Ndakatulo Alexei Surkov - kunyada kwa Yaroslavl dziko

Mu Yaroslavl, ife anachita kafukufuku ngati anthu a Nyimbo yotchuka "Mu pa bwato kuti," mukudziwa. Anthu a mibadwo yonse ndi zosangalatsa ananyamula lemba, pafupifupi munthu mistaking mawu. Koma dzina wolemba sakanakhoza onse. Soviet ndakatulo Alexei Surkov, amene yonena ali nthawi zonse zogwirizana ndi dera Yaroslavl ndi mlembi mizere wotchuka amene anachokera kwa cholembera chake pa chiyambi cha Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kodi amadziwika uyu kwambiri?

"Anthu"

Anabadwa pasanafike ulimi (01/10/1899) m'mudzi waung'ono Serednevo (Rybinsk chigawo cha chigawo Yaroslavl) mu banja la wamba, Alexei Surkov anayamba kuphunzitsa pa sukulu ina, popeza odzipereka kukongola kwa chilengedwe ndi kuphweka kwa moyo wakumudzi. Kuonetsa chikhumbo cha kuphunzira, ali ndi zaka 12 anapita ku St. Petersburg, kumene ayenera kukhala mu nyumba mbuye ndi ndalama. Chipinda chino ankatchedwa "Anthu", koma analola mwana kuwerenga manyuzipepala ndi kukhala. ntchito ntchito anayamba ntchito ya kuphunzira ndi nyumba kusindikiza shopu mipando, joinery. Kukwera anakumana doko malonda, komwe anagwirako ntchito weigher.

Mu 1918, "Krasnaya GAZETA" mabuku mavesi ena A. Gutuevsky. alias ichi poyamba anasankha Alexei Surkov, amene chithunzi mu zaka Tingaone nkhaniyi. Iwo ankafuna anayamba kulemba. Khumi anyamata kwalembedwa mu Red Army, akutumikira monga makina gunner kukazonda kavalo mpaka 1922.

"Payekha"

Mu yamtendere, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabwerera kunyumba, kumene chinkhoswe prosvetrabotoy. Mpaka 1924 woyamba m'mudzi wapafupi anagwira ntchito chipinda kanyumba-kuwerenga, mtolankhani kumidzi limakhala m'dera County nyuzipepala. Ntchito ya mtolankhani posachedwa amakhala waukulu A. Surkov. Kale "Choonadi" mu 1924, mu nyuzipepala lofalitsidwa ndakatulo yake yatsopano, ndi mu 1925 amakhala membala wa Congress wa Writers chigawo. Mu chaka chomwecho, kugwirizana CPSU (b), Alexey Surkov ali Komsomol, pokhala kufanana kwa mtolankhani m'chigawo kumene analenga wa nyuzipepala "North Komsomolets". Kwa zaka zitatu (1926-1928) anatsogolera ngati mkonzi wamkulu, makope kuwonjezeka ndi nthawi 2 ndi kupanga "zolembalemba Pakona", kumene kusindikizidwa kuyambira olemba ndakatulo ndi prose.

Mu May 1928 nthumwi zake kuti Moscow pa Ine Congress wa Writers, ndiyeno dera Yaroslavl, iye sabwerera, pokhala kusankhidwa RAPP. Chiyambi cha zinthu izi ndakatulo kuika deta inafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1930. Iwo ankatchedwa "payekha." Vesi acuity osiyanasiyana a ndale ndi mphamvu ya dziko lawo kuti anali kwambiri zikufunika kwambiri. Mu zaka obadwa ndakatulo Alexei Surkov.

Background: Malinga banja mbuye

Atakhala nthawi zonse pamisonkhano zolembalemba, wolemba ndakatulo akukumana ndi Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, mkazi wakeyu. banja wabadwa ana awiri: mwana wabadwa mu 1928 Alexey Natalia ndi mwana anabadwa mu 1938 Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, banja lonse kusamutsidwa kwa Chistopol, ndi apo kuchokera kutsogolo kulemba makalata awo Alexei Surkov. Mu wamkazi tsogolo adzadziikira ntchito ya utolankhani, kuchita musicology. Mwanayo adzakhala usilikali, ndi Air Force msilikaliyo.

