TB ya diso: zimayambitsa zotheka, zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kuchiza

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala amakono, TB chaka amadzinenera miyoyo ya anthu pafupifupi 3 miliyoni pa dziko. matenda zingakhudze osati mapapo anthu, komanso ambiri a ziwalo zina ndi kachitidwe. TB ya diso amatanthauza matenda opatsirana ndi ovuta oterewa ndi zakuchiritsa kwathunthu. Makamaka oopsa ndi chitukuko cha matenda a ana, pakalibe chithandizo chokwanira yake zikhoza kuyambitsa matenda oumitsa khosi, sepsis ndi mavuto ena aakulu.

The zimayambitsa matenda

Ngati chitetezo munthu ikugwira ntchito bwinobwino, kulowa mu Thupi la mycobacteria sikuti zimayambitsa TB. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zoteteza wa tizilomboto mlendo akhoza agonjetsedwa ndi maselo apadera kuti kuteteza kufala kwa matenda. Koma ndi dongosolo ofooka m'thupi, ambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu chowawa mozungulira n'zotheka kuti TB maso kudwala kwambiri.

Zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha matenda:

• akamakonda zakudya ndi kuperewera kwa mavitamini;
• nyumba osauka ndi kantchito;
• chosowa cha kukhalapo anthu mu mpweya wabwino ndi dzuwa;
• psycho-maganizo mavuto ndi nkhawa;
• kusagona tulo ndi mpumulo;
• zizolowezi zoipa;
• kukhalapo mu thupi la aakulu kutupa foci;
• matenda aakulu kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Gawo

diso matenda TB akhoza osiyanasiyana kusalekerera malingana mawonekedwe a matenda. Izo zimatengera chithandizo ndi madokotala ananena zawo za matendawa. Pali 4 mitundu ya matenda:

• TB mucosa;
• kuvutika kwa minofu diso, nsidze, lacrimal zida, conjunctiva kapena zikope;
• sekondale kusintha pathological mu maso a chifuwa chachikulu chapakati mantha dongosolo kapena m'mapapo;
• opatsirana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana zotupa za zida diso.

Nthawi awiri oyambirira tikulankhula za matenda chachikulu ndi mycobacteria ndi kubalana awo mwachindunji mu zimakhala diso. Izi mitundu ya kuvutika sakhala wamba kuposa mawonekedwe a matenda kugwirizana ndi ziwengo kapena wofunika kwambiri TB ku ziwalo zina. Mu milandu, zizindikiro atha kumakhoza zina ananyalanyaza chifukwa cha zizindikiro kutchulidwa chachikulu. Koma kungakhale kovuta ndi imfa ya masomphenya m'tsogolo, kotero ndikofunika kuzindikira ndi kuyamba chithandizo.

Zizindikiro za diso chachikulu TB ndi adnexa

Matenda ena chifukwa chosowa zizindikiro zenizeni ndi kovuta kuzindikira pa siteji oyambirira. Mmodzi mwa matenda amenewa - maso TB, zizindikiro zimene ofanana ndi matenda ambiri ocular. Iwo zingasiyane malingana ndi kutanthauzira matenda.

Mu matenda chachikulu ndi TB chitukuko mu maganizo a ziwalo za mtima woyamba anati zizindikiro za conjunctivitis mwachizolowezi: redness, mitsempha ya magazi, kutupa zikope, maso madzi. Koma pa Zisindikizo chomwecho lymph anapanga mkati diso, omwe amaonjezera kukula ndi nthawi ndipo popanda mankhwala kungachititse kuti abscess ndi.

TB adnexa diso (monga zikope kapena ducts kuichotsa) ali osowa. Choncho pa khungu ndi Kakhungu mucous zimachitika kuvutika tokhala, amene necrose minofu ndi abscess ndi nthawi. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti inversion wa zikope chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi, ndi kuyambitsa amamuyambitsa timabala cha kusintha kwa khungu.

TB ya diso: zizindikiro, zizindikiro woyamba wa chilengedwe matupi awo sagwirizana matenda ndi chotupa yachiwiri

Mu zizindikiro opatsirana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana TB zikuchepa umaonetseredwa, ndipo n'zosathandiza makulitsidwe nyengo. The ndondomeko matenda zimatanthauza maso anga onse, ngakhale zizindikiro akhoza kutchulidwa ndi mbali ina iliyonse. Kutalika kwa nthawi pachimake cha ku masiku angapo miyezi 2. Pakuti mawonekedwe matenda amakhala ndi ngati zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu cha maso:

• madzi maso;
• mucositis;
• kuyabwa ndi waukali;
• photophobia;
• soreness.

Ngati zizindikiro zosasangalatsa m'diso chifukwa ubongo yaikulu kapena msana ndi chifuwa chachikulu, iwo amakhala ndi zowonjezerazo ndi zizindikiro ambiri ubongo. odwalawo nthawi zambiri zimakhudza gawo kumbuyo kwa choroid, kumene pali m'matumba a kutupa (granulomas) ndi minofu lymphoid. Kukomoka izo akuwonekera utachepa acuity zithunzi ndi clouding la masomphenya. Matendawa akhoza kuyamba bwinobwino kapena patsogolo pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi kudziwa matenda?

Matenda a maso TB kobvuta ndi kupanda zizindikiro zenizeni, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimafanana ndi matenda ena diso. Kulephera kutenga nyemba minofu yoganizira pamaso pa mycobacteria Ikuonetsanso matenda. Ngati pali madandaulo, kusonyeza n'zotheka wodwala TB ndi dokotala, ndi zofunika pochitika mndandanda wa mayeso:

• tanthauzo la minda zithunzi ndi zithunzi;
• muyeso wa kuthamanga intraocular;
• Kupenda wa fundus ya ;
• maso US ;
• retinal angiography;
• chitsanzo tuberculin;
• matenda chithandizo cha mankhwala odana ndi TB.

