Ndi Cathedral yaikulu ya Moscow Kremlin chiyani?

Moscow Kremlin - lofunika mapulani gulu loyimba osati Russia komanso mu Europe. Iwo ili pa magombe a Moscow Mtsinje, mu mtima likulu Russian. The tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin Uspensky. Ndicho za izo m'nkhani yathu.

Kopanda Cathedral - pa tchalitchi chachikulu cha boma la Russia

M'dziko lililonse, kuyesera mosamala kusunga zipilala, zomwe zili zofunikira mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe. Ambiri a iwo ntchito lero. Ndi nazonso ndi Mpingo Mfundo - pa tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin.

Ngakhale mu 1326, linamangidwa m'dera Moscow mwala woyamba nyumba ya tchalitchi otchuka. Yomanga zinachitikadi kuyang'aniridwa wa Metropolitan wa St. Peter mkulu wa Prince Ioanna Kality. Pali lomwe m'malo kuyala maziko a mpingo matabwa anali kale.

The tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin - icho chiri, ndipo izo zikuwoneka ngati lero? Pa - pa.

Bookmark ndi erection akachisi

The tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin amatchedwa Akukwera. Yomanga kachisi anatumikira monga chochitika yofunika kwambiri chifukwa Moscow analengeza mzinda throned. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale ndipo Maulendo a atsogoleri izo akadziwa kuti Mfundo Cathedral - ali woyamba mu Moscow mwala mpingo, omwe anakhala kachisi chachikulu cha Russia, potero kutenga sitepe pamwamba pa Vladimir Church.

Mu 1327, pamene ntchito yomanga inatha, ndipo mu tchalitchi anayamba kugwira ntchito, Metropolitan Peter adachoka dziko lochimwa, ndipo anapumula pakumanga kachisi kumpoto. Ndi manda malo pafupi ndi guwa lansembe.

kachisi kukonzanso

Choncho, Akukwera Mpingo unali pa tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin. Pakuti theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XV, John V., Russian kalonga, amene anali pansi pa ulamuliro ukulu wonse, anayamba kukonzanso kwa Mfundo Cathedral, motero kupanga yatsopano yogona.

Ndi 1472, pa kusanthula kachisi anamalizidwa. Kumangira latsopano, nyumba zambiri zazikulu za tchalitchi tinaitanidwa odziwika bwino pa mapulani nthawi Myshkin ndi Krivtsov. Koma kachisi sikunali kuima kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo anagwa. Yomanga izi sanamalize, ngakhale mlandu umenewu kukhudza pa maganizo. Prince amakopeka akuzisunga bwino za mmisiri Italy Fioravanti Aristotle.

latsopano yomanga inatenga zaka zinayi, zojambula ntchito ya Vladimir Cathedral. Ndipo kuyambira 1479 mmodzi wa zipilala wamkulu wa Chikhristu inamangidwa m'dera Moscow, omwe anakhala ulemerero Kremlin. The kudzipereka kwa kachisi, ndi mu mfundo njirayi ndi Madongosolo a nyumba amenewa, ndawala latsopano matauni - Gerontiy Moskovsky, ndiyeno chikumbukiro cha woyera poyamba anabwerera ku mphamvu kachisi Petro.

Koma ngakhale pambuyo mpingo ndekha, ndipo anapitiriza kutsata chiwonongeko. Mu 1812, pamene ndinali pakati pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pa tchalitchi mwatsatanetsatane ransacked ndi asilikali a Napoleon. Pang'ono izo anakwanitsa Yamba kubedwa kumbuyo, ndi siliva anapangidwa chandelier kuti imakongoletsa mzinda wa kachisi.

tiakachisi tsoka mu zaka XIX-XX

The tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin ndi chipilala wamkulu wa Nyumba lonse European. Komabe, nthawi sanalekerere nyumba iyi, pa nthawi anayamba pang'onopang'ono apasuke.

Mu theka lachiwiri la XIX - zoyambirira za XX m'ma anayamba ntchito yobwezeretsa. Choyamba akatswiri anayamba akumanganso malo guwa, kuti frescoes anali azindikira pachibwenzi kwa zaka XV-XVI. Kubwezeretsa nyumbayo ikuchitika kwa zaka zingapo ndipo linamalizidwa mu 1906.