30s sankawabisira chakuti A. Surkov ali kuti chifukwa kusaphunzira: iye osati maphunziro Institute of Red Aphunzitsi, komanso kumbuyo zolemba pamaphunziro ake ndipo anakhala pulofesa pa Institute zolembalemba. Usasiye, ndi ntchito nyuzipepala, mogwirizana ndi M. Gorky mu "maphunziro zolembalemba" magazini panthawiyo. Ntchito mu LOKAFe, akupitiriza kulemba ndakatulo ndi nyimbo za ngwazi ya Civil nkhondo: "Anzake", "amanyansidwa", "kwawo mtima." Mabuku ena ndi nyimbo: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

nkhondo mtolankhani

"Kulimbana alimbane", "Red Army Pravda", "Red Star" - anthu mabuku, imene 1939 lofalitsidwa voenkor Alexei Surkov. Wolemba ndakatulo nawo pankhondo awiri a asilikali pa madzulo a Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: ndawala Chifinishi ndi yapaderayi ku Western Belarus. Ngakhale zaka neprizyvnoy, kuyambira tsiku loyamba la nkhondo anam'tumiza kutsogolo, kukwera mu 1943 ku Mulingo wa msilikali wamkulu. Pali iye akakumana ndi andakatulo ambiri a zaka nkhondo. Kuti iye kuthera Konstantin Simonov yotchuka mzere: "Kodi mukukumbukira, Alesha, Smolensk msewu ...".

Monga mkonzi wamkulu wa "New World", anafalitsa ndakatulo, satires ndi nyimbo nthawi amunamuna. Adzakhululukidwa lofalitsidwa zopereka angapo ndakatulo, "ndakatulo ya udani", "amanyansidwa", "Msilikali Mtima". Mu 1942 pafupifupi wamwalira Rzhev, analemba mizere yokhudza:

"Ndipo zipolopolo sanamuvulaze, ndi kutentha si kuwotchedwa,

Ndimayenda Mphepete mwa moto.

Kuoneka mwa kuzunzika mayi ake wokwera

Pa chifundo cha imfa ya ine ... "

Koma wotchuka kwambiri nyimbo kudzakhala pantchito yake. Mwa iwo: "Nyimbo ya wolimba", "Nyimbo ya zokometsera wa Moscow" ndipo, ndithudi, wotchuka "pa bwato".

Nkhani ya "dugouts"

nyimbo anabadwa mu November 1942 m'dera la Istria (m'mudzi wa Kashino, Moscow Region), kumene anafunika kusiya malo a minefield a. Iye ankasangalala kuti aphedwe, masitepe ochepa. Pamene panalibenso choopsa, ndi chikhoto onse shrapnel chikwapu. Ngakhale mu Moscow, iye anabadwa mizere wotchuka wa ndakatuloyi anatumiza kwa Chistopol mkazi. Pamene kope anaonekera Wolemba Konstantin Listov, Alexei Surkov anamupatsa mizere dzanja olembedwa, ndipo patapita mlungu umodzi ndi nyimbo yoyamba anachita ndi bwenzi lake Mikhail Savin.

Mawonekedwe ake poyamba nthawi yomweyo anapita kutsogolo, kukhala chidutswa ankakonda asilikali. Iye anaimba Lidiya Ruslanova, ndipo poyamba Limatchulanso anamasulidwa ndi umboniwo. Koma ndiye iwo inawonongedwa, monga antchito ndale mabanga makhalidwe otayirira mu mizere ya ndakatulo ndipo anapempha kusintha mawu. Koma nyimbo wapita kwa anthu. Pali umboni kuti asilikali anapita kunkhondo, kufuula kuti: "Imbirani, harmonica, Mkuntho Ngakhale" The Nyimbo yotchuka ku mudzi wa Kashino chipilala. Ndi kuzindikira kwenikweni wolemba, amene amagwira ntchito zimene zimachitika mu 1946 anali kupereka State Prize.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Nkhondo itatha, Alexei Surkov, amene yonena chakhala kugwirizana ndi chipani ndi boma ntchito, monga mkonzi wamkulu wa "Ogonyok" ndi rector wa Institute of Literature wachita kwambiri chifukwa kudzindikira talente latsopano. Atalemba Anna Akhmatova, kuteteza dzina lake kutsogolo kwa Joseph Stalin. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pokhala chikominisi mtima, sikuti iye kuzindikira mozama Boris Pasternak, kutsutsa Solzhenitsyn ndi Andrei Sakharov. Ndakatulo kwa zaka zingapo, adzakhala kutsogozedwa ndi Union of Soviet Writers.

Mu 1969, boma kusangalala limodzi zina zikayenda wake Star ya Hero mwa zinthu ntchito. Atafa munthu mu 1983, anthu ambiri adzakhala ndakatulo zochititsa chidwi anatchuka kwambiri Yaroslavl dziko.