Alluvium - chifukwa cha ntchito za utuluke madzi

Kodi alluvium? The tanthauzo la mawu angaperekedwe m'njira zambiri. Izi zidalira pa amene ali ndi chidwi pankhani imeneyi. Wophunzirayo, wophunzirayo, chifukwa wapabanja, kusankha layman tanthauzo yosavuta zingamvekere osiyana.

Mwina munthu aliyense kamodzi pa moyo zimachitika pa mtsinje. Ndipo ngati izo zinachitika m'chaka, pamene chigumula, ndithu mwazindikira kuchuluka yaikulu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana (mwala, makombo a nthambi miyala, boulders, mchenga, matope, mitengo ndi chitsamba chilichonse, chabwino, ngati si osiyana zopangidwa zinyalala) anawuziridwa mtsinje pambuyo pake . Mfundo zonsezi ndi alluvium.

Choncho, alluvium - zonse zimadzetsa mtsinje? Ayi, ndendende. Ndiyeno, mwinamwake, alluvium - ali mbali ya njira imene mtsinje akuchita makolo ake thanthwe? Si choncho.

The tanthauzo sayansi akuti

Chabwino, tsopano ife tikumupereka iye chimodzimodzi tanthauzo zonse za sayansi. Alluvium - matope awa adayikidwa madzi mitsinje ongokhala nkhani osambitsidwa ndi zosankhidwa nkhani detrital ndi organic. Mawu likubwera kuchokera alluvio Latin, kutanthauza "Ntchito", "alluvium".

Alluvium madambo ndi mitsinje phiri

Pali mitundu iwiri waukulu alluvium, amene amadalira kwenikweni tectonics ndi mtunda, limene mtsinje umayenda. Izi phiri alluvium ndi mitsinje m'zigwa.

mitsinje Alluvium phiri

Mtsinje mu mapiri zambiri yodziwika ndi mlingo waukulu otaya madipoziti zigwirizana makamaka a miyala ndi mchenga. Kukhalabe bwino ndi miyala zofewa mulibe mwachidule nthawi mtsinje natengako pambuyo pake.

Sedimentation phiri mitsinje yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Amakhala ndi zinyalala coarse, amene chimapambana ukuluukulu;
• osiyanasiyana mchere zikuchokera zidutswa;
• osauka kusanja cha chuma;
• palibe stratification bwino.

Alluvium zigwa za mitsinje.

M'chipululu cha mitsinje m'munsi ikuyenda mlingo ndi moyenera, sangathe kunyamula mtunda pa nthawi coarse zidutswa.

Motero kuchititsa mitsinje m'zigwa ndi chibadidwe nkhani zina:

• melkooblomochnogo zigwirizana chuma chimene chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mchenga ndi mchenga loam;
• mokwanira homogeneous mchere zikuchokera;
• kusanja bwino za nkhani;
• pamaso pa coarse mtanda zofunda, kudutsa mu yaing'ono mtanda zofunda.

The magawidwe a mtsinje alluvium ndi makhalidwe ake

Magawidwe Ndi mmene pafupifupi chodabwitsa lachibadwa lililonse kapena chinthu. Ngakhale kuti nthaka alluvial sichidziwika kutchulidwa kuposa mzake, ndipo constituent yaikulu chigawo ali basi alluvium. Komabe, sakulamulira kunja mmene magawidwe pa alluvium ndi, makamaka mchere kapangidwe kake ndi acidity.

Komabe, ikuluikulu mtsinje ndi floodplain ake, chindichepere kutchulidwa magawidwe alluvial madipoziti.

Pafupifupi m'madera yonyowa kumpoto dothi alluvial ambiri ndi acidic, yodziwika ndi pakalibe carbonates ndipo sanali saline. Ndi patsogolo kum'mwera, m'madera ambiri louma, iwo kukhala ndale poyamba, ndipo kenako anachita zamchere, yodziwika ndi machulukitsidwe ndi carbonates.

Delta, floodplain, oxbow ndi njira alluvium

Alluvial madipoziti m'mitsinje m'zigwa ndi zovuta ndi zobwezedwa. Choncho, chikhalidwe cha mpweya, ndi malo a ndalama zawo alluvial madipoziti anawagawa mtsinje bedi, ndi ankadziwana, floodplain ndi oxbow.

Deltaic alluvium aumbike mwa deltas ndi yodziwika ndi mchenga dothi zikuchokera.

Channel alluvium aumbike mwa mitsinje ndi Amakhala makamaka wa mchenga ndi coarser zinyalala, monga boulders, timiyala ndi mchenga. Iwo anapanga ndi mchenga mipiringidzo amalavulira ndi zilumba pa mtsinje.

Floodplain alluvium inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka chigumula ndipo imakhala zosiyanasiyana loam, mchenga chabwino ndi dongo wolemera organic.

Oxbow alluvium waikamo pansi pa nyanja oxbow ndipo imakhala matope ndi zambiri organic.

Alluvial madipoziti ambiri anagawira padziko lonse. Long chifukwa pa chitukuko anayamba kutuluka akuluakulu m'mitundu yonse monga Egypt mu Nile Valley kapena Mesopotamia wakale dziko mu zigwa wa Tigirisi ndi Firate.

M'dziko masiku ano dziko kumachokera chakudya chambiri zili m'madera a alluvium floodplain. Komanso Nthawi zambiri miyala ya mchere, ndipo ngakhale miyala yamtengo wapatali.