Mfundo za evolutionism konsekonse: zikamera ndi maganizo ndi kuchuluka kwa

The view ambiri chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha kusanduka amaona kuti chiphunzitso cha Charles Darwin, umene zachitika poyerekezera ndi chilengedwe, koma si bwino otchulidwa za applicability ake kuti anthu ndi anthu. Mfundo ndi kuti ngakhale mfundo za evolutionism chilengedwe anatuluka mu chiphunzitso cha maganizo Darwin, Herbert Spencer, m'nkhani wake "The kungoganizira chitukuko» (The kungoganizira Development), akufuna chiphunzitso chakuti zamoyo zinangokhalako zokha konsekonse, kumene mfundo za evolutionism chilengedwe anakonza basi poyerekezera ndi anthu .

Spencer amapereka lingaliro la Darwin kusankha zamoyo monga mmodzi wa zinthu kusinthasintha kwa zinthu, onena za anthu, mawuwa lidzasinthidwa maganizo "kupulumuka kwa Zamphamvu"). Malinga ndi Spencer, zinthu zonse m'dziko ali ndi magwero ofanana, koma ndiye, mu njira ya chitukuko, ndi zosiyanasiyana za zinthu. Chifukwa cha kusintha atumikire mu maganizo ake, chibadwa, madigiri osiyanasiyana anatengera ku chenicheni, mlingo wa ntchito zinthu zina. Pambuyo masinthidwe onsewa dziko ndipo anaika zomwenso anatilamula, amene timazindikira monga worldview a. chithunzi ichi ndi osakhazikika chifukwa cha chilengedwe, linakhalapo ndi njira mkombero latsopano "inalamula" ndi dongosolo lonse zimatengera pa khalidwe la kupanda malire ozungulira.

Izi anapezazo ndipo anayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo kusanduka, imene nthawi wathu wapeza zambiri yofanana ndi kutanthauzira (Synergetics, chisokonezeko chiphunzitso - za chiphunzitso cha noosphere VI Vernadsky, mfundo yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe osakhala mgwirizano Prigogine).

Mfundo za evolutionism lonse, chiyambi cha zimene zimapezeka ziphunzitso za Herbert Spencer, zambiri anakonza mu mawonekedwe zosavuta izi: Zinthu zonse m'chilengedwe chonse sangaonekerenso kunja kwa masiyanidwe zinachokera ndondomeko, ziribe kanthu zimene kuchuluka kwa zinthu suona.

Mtengo wa Herbert Spencer ndi iye anabweretsa ntchito mfundo za kusanduka kupitirira zamoyo pulayimale ndipo anatsimikizira applicability ake mu zigawo zina za chilengedwe, makamaka, watsimikizira kuti mfundo za kusanduka zimapezeka mu Chaanthu (chiphunzitso organicism).

Mfundo za evolutionism chilengedwe kupitirira zamoyo ndi Chaanthu anakhala oimira sayansi thupi (amanena za chiyambi cha chilengedwe chifukwa cha "kuphulika kwakukulu" chiphunzitso cha chilengedwe likukulira, etc.). malowedwe Komanso mfundo za sayansi kwachititsa kuti zikamera wa wodziimira malangizo sayansi - synergy imene mfundo za evolutionism chilengedwe anapeza udindo wa njira sayansi.

kamba General (mfundo) ndi cholinga kusanduka ndi:

• kuzindikira kuti zaphindu ndi zowononga onse njira m'chilengedwe chonse ndi ofanana ndi ndi ufulu wofanana;
• Kuzindikila padziko lonse zovuta za ma aligorivimu ndi bungwe machitidwe onse, kaya makhalidwe awo makamaka ndi mbali ya zikamera ndi kukula.

Ntchito kwa anthu zikutanthauza kuti nzeru ndi anthu Komanso akupangidwa malinga ndi malamulo amenewa. Ndipo chifukwa actualized nkhani kuti kuthetsedwa mu chimango cha lingaliro ili: mmene kusinthika kuchokera unmanaged (osapanganika) kulamulidwa ndi boma la anthu? Yankho kachiwiri mu mfundo evolutionism lonse - ndi chitukuko cha njira citukuko (mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito chikhalidwe). Mfundo ndi zikhalidwe za kusintha kuti anthu anatha ndondomeko kusintha sikuti zochokera awo zofuna 'reflexive' ndi zofuna za mgwirizano padziko lonse (kusamala chilengedwe, mtendere, zinthu kupulumuka, etc.). chikhalidwe ichi, ndithu, nawatsimikizira zikutipatsa funso lokhudza maganizo athu ndi nzeru ngati ali wokonzeka osati kuvomereza chikhalidwe, komanso kupanga kusintha.

Choncho, mfundo kusanduka kuthetsa mavuto mwamsanga nthawi yathu ndi kuyesa kupeza chilengedwe chida - mfundo ya evolutionism lonse, imene wasinthika panopa, si mgwirizano wa dongosolo chikhalidwe, ku mawonekedwe apamwamba-analamula wodzilamulira bungwe.