Vesi - ndi mizere angati? ndi Vesi mu ndakatuloyi chiyani?

Mawu akuti "ndime" amachokera ku mawu achigiriki otanthauza "kutembenukira", "kupota". Izi osakaniza nambala inayake ya zinthu (ndime mizere), ndilo zamalankhulidwe, syntactic ndi rhythmic umodzi. "Vesi - ndi mizere angati?" - Inu kufunsa. Yankho. zikuchokera ake akupanga mavesi 2 mpaka 14. Mayina mawu (moyo), ife azipereka kwa inu tsopano.

couplet

Losavuta wa iwo couplet (mwa kulankhula kwina - kutali). Mtundu wa vesi ntchito ndi kawirikawiri mu ndakatulo dziko. Izo ntchito Mwachitsanzo, M. Yu. Lermontov mu ndakatuloyi wake "Nyanja Mfumukazi".

tercet

Wopangidwa mwa zifukwa zitatu ndime Vesi otchedwa atatu (ayi - Terzetto). mtundu amadziwikanso kawirikawiri ntchito ndi olemba ndakatulo Russian. Kwambiri nthawi zambiri tercets m'gulu ena, zigawo zazikulu. Zinalembedwa Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo "Song of Hell" Blok.

quatrain

Wotchuka kwambiri pa mitundu yonse ya vesi ndi za olemba a chi zoweta quatrain (mwa kulankhula kwina - ndi quatrain). Ilipo mu osakaniza Mavesi anayi amapereka zosiyanasiyana zosaneneka za intonation, mungoli. Osiyana quatrain kusintha malembedwe. Izo zikhoza kukhala mbali ya ena, mitundu ikuluikulu ya mawu. Monga chitsanzo Onegin vesi ndi Sonnet. Mu quatrain zosiyanasiyana Akutsatira njira ya nyimbo, koma ambiri otchedwa mtanda nyimbo (abab chiwembu anamanga pa). Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo "Dream" M. Yu Lermontova, pamene mzere oyamba rhymes ndi chachitatu, ndipo chachiwiri -. Pa wachinayi. Zitsanzo achuluka.

Sizikusokonezani mawu awiri ofanana - "chingwe" ndi "ndime". Onse mfundo izi ogwirizana ndi chakuti iwo zigwirizana a mavesi. 4 ndime Komabe, ntchito ya olembedwa quatrain, distihom, etc. A Tercet 4 mizere apanga ndime -. Kodi nthawi zonse quatrain.

Stances

Zigawo ndi wapadera ndime zomwe yophatikiza m'mizere inayi. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri. Ndakatulo Russian wapangidwa ndi ndakatulo anayi olembedwa ndi tetrameter iambic, ndime, amene amagwiritsa mtanda nyimbo (abab anamanga pa chiwembu cha). Kuwonjezera makhalidwe amenewa ofunda, wosiyana aliyense wa quatrains ndi zamalankhulidwe chokwanira. Ntchito chidwi kwambiri ndi mawu olembedwa mu mabuku zoweta a A. S. Pushkinu. Mu ndakatulo yake, vesi limeneli limapezeka koposa kamodzi. Zitsanzo: "Ine kuyendayenda ...", "mawu," "Mu kuya kwa ores Siberia".

M'pofunika kusiyanitsa mitundu ina ya mawu, m'malo kawirikawiri ntchito ndakatulo Russian, sonnet, octave, komanso wapadera analengedwa ndi Pushkin - Onegin Vesi.

sonnet

Sonnet imatengedwa makamaka ngati Mitundu lyric. Komabe, kwa mfundo mwamwambo chabe view, Vesi ili. Sonnet zikuphatikizapo madera awiri. Woyamba tichipeza quatrains awiri (ie quatrains), ndipo chachiwiri lili awiri TERCET (ie, atatu mzere).

Sonnet monga vesi - ndi mizere angati? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, n'zotheka awerenge chiwerengero zafotokozeredwa mbali chigawo ndipo ife n'cigwagwa manambala chifukwa. Mungachite izo nokha ndi kuona zotsatira zake. Muyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi 14 mizere. Mu sonnets wa mita ndi iambic pentameter (kawirikawiri ntchito shestistopny). Ngakhale chakale yosavuta chimake nyimbo chiwembu zingasiyane ngati prerequisites zotsatirazi: ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu quatrains awiri ravnozvuchnye nyimbo ndi atatu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito awiri (kapena zambiri kawirikawiri atatu), zomwe zimasiyana ndi ntchito quatrains. Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym analengedwa atatu wotchuka sonnet, "Madonna", "chifukwa chake", "mwano Dante ananyoza sonnet ...".