Komanso wodwalayo ali wofunikila kuchita X-ray a chifuwa M'mimbamo ndi kulingalira za mediastinum, chifukwa ndi kumeneko mu matupi awo sagwirizana diso TB nthawi zambiri kuvutika zotupa. Kumvetsa zimene zimachitika chonse cha thupi wodwala ngati magazi ndi mkodzo mayesero matenda awerenge.

Njira kachilombo

TB ya diso angayambe chifukwa kufala kwa matenda kudzera m'magazi kapena mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi wothandizila ku malo akunja. Hematogenous kufala njira n'zotheka pamaso mu thupi la wofunika kwambiri pa matenda. Mungasankhe azikwera mycobacteria ku chilengedwe kuti munthu wathanzi zotsatirazi:

• airborne njira (akulankhula, kutsokomola kapena kukhala nthawi yaitali mu chipinda chomwecho monga wodwala);
• njira kukhudzana-m'nyumba (kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zakhudzana banja);
• fecal-m'kamwa limagwirira (mabakiteriya anakumana ndi chakudya kapena madzi).

Mycobacteria angapulumutse ntchito ya zaka zambiri tizilombo mu mdima malo afumbi Choncho inhalation ya mpweya anthu chitetezo wofooka ndi matenda. Nthawi zina matenda imafalikira kudzera magazi chawonongeka umphumphu wa khungu kapena ofukula (mayi mwana). Koma ambiri a HIV amagwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwa mycobacteria mu mlengalenga.

Zochita za matenda paubwana

Popeza chitetezo cha mwana sichikugwira ntchito mwachangu monga munthu wamkulu, matenda aliwonse aakulu angabweretse ngozi kwa iye. TB ya diso ana zambiri matupi awo sagwirizana mu chikhalidwe, kapena ndi umboni yachiwiri ya yogwira m'mapapo mwanga ndondomeko. Palokha, mawonetseredwe chachikulu cha matenda izi zimachitika zokha mwa ziwalo iwo osowa kwambiri.

Popeza propensity kwa generalization za ndondomeko pathologic, mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu ayenera nthawi zonse monga mankhwala inpatient mpaka kuchira kwathunthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi mphamvu buluzi zimakhala kuonongeka ana ndi apamwamba, choncho mwanayo nthawi zonse mwayi wa chithandizo bwino popanda muyambirenso zina ndi zosokonezeka.

chithandizo opaleshoni

mankhwala ogwira pazikhalanso mankhwala antibacterial kanthu wamba, ngakhale ndi mawonekedwe owonjezera m'mapapo mwanga matendawa, kumene kumakhudza ena chiwalo chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, TB diso, chomwe nthawi zambiri kwambiri zizindikiro wambiri malowa akhale kuchitiridwa mothandizidwa ndi dera la Integrated.

Pamene kudwala mphuno zina mwina opaleshoni mwadzidzidzi kuti asunge masomphenya munthu. Pankhaniyi, izo ziyenera kuchitikira limodzi ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Koma ngati palibe pakufunika kuti pofuna kupewa mavuto, ndi bwino kuchita Titamaliza wodzala ndi njira ya chithandizo achire.

TB ya diso: chithandizo popanda opaleshoni

chithandizo Mabuku a matenda zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mankhwala amphamvu, ndi modulators m'thupi. Komanso, yoikidwiratu wothandizira kwa mpumulo symptomatic wodwalayo malingana ndi chithunzi matenda. Zonse mankhwala odana ndi TB pa zovuta kanthu akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 3:

• wothandizila kwabasi ( "INH" "Rifampicin");
• mankhwala mphamvu pafupifupi ( "Kanamycin" "Streptomycin" "Prothionamide");
• Medicaments ndi zolimbitsa achire zotsatira ( "tsa-aminosalicylic asidi," "Thioacetazone").

mode kwawo oyendetsa mlingo ayenera kusankha phthisiatrician, anapatsidwa makhalidwe a ndondomeko pathologic pa nkhani iliyonse payekha. Mu kukha magazi kwambiri ndi diso asanayambe ntchito mankhwala zofunika mankhwala omwe normalizes mtima diso. Isanafike ziziyenda wodwala iye wasonyeza chithandizo inpatient.

kupewa

Kuteteza maso TB ndi mosavuta kuposa kuliona. Kupewa yeniyeni kulibe ndi BCG katemera, amene amateteza thupi ku mitundu yonse ya matenda obisika. Ndi bwino kuti atchule ana atabadwa kuti alenge chitetezo chokwanira yogwira.

Pakuti nonspecific kupewa chifuwachi ndi zofunika kusunga Malamulo awa:

• kukhala moyo wathanzi;
• zomveka kudya;
• nthawi zonse kugwira chonyowa kuyeretsa mu nyumba ndi mosamala misozi fumbi;
• kunyamula okwanira kuchuluka kwa nthawi panja;
• olimbitsa kapena masewera aliyense losavuta kusintha umoyo;
• wabwinobwino zina ndi tulo;
• kamodzi pachaka kukumana pachifuwa x-ray (kuyambira pa zaka 15).

Pamene zizindikiro zilizonse zachilendo muyenera mwamsanga kukaonana ndi dokotala, monga mmene TB kungakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi, masomphenya yachibadwa kukwaniritsa moyo.