Wambiri ndi ntchito za Marx. Wafilosofi Karl Marx: chidwi mfundo

ntchito Marx ndi wotchuka German nzeru zapamwamba ndale ndi zachuma, kukhala otchuka lero, ngakhale kuti munthu uyu anakhala ndi moyo kuyambira 1818 mpaka 1883. Pamodzi ndi Chichewa, iye maziko a Marxism.

chidwi mfundo

Karl Marx anakopeka umunthu izi tikuyamba chidwi cha anthu padziko lonse. A ochepa mfundo zosangalatsa za Wolemba:

• Iye anabadwa mu banja la loya, Myuda mwa kubadwa.
• ubatizo mnyamata zinachitika mu alaliki mpingo. Atate anaumirira izo, kuti zingatanthauze kukana banja la chikhulupiriro kwa iye.
• Banja poyamba anali ndi ana asanu, koma anayi a iwo anafa asanafike mukadzakula. Ena awiri, kupatula nzeru zapamwamba, anapha yekha kotero kuti iye anali wolandira yekha.

• Pa ntchito chosintha, ankawaona kuti ndi "sanali grata" mu Belgium, France ndi Germany.
• London ndinkakhala nalo zaka 34 zomalizira za moyo wake.
• Poganizira tombstone wake, n'zotheka kuona maitanidwe kugwirizanitsa ndi proletarians a m'mayiko onse.
• Karl Marx, ndi mbiri ndi buku akadali chidwi ndi anthu ambiri, wapadera ngakhale kuti wina atangomva 2013 pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia ulemu dzina lake 1.343 zikwi. Ntchito m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko.
• Ngakhale linapereka kuti chitukuko cha chikominisi, wolemba ndisanafikeko Russia.
• ntchito yake yaikulu inali pa "Capital".
• Moyo Karl Marx linathyoka 14.05.1883 Iye anaikidwa mu manda a Highgate.

Kulowerera mu ntchito za nzeru zapamwamba, anthu ali ofunitsitsa kufufuza zina yonena wake.

zaka Wambiri Young

05.05.1818, mu mzinda German wa Trier anabadwa. Makolo, bambo ndi mayi, Marx G. Pressburg anali ochokera m'mabanja zolemba za arabi. Mu 1824, iwo ankalowa chikhulupiriro Lutheran. bambo wolembayo anali ndi maphunziro abwino. mumtima mwake anali kwakukulukulu anapanga Kant ndi malingaliro ndi akatswiri ziphunzitso kuti anatuluka pa Choonadi.

Mu 1835, Charles analowa lamulo la Yunivesite ya Bonn, kenako kunditumiza ku Berlin. Mu zaka za sukulu mnyamata wokonda mbiri ndi malangizo adatambasula ndi Fichte. Anapempha dongosolo popangidwa ndi Hegel.

Wafilosofi azimvetsa maganizo lokhazikitsidwa mwa Feuerbach, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Saint-Simoni, Foriya, Owen, Weitling, Dezamy ndi Kaba.

Maphunziro inatha mu 1841. M'chaka cha 1842 iye analandira digiri wake pambuyo chikukoka nkhani yolembedwa umalimbana kufanana ndi Kutsutsa Epicurus ndi Democritus.

Moyo ndi ndale

Mu 1843 zinachitika ukwati wa Marx ndi Jenny Von Westphalen, mwana wamkazi wa mnzanu wapamtima banja lawo.

Pambuyo pake, ntchito mu bukhu la "Rheinische Zeitung" pa positi mkonzi. Mu 1843 anasamukira ku dera la Paris, anakantha mnzake ndi Democrats ndi Socialists. Zinali ndiye kuti anakumana Chichewa. Kuyambira 1845 iye ankakhala Brussels. Mu 1847 iye anali membala wa chinsinsi ndi "League wa Basi" linalembedwa .Then ntchito Marx, Chichewa ndi "Manifesto Communist." Ndi gulu la "League of Achikominisi" mu nyengo ya pa zochita 1848 ndi 1849 Chiwukirano anatembenuka kugonja. Ndiye nzeru zapamwamba anabwerera ku Paris. Mu 1849 kunali kusuntha wake wotsiriza - mu London.

Mu gg.nachal 50 tili kukhala chiphunzitso wake chuma. Wafilosofi kawirikawiri ankakhala mu laibulale zovuta za British Museum, pamene anasonkhanitsa mudziwe ntchito yawo.

angakuthandizeni

Ubwenzi ndi Chichewa, womangidwa 1844, inatenga zaka makumi anayi. Marx unachitikira awiriwa kutsogolera malo. Zinali iye amene anaonapo mbiri kuyambira mfundo zinthu zakuthupi maganizo, ndinayamba chiphunzitso cha mtengo anawonjezera. Komabe, bwenzi lake anali connoisseur lalikulu la zamalonda.