Onegin Vesi

Onegin Vesi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem unayamba mu mabuku mwachindunji buku lotchedwa "Eugene Onegin". Mukhoza ndikuganiza, dzina izo zichokela ku ntchito iyi. Iwo limafanana zotsatirazi chipika chithunzi: AbAbCCddEffEgg. Kuti tiyankhe funso "angati mizere mu Onegin Vesi?" zotheka mwa kuwerengera chiwerengero cha zinthu mu dera la. Pali 14. yekha Mu zolinga zawo, anatchulidwa kupezerapo mzera wamkazi (mapeto), ndipo amuna lowercase wasonyeza. Kwa lemba, "Evgeniya Onegina", nyumba imeneyi anakhalabe, kuwonjezera makalata Tatiana (Chapter atatu), Onegin (chitatu) ndi "Songs akazi" (Chapter atatu).

octave

Mayankho a mafunso awa: "Octave monga vesi - ndi momwe mizere ambiri?" Amakhala ndi ndime zisanu ndi zitatu, monga inu mukhoza ndikuganiza ku dzina. "Octave" mu Latin amatanthauza "chitatu". Mizere ya ndakatulo amafananirako mu njira zotsatirazi: abababcc. Madongosolo ndi kusinthana kwa Akumakambirananso mwamuna ndi mkazi. Mu ntchito zina zotchuka ndakatulo Russian kudya ndime iyi? Mwachitsanzo octave - ndi "nyumba Kolomna", ndakatulo ndi Pushkin.

ndi mitundu ya gulu la mawu chiyani?

Kudulidwa kwa zigawo zambiri zimachitika zochokera rhymes pawiri mu izo. Komabe, mu West ndi ndakatulo dziko amausamalira ndithu osakaniza rhymed ndime unrhymed. Iwo ayenera kuwaganizira tavomera funso "Kodi Vesi mu ndakatuloyi ndi?". Komanso, pali amakonzekeranso mitundu strophic ndi powapatsa elongate ndi adzafupikitsidwa ndime. Nthawi zambiri m'gulu angapo a mavesi kutalika wofanana, ndi wina waufupi (zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri) kapena yaitali (zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri). Komanso, ambiri masiku ano analandira alternating motsatira malamulo ena mu mizere ya ndime zambiri rhymed, kutalika wosiyana.

Adzakhululukidwa anadziwa kuti zinthu zonse mfundo za kamangidwe akhoza pamodzi ndi mzake, ndi kuchuluka mavesi komanso amalolera anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri kudzera Kuwonjezera ndi zina "kalilole" (chigamulocho) ili zinthu m'menemo.

Features a Mitundu nyimbo

Mu zikuchokera ndi udindo wapadera wa akubwereza Vesi akhoza kusewera zosiyanasiyana mayunitsi gulu. Ndi zina makamaka nyimbo mtundu wanyimbo. Tikumbukenso pano akubwereza alipo mwa ndime imodzi (mwachitsanzo, kubwereza kwa ndime yotsiriza woyamba kukonza yomanga annular). Mu Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo Nthawi zambiri kudzikonda Vesi (lotchedwa "amapewa"), amene mobwerezabwereza popanda kusintha pambuyo mnzake mu ndakatulo imeneyi ndi kupereka ziwiri akuti yobwezeretsanso zikuchokera.

Ndime tanthauzo monga mbali kuvomerezedwa imatengedwa ndi repeatable zonse. Koma pali komanso vesi Mitundu, kumene kubwerezabwereza malire ndi chitsanzochi, kwambiri kapena zochepa chogwirika, lomwe ndi zina osiyana, kusunga mtundu uwu ntchito kulekerera gulu.

Ena mitundu mitundu olimba a zigawo mu dziko la ndakatulo

A nambala yaikulu zosiyanasiyana olimba a zigawo wabweza dziko ndakatulo. Kale Mwachitsanzo, ife tikupeza kuchuluka kwa mtundu wawo. Iwo ankachita chinayambika nthawi mu mawu a mitundu ina European. ndime yambiri monga elegiac distich, goratsieva kapena alkeeva, ndime sapphic yaikuluikulu, asklepiadova anapereka mitundu yambiri, ndipo ena. Mobwerezabwereza kusewera ambiri a iwo mu versification dziko, zambiri zolakwika. Choncho, udindo laling'ono kwambiri ankaimba ndi ndakatulo mu kum'mawa Russian. Kwa izo zoyesayesa tapangidwa posachedwapa kujambula njira zosiyanasiyana (Persian quatrain Mbawala). Cholowa wolemera wa Latins ndakatulo Russian ukufanizidwa ndi zina mwa "njira olimba", monga Rondo, sonnet, octave, Sestina, Triolet, terza Rima, ndi ena.

Alexandrine ndakatulo Russian

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira Alexandrine omwe akhazikika mu mabuku Soviet. Iwo anatengedwa ku France ndipo anakhala m'zaka 18 Russian ndakatulo mawonekedwe kuvomerezedwa kwa ndakatulo amunamuna ndi Agiriki tsoka. Amakhala couplets ankaimira tsezurovannym shestistopnym pentameter, imene pali awiriawiri rhyming alternately wamkazi, wamwamuna. Ena zina couplets amagwilitsidwa ntchito polemba chinenero cha "Romance", komanso zolemba, epigrams, etc. Chitsanzo - .. "The Black shawl" Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Taona zina yonse ya mawu. Ndipotu, pali zambiri ndithu iwo. Koma zimagwiritsa ntchito mabuku Russian. Tikhoza kuganiza kuti nthawi zambiri kudziwa ndakatulo wa zimenezi ndi zokwanira. Tsopano inu mukudziwa chimene vesi mu ndakatuloyi ndi. Tikukhulupirira mudzatha kudziwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya izo. Yankho la funso "Vesi - ndi mizere angati?" angapezeke mu nkhani iyi.