American ndakatulo Emily Dickinson: Wambiri, zilandiridwenso

Za ntchito yake, mukhoza kulemba zambiri kuposa yonena a. chakuti tsoka wake palibe chonse zochitika owala, romances namondwe, kapena zokwera aliyense ndi mavuto. Ndipo kwa gawo lalikulu chifukwa anali kusankha moyo wake. ndakatulo Female anthu American pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 angakhale wotchuka kwambiri, koma Emily Dickinson ulemerero, kutchuka ndi zachabechabe za moyo yakale amakonda chete seclusion mu mzinda wa kwawo. Chifukwa chiyani? Mbali ya yankho la funso limeneli amapereka ndakatulo yake. Choncho, zimene timadziwa za Emily Dickinson, amene mavesi amaonedwa zapamwamba za mabuku American?

magwero

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson anabadwa mu 1830 mu yaing'ono m'tauni zigawo za Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Pali ndipo zinatha njira yake mu 1886.

Zinali pakati pa ana atatu wazamalamulo banja ndi Congressman Edward Dickinson. Education iye analandira puritanical, mwina anakhudzidwa pa moyo wake. Atakula Otetezedwa ndi achipembedzo mtsikana. Banjali linali achipembedzo kwambiri, ndi Emily komanso anaika chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu.

mapangidwe

Nditamaliza sukulu ya pulayimale maphunziro owonjezereka ndakatulo tsogolo anapitiriza Academy wa kwawo wa Amherst kuchokera 1840 mpaka 1847. Pali anakaphunzira nkhani monga Latin, masamu, kuwerenga maganizo, Chingerezi ndi mabuku. Kenako, panali pofuna maphunziro seminare akazi, koma Emily anali miyezi isanu ndi umodzi okha, ndipo anabwerera kunyumba. Popeza kwawo anakhala malo ake okhazikika, anatsala pang'ono sanagwiritse moyo. Kupatulapo anali ulendo Washington, limodzi ndi bambo ake, omwe amayenera nawo Congress US.

Mapangidwe umunthu a ndakatulo iyi

Inde, maphunziro kwambiri mu mzimu wa moyo wosasangalala zinathandiza kwambiri sankafuna kukhala womasuka kwa anthu. Chifukwa, pa moyo wa ndakatulo iyi dziko waona gawo chabe zisanu za ndakatulo zake. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ndi chakuti ntchito yake lasindikizidwa, anachita yekha, Emily Dickinson, buku mawu amene anaonekera pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Ndili ndi zaka 14, iye anataya mnzake - msuwani wake Sophia, ndiye unayamba kugwa mu khalidwe la maganizo, ndipo ngakhale thandizo la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ichi ndi imfa yoyamba ya wokondedwa, amene anakumana Emily, zomwe mosakayikira linapereka kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa mutu wa chisamaliro cha moyo, amene amachita imodzi mwa ntchito zikuluzikulu mu Dickinson. Ngakhale zitachitika izi, Emily anayamba mwachangu ku mpingo, koma, mwachionekere, osati kupeza komwe chitonthozo ichi, adaleka kutero, ndiponso maganizo ake onse kufunafuna cholinga cha moyo ndi waufupi wa moyo wavala mizere ndakatulo.

Dickinson ankadziwa bwino prose ndi ndakatulo za nthawi, makamaka ndi transcendentalism wa Ralph EMERSON ndi romanticism a William Wordsworth, ndi adagawa ambiri maganizo awo. Izi zimasonyeza chilakolako chake maganizo onse pang'onopang'ono. Ndi woganiza EMERSON iye ngakhale kunyamula pa makalata, motero chomwecho zolinga nthanthi ya mawu ake.

moyo

Pali mfundo zambiri za zifukwa seclusion ake zaufulu, ndi okonda mfundo zazing'ono yomweyo kupereka chikondi unrequited, iwo akunena, ndipo kodi izo mulingirira? M'gulu la anthu okonda iye analephera amatamanda ndi bwenzi la banja la Ben Newton, ndi wophunzira Henry Emmons, ndipo wansembe Charles Wadsworth, koma palibe umboni, ena kuposa nkhambakamwa wangwiro basi, biographers alibe.