Pamene bwenzi iye amapereka mnzake kulenga ndi makhalidwe abwino. N'zotheka Ngati sikudali kwa mgwirizano uwu wa anthu amaganizo amodzi, amene anaonekera pa nthawi ntchito sibwezi zinatchuka amenewa. Pamodzi anayendayenda zisinthe ndipo anasamukira England pambuyo kugonjetsedwa kwake.

mfundo zazikulu

Angakuthandizeni Chichewa ndalama amapereka mnzake, kotero ntchito Marx akupitiriza kusindikizidwa. Mu 1864 analinganiza Woyamba International. Mu 1876 anapita buku buku 1 "Capital". Anapitiriza kale lofalitsidwa ndi Chichewa.

M'zaka zomalizira za moyo, nzeru zapamwamba anatenga mbali mu gulu la ntchito anzake a proletarians lapansi. 40 ntchentche. - nthawi imene mbiri Karla Marksa ndi ntchito mwadzidzidzi anasintha chifukwa kusintha kwake kwa maganizo demokalase ndi chosintha wa chikominisi. Iwo anayamba kupanga chiphunzitso zakuthupi wa mbiri.

ntchito Marx a zimakhala ndi kutsindika kufunika anawonjezera. Wolemba anaphunzira njira zikamera wa bizinesi, anapanga kopanda za kusintha mosalephera kwa dongosolo chikominisi cha ntchito kwa anthu ndi kutsimikizira maganizo awo. Chinthu chachikulu galimoto Poyankha zimenezi, kusintha kwa proletarians lapansi. Pa mapeto a XIX ndi XX atumwi. ntchito yaikulu Marx anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha anthu ndi malingaliro a anthu.

ntchito

Mfundo yonse za pamaso nzeru zapamwamba chuma akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi kuwerenga "Economic ndi nzeru zaumunthu Mipukutu", wolembedwa mu 1844. Mu nthawi yomweyo, kusanthula maganizo a Hegel pa kapangidwe malamulo a dziko. Mu 1845-TH panali buku la "The Banja Woyera," ndipo chaka chotsatira - "The German mfundo", umene unali Co-wolemba Chichewa.

Mu 1847 nzeru zapamwamba analemba "The Umphawi wa Philosophy". Iye anaphunzira maonekedwe a French kalasi kulimbana nthawi 1848-1850 gg., The Civil nkhondo, anatsutsa Gotha Program.

Zambiri za moyo ndi ntchito za Karl Marx zoyenera chuma ndale. M'dera limeneli, iye anali wokhoza kwambiri kukhala ndi kuuza owerenga maganizo ake.

The "Capital" ndi kunachokera okhwima yeniyeni dongosolo. Wafilosofi Hegel reworked mfundo zikuluzikulu ndipo anapereka iwo mu zovuta zambiri ndi zambiri mawonekedwe. Limafotokoza zimene likulu, kodi izo zikufotokozedwa mu lingaliro sayansi ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. owerenga Ngodziwa za mmene ulimi wake chikuchitika. Chichewa mu buku ya 2, wodzilemekeza ndi deta pa ntchito bwanji kuti akatidzadza ndi 3 anawonjezera kufotokoza mitundu ya kucheza wolunjika ndalama ndi chilengedwe.

zotsatira ntchito

ntchito Marx amalimbikitsa anthu anasintha kwambiri. Mu September wa 1864, anakonza 1st International, cholinga chimene chinali kugwirizanitsa anthu ogwira ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Mu "Capital" Iye anafotokoza mu chinenero Kufikika monga bizinesi anayamba ndi mfundo ziti chinathandiza ichi. "Wunika wa Gotha Program" (1875) anali umalimbana ndi kusanthula kasamalidwe zolakwa ndodo ya democrat ndi German ndipo Nazi. Wafilosofi kuzindikiridwa magawo awiri a chikominisi.

Pamene mu 1876 1st Mayiko anali kusungunuka, pamaso woganiza watsopano vuto - chilengedwe cha zipani za proletarians mu dziko. maganizo analanda Vladimir Lenin. Iye anayamba nawo m'tsogolo.

cholowa

M'kupita kwa nthawi, pambuyo pa imfa Marx, ambiri mwa maganizo ake anatsimikizira mu mchitidwe. Panali anthu zolosera kuti kodi si zifukwa lokha. Pakhala maganizo inadzakhala sizinatheke.

Monga zinanenedweratu ndi nzeru zapamwamba, kusindikiza mafakitale amadalira kwathunthu patsogolo luso ndi sayansi. Pali wakhala chilimbikitso cha ntchito zachuma m'dziko, likulu wakhala transnational, mu msika lonse alipo pafupifupi limati. Ngakhale Marx ankakhulupirira kuti zisinthe zidzachitika mu maiko otsogolera dziko msika, zinachitika mu Russia, umene panthawi imeneyo unali poluotstaloy. Pa nkhondo ndi zochita za asilikali mazana makumi awiri anabwera mokoma anachepetsa m'mabuku a nzeru zapamwamba kuwala, koma iye anali kulondola ambiri a maganizo ake.