khungu, ndi mu kapisozi a.

Clostridia zambiri mitundu, ena amene zingabweretse ziphe poizoni monga poizoni - amphamvu organic poizoni. Chitsanzo cha mitundu tizilombo wa Clostridia ndi wothandizila causative wa botulism, chilonda, kafumbata.

N'ngopatsirana lomenyera mabakiteriya

Zimenezi zikachitika akanika pamene mphamvu zokwanira, mpweya zouma malo lalikulu zedi ali m'bukuli zoipa mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya, kusinthasintha lakuthwa kutentha zimachitika. Mwachidule: sporulation - ndi limagwirira kuti zipangitsa kupulumuka bakiteriya m'mikhalidwe yovuta. SUMMARY spore mapangidwe imakhala chakuti ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono amachepetsa ndi amachepetsa mphamvu ya njira kagayidwe kachakudya.

сложный процесс. N'ngopatsirana mapangidwe - ndondomeko zovuta. The cytoplasm amayamba kutaya chinyezi, iko kumaundanitsa ndi Akusonkhanitsa thupi la mabakiteriya. Pamenepo yokutidwa ndi chipolopolo wandiweyani mu zigawo zingapo impermeable zothetsera osiyana, natenga maonekedwe a mapangidwe latsopano zozungulira, ovoid kapena chowulungika, wotchedwa n'ngopatsirana. Mu chipolopolo wandiweyani spores okhwima a DNA kaphatikizidwe yafupika yochepa. mabakiteriya selo kholo zikadzawonongedwa, mayi akutaya mlandu kuzitsutsa.

Kuchuluka chipolopolo mu thupi okwana spores peresenti makumi asanu. длительный процесс, для завершения которого необходимо около двадцати часов. N'ngopatsirana mapangidwe - njira yaitali, chimene chili chofunika kumalizidwa kwa pafupi twente maola. Maonekedwe maselo zikhale chimodzimodzi kapena kusinthidwa. Izo zimatengera chimene kukula ndi mkangano ndi kumene ali pamtunda. Ngati pakati - ndiye khungu limakhala ngati ndimu, ndi keg kapena spindle.

N'ngopatsirana mapangidwe - kusintha mawonekedwe selo monga chomaliza ndondomeko zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, kafumbata Bacillus spores mapangidwe limapezeka kumapeto kwa selo, kuchititsa zimatengera pa lonse mtundu watsopano ndi kukhala ngati drumstick.

N'ngopatsirana kupanga mabakiteriya zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi yozizira koopsa, kuyanika, yaitali kapena yochepa kuwira, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala. Pali vegetative njira mabakiteriya mapangidwe ndi sporulation. Zitsanzo za otsiriza: wothandizila causative matenda monga tizilombo ta matenda, botulism, kafumbata ndi ena okhala saprophytic nthaka, amene angapezeke mu manyowa.

kumera

Pamene chipolopolo limalowera mu mfundo malo abwino kwa iye, iye akuyamba pathupi. ndondomeko izi zimachitika malinga chipolopolo si inawonongedwa. Pa nthawi imene nsalu chipolopolo wang'ambidwa, kudzera kugula wamng'ono khola ili lalikulu ndi ku malo akunja.

Mu njira iyi, ndi spores Zidamera mu aerobic mabakiteriya. mabakiteriya Anaerobic Musataye awo akunja envelopu selo pa sporulation. Kuchokera kunja, ndi mkangano si kulankhula ndi sing'anga, kukhudzana ake ndi selo nembanemba chikuchitika. Pamene pali zinthu zabwino, zakudya kulowa maselo kudzera choncho. Spores kumera.

Mabakiteriya ndi chakudya

Sporulation ndi osafunika mabakiteriya pa processing ndi kusunga mankhwala osiyana. Ngati ndondomeko izi zimachitika, kulimbana yaying'ono-zamoyo kudzakhala kovuta. Kuti thupilo spores mu zakudya zamzitini Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ayenera chosawilitsidwa, amene ali m'munsi zidazo. Mosadzasintha kusunga mkaka, ndi chosawilitsidwa, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kufa katundu koyamba ndi vitamini A. kuona kuti: Kutentha kutentha pa njira yolera yotseketsa - madigiri 120.

Pasteurization, kuti musunge zakudya pazipita, mkaka ndi mkangano digiri 80-90 mu zonse. Amakhudza alumali moyo: mkaka zofunkha mwamsanga, choncho spores siumafa pa pasteurization, koma m'malo mwake, pa firiji, iwo kumera ndi kuyamba kuchulukitsa mofulumira, chifukwa cha zomwe ndi mankhwala owonongedwa.