Nzowona kuti Emily Dickinson yonena omwe si zonse chikondi, konse kukwatiwa, ngakhale anali okongola.

Inde, ndi lokongola lodabwitsa. Koma mwina sanasankhe amazindikira malinga ndi mfundo: olemera mkati dziko Emili Dikinson chinamupangitsa munthu kudzidalira ndipo popanda ukwati kapena kupita. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, chikondi ndakatulo ndi kuchita cardio silipezeka kawirikawiri ndakatulo yake, ndipo ngakhale pali amajambulapo maluwa okongola chikondi, ndiye iwo kumveka pa nkhani ya chinachake dziko lonse lapansi, monga ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi chirengedwe, munthu ndi Mlengi.

The mfundo yaikulu ya zilandiridwenso

Iye sanali niggle, ndipo ankafuna pansi, chikunena chachikulu chotere ndakatulo wake. Ngati inu osonyeza zifukwa ntchito, tingachite bwino kunena za nkhani zotsatirazi: amaonera zokongoletsa wolemba ndakatulo dziko, chikhalidwe, zokumana nazo mumtima wa munthu, ndi kukumana kwa moyo ndi imfa.

About Emily Dickinson anati: "Iye anali kufa aliyense ndakatulo." Inde, ndakatulo, ngati kusewera ndi imfa mphaka ndi mbewa, nthawi zambiri ndingadzagwire akufa. Koma ndimakumbukira kuti mu zonse yomweyo akhoza kutha, silimatikopa, ndi zoopsa ndi chisoni m'nyimbo Dickinson. A mphindi kuunika kwa moyo - chikondi chofanana, chimwemwe - okha oyamba anabiosis mokwanira.

Anadandaula kuti imfa wawononga mogwirizana amanyamula chisokonezeko, choncho amafuna kumasulira chinsinsi cha moyo wosatha, kawirikawiri akakhumudwa pa kufunafuna izi, ndipo pozindikira kuti anthu tsogolo - kusungulumwa.

Koma ndakatulo ndi safuna nihilism mtheradi, kani, ndi mwachikondi zinthu zambiri ponena kuti zonse zodabwitsa ali pafupi kwambiri, ziri monga "mngelo pa msewu uliwonse rents nyumba pakhomo lotsatira." Koma, Mosiyana, Emily Dickinson, akugwira mawu ndakatulo kuti kunena maganizo ake, amadziwa kuti anthu sadzafika pa onse, makamaka kwa chilengedwe: "Pajatu ife kutali kwa iye, tiyandikira," choncho, "Chabwino, ndiye, sadzakhalapo kuperekedwa m'manja mwanu. "

ndakatulo yosindikiza

chakuti Emily analemba ndakatulo, ambiri adziwe ndi banja lake komanso. Koma atamwalira, iwo anazindikira ukulu wa ntchito yake pamene mkulu wake anapeza drafts.

Baibulo loyambirira la ntchito za dziko anaona 1890. Koma kakusintha revisions ambiri. Only mu 1955, chifukwa Thomas Johnson lofalitsidwa chopereka lathunthu la ndakatulo iye mu 3 mabuku.

Emily Dickinson: Mabaibulo

Chifukwa zolinga achipembedzo pang'ono ake amadziwika danga Union, chifukwa patsogolo ntchito anangoti ananyalanyaza.

Kumene, palibe m'malo pachiyambi, koma kubweretsa mawu a American ndakatulo anthu aakulu Chirasha amene angoyamba kumene chidachitika. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa ntchitoyi anatitenga L. Sitnik, A. Gavrilov, Grishin, J. Berger, ndi ena. Komabe, sikuti zonse 1,800 ndakatulo ndi Emily Dickinson kumasuliridwa mu Russian. Komanso sindikufuna amayang'anitsitsa lokonza za jenda, koma akukhulupirira kuti ndakatulo ya Dickinson mwangwiro amakwanitsa kumva kuti akapereke kwa womvera ndi womasulira wamkazi, choncho M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti ntchito za T. Stamova ndi V. Markova.

Komabe ndikufuna kukhulupirira mowona mtima kuti posachedwapa ndakatulo wanzeru amene amadziwika kuti anali mmodzi wa zapamwamba za mabuku American, adzakhala kwambiri legible ndi Russian.