Mu 1917, pambuyo mavuto oopsa wa October kuukira boma, pa tchalitchi anasanduka Museum, umene anagula mawonekedwe a gulu loyimba, yemwe yodziwika ndi kuteteza wathunthu wa m'mudzimo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, onse murals ndi zithunzi anatseguka chifukwa choonera anthu. Mu Soviet Union, ntchito kubwezeretsedwa mu Mfundo Cathedral sanali chinkhoswe. Ndipo mu mpanda wa kachisi adawomba kachiwiri songs, ndi utumiki adapitiriza mu 1990.

The tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin mbali mapulani

Amakopeka ndi Chitaliyana wamanga kwathunthu chinaonekeranso chifanizo cha Vladimir Mfundo Cathedral. Ndiko kuti, kapangidwe anali mtanda ozungulira mpingo, koma Nawonso wamanga wapanga zinthu zina zimene kwambiri otalikirana zinachitika ake. Zotsatizana ku tchalitchi cha mwala woyera ndi dongosolo monolithic. Mbiri anafotokoza m'kachisi "mwala umodzi" umene aakulu mpingo otchuka.

Kachisi anali kumusangalatsa, wapadera komanso lalikulu, arches ake mothandizidwa ndi zipilala yozungulira. nyumbayi analengedwa kotero lalikulu, kuti anali ngati holo yachifumu. Ngakhale masiku ano, anthu Mfundo Cathedral mu boma la Russia Square imatengedwa nyumba chofunika kwambiri komanso kalembedwe kuphedwa - ndi mumzindawo ndi zovuta. Tikumbukenso kuti fano la pa tchalitchi mu Moscow mpaka m'zaka XVII zinamangidwa pafupifupi mipingo ya Russia.

Kufotokozera za maonekedwe akunja a nyumba

Monga tanena pa tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin - dongosolo monolithic, amene anagawa anamaliza mizati, mizati m'mabwalo 12 kukula wofanana.

Pa yosalala zipupa za kunja kwa kachisi waima lamba-arcature ndi yopapatiza elongated mawindo. The tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin ndi-ozungulira asanu. Kuchokera kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa apse wa nyumbayi okutidwa ndi pylons.

Mkati mwa Cathedral kuti: zojambula ndi murals

Ntchito yomanga mkati anapanga ojambula zithunzi zabwino za nthawi. Inali ntchito chabe zazikulu ndi mpweya, ndipo ngakhale lero ena zidutswa anakhalabe pa guwa chotchinga. Pa frescoes akale, chojambulidwa cha chaka 1481, a Chimonko, moyo wodzimana akusonyezera. Komanso, ali kwambiri mbiri tanthauzo Zojambula pakhoma "Cincino Martyrs of Sebaste" wotchuka "molemekeza Amagi" komanso ntchito luso labwino.

Zotsatirazi apezeka zojambula pachibwenzi kwa zaka 1513-1515. Ngati inu kulipira akonzedwa view pa mpingo, inu mukhoza kuwona chithunzi cha kumwamba, mothandizidwa ndi zipilala kuvala iwo ofera. kuphatikiza uwu wadzadza ndi ophiphiritsa, chifukwa ngati mizati akugwira m'chipinda chotetezeka, ndi ofera akhalebe ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Khristu.

Kamangidwe chonse zojambula za Akukwera Cathedral mosamala kulinganizidwa ndi kumangidwa. Komanso, zithunzi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi pa gawo m'munsi wa tchalitchi makoma a Zisanu mipingo Zazipembedzo. Ndipo, malingana ndi mwambo, khoma kumadzulo ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zikuchokera "chiweruzo chotsiriza."

Pomaliza ...

The tchalitchi chachikulu wa Moscow Kremlin ndi Mfundo - olemekezeka mapulani chipilala wa zaka XIV-XV. Alendo ambiri ndi apaulendo kachisi ndi kukwapula osati kwa zomangamanga, komanso zodabwitsa, Interiors wapadera.