Kunja ndi mkati kapangidwe Amphioxus

Lancetshaped Slug - kuti ndi nthawi yaitali otchedwa nyama mwachinsinsi. Tsopano asayansi kupidziwa onse kwambiri m'thupi mwa nthumwi ambiri wosazindikira a mtundu wa Chordates. Maonekedwe, kapangidwe mkati mwa Amphioxus ndi mbali ya njira zake zokhudza thupi ndipo m'nkhani yathu.

History of anapeza ndi malo

M'nthawi ya 18, wotchuka Russian wapaulendo ndi wasayansi Peter Simon Sitimayo inagunda opezeka Black Sea madzi translucent cholengedwa yaing'ono. Kunja, izo zinkawoneka ngati mollusk a. mudziwe zambiri ndi kapangidwe ka Amphioxus anasonyeza kuti chamoyo ndi chordates wakale. Kwa iye ochokera onse inakhala.

Amphioxus m'chilengedwe angapezeke pansi pa nyanja ndipo nyanja. Moyo m'manda mu mchenga pa akuya mamita 25. Mphutsi za nyama opezeka zomera za - ndi akaphatikiza zomera ndi nyama padziko madzi. Ngati mchenga kwambiri lotayirira, Amphioxus burrow mu izo kwambiri ndi Anaika kunja mbali yaing'ono chabe ya kumaso kwa thupi. Ngati pamwamba pansi wapangidwa ndi matope, iwo monga kunama padziko. Amphioxus ngakhale kusuntha pakati pa particles mchenga yonyowa.

Nyama zimenezi amakonda kuthetsa madera, chiwerengero cha anthu umene ufikira anthu ambiri. Kupanga migrations nyengo, pamodzi iwo kuthetsa mtunda wa makilomita angapo.

Kunja dongosolo Amphioxus

Kapangidwe ka Amphioxus, kapena m'malo mawonekedwe thupi, kutsimikiza dzina lake. Maonekedwe ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi chida opaleshoni. Iwo amatchedwa Lancet. Thupi la nyama flattened laterally. The kumaso ndi tapered ndi kumbuyo oblique odulidwa. Kumbali ventral ndi dorsal chimakwirira makutu mawonekedwe, amene kuphatikiza mu lanceolate mchira chipsyepsye pa kumbuyo kwa thupi. Makulidwe a nyama zimenezi ang'ono - mpaka masentimita 8.

zophimba

Amphioxus kunja kapangidwe - makamaka chivundikiro thupi. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi nsalu chivundikiro - wosanjikiza umodzi wa epithelium. Kuchokera pamwamba ndi ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza zonyalazo cuticle lapansi. Monga nsomba, maselo a khungu kubala zambiri ntchofu okuta thupi lonse. Mu nsalu chivundikiro ndi wosanjikiza minofu connective.

Mafupa ndi minofu

Avilable Amphioxus kumatanthauza ndi dongosolo popereka thandizo ndi kayendedwe. Iwo anakonza m'malo achikale. Mafupa umaimiridwa ndi poyambira, amene amayendetsa pamodzi thupi lonse kuchokera kumaso mmbuyo. Musculature ali mawonekedwe a m'magawo awiri. Iwo amene achotsedwa pa mbali zonse za ofananira chingwe. Chotero eg limachititsa kuti agwire Amphioxus yokha kayendedwe mobwerezabwereza. Ndi minofu iye anaŵerama thupi mbali. The notochord komanso amachita ngati achotse ndi - limakuwongola Amphioxus.

Features ya kapangidwe mkati mwa Amphioxus

Kapangidwe mkati mwa izo mwa chordates ambiri wosazindikira. mtundu awo chabe chakudya. nyama zimenezi fyuluta feeders. M'mimba dongosolo sequentially. Amakhala mkamwa, pakhosi ndipo matumbo ndi outgrowth chiwindi tubular. Gwero mphamvu kwa Amphioxus ndi nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, ciliates, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya algae, mphutsi za chordates ena.

Madzi kusefera kumagwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya kupuma. Pa makoma za pharynx ndi ya maselo ndi cilia. zochita zawo amalenga otaya zonse madzi wakupambana mwa pharynx ndi gill slits. Iwo anagwiritsanso mpweya kuwombola. Kenako, madzi adzamasulidwa kwa kunja mwa pore gill. Ndiponso, mpweya mayamwidwe ndi kumasulidwa mpweya woipa kumachitika mwa chophimba thupi.

Mu Amphioxus ndi apadera ziwalo excretion. Iwo amatchedwa Nephridia. angapo Izi wophatikizidwa masikono. Iwo kwathunthu kusinthitsa thupi, ndi kumalekezero kutsegula kwa kunja M'mimbamo okolozhabernuyu.

Mitsempha ya magazi si kutsekedwa. Amakhala ndi ziwiya ziwiri - ndi ventral ndi dorsal. Mtima akusowa. Ndi ntchito ya chotengera m'mimba mwa mwazi wa amazungulira ripple. Iwo zimasakanikirana ndi M'mimbamo madzimadzi, kutsuka ziwalo chotero wozengereza mpweya kuwombola.

Mantha dongosolo tichipeza chubu pabwino pamwamba poyambira pa. Zilibe kupanga thickening, kotero mu ubongo Amphioxus kwina. Chotero dongosolo wosazindikira ya ubongo ndipo kumayambitsa chitukuko osauka a maganizo. Iwo amakhala ndi dzenje olfactory, yomwe ili kumapeto kutsogolo kwa thupi. Iwo amatha kudziwa zinthu mankhwala pano mu madzi boma kusungunuka. Apa lili ndi tentacles kuti atumikire monga chiwalo chogwirika. Pamodzi chubu ubongo ndi maselo photosensitive.

Kubereka ndi chitukuko

Kapangidwe mkati mwa Amphioxus kudziŵa mtundu cha ziwalo zoberekera. Ndi nyama dioecious ndi umuna kunja. Development wa mozungulira chifukwa cha mazira kukhala mu mphutsi, amene poyamba tiwolokere ku madzi ndi amafanana nsomba mwachangu. Iwo amadya, kukula, ndipo patapita nthawi lakuya pansi, kuzikwirira kumalekezero a thupi mu mchenga. Amphioxus Moyo amayembekezeka ndi zaka 3-4.

Kutanthauza Amphioxus mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

Ku Asia Amphioxus kudya. Ndipo m'dera lino ali mitundu chandamale kwa zaka mazana angapo. Asodzi kuwatengera iwo molunjika kuchokera maboti mu nthawi kuchokera August kwa January, maora angapo pambuyo mafunde otsika. Kuchita izi, ntchito chida chapadera. Ndi sieve pa mtengo wa nsugwi. Pa chaka, tinakwera angapo matani Amphioxus. Kuyambira kudakonzedweratu mbale choyamba, akhoza yokazinga, yophika kapena zouma kwa katundu. The nyama izi ndi zopatsa thanzi kwambiri, wolemera mu zomanga thupi ndi mafuta.

Amphioxus ali wosazindikira m'madzi chordates kuti ali m'magulu monga subtype Golovohordovye bescherepnyh. Iwo kukhala moyo wongokhala ndi kudya ndi sefa. Panopa, iwo sali chandamale mitundu kokha, komanso ntchito pochita kafukufuku chifukwa kuphunzira chiyambi ndi malo taxonomic mu nyama mu dziko analola kuzindikira dongosolo mu zamoyo wa chordates.