Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Zhukovsky. Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - amphamvu munthu, anapambana pa zinthu zambiri. Waukulu chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Zhukovsky kwagona kuti iye wakhala odziwika ndakatulo, anamasulira ndi bwalo woyenera mlangizi. Iye anakhoza kuzindikira malingaliro awo kulenga mu m'Chiarabu ndipo nyimbo, ndakatulo ndi Mabaibulo. Kuyambira ndili mwana zinali zoonekeratu kufuna kukongola, amene Vasily sanazengereze kubweretsa moyo. Chifukwa cha ichi, lero tiri ndi mwayi kuwerenga ndakatulo ya Zhukovsky.

Origin Zhukovsky

VA Zhukovsky anakulira atate wake, chifukwa iye ndi mwana anakana. Izo zinachitika chifukwa Basil anali apathengo ndi Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin (yemwe anali agogo a ndakatulo Russian ndi wolemba Ivan Bunin) ndi ukapolo Turkey mkazi Salhi. Iye anabweretsedwa ku Russia pambuyo Kuzinga Turkey linga la Bendery. Salha anabatizidwa ndipo anapatsidwa dzina la Elizabeth Orthodox. Iye anatenga zapamwamba kuti mwininyumba lapansi. Kuyambira February 9 (New kalendala) 1783 anaonekera Basil, koma mnyamata anapatsidwa dzina la mwinimunda Zhukovsky, amene anakhala pa chifundo cha Bunin. Bunin anabweretsa mwana ndi ana ake yovomerezeka. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti A. I. Bunin anaonetsetsa kuti mwana wake analandira knighthood, ndi kuyambira ubwana analemba ntchito yake yausilikali Komabe, fictitious. Choncho, ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mwanayo anakhala msilikali ndipo ankaona njonda. Koma chifuniro cha Afanasiy Bunin mwana wapathengo sanatchulidwepo, kusiya mbiri ana yovomerezeka.

The chidwi umunthu a ndakatulo iyi?

V. A. Zhukovskogo analidi kwambiri m'mbiri ya ndakatulo Russian. Potengera mfundo za olemba a chi Western ndi olemba Vasily kulenga ntchito zawo, wodzazidwa ndi chikhulupiriro ndi tsogolo labwino kwa anthu, mu kuti mukhoza kukhala munthu ŵakusanga ndi palokha. Mu ndime iye ntchito zithunzi chikondi chimene ngakhale momveka kwambiri kuwawonetsera lingaliro la ufulu, kulimbana mfundo zapamwamba za ubwino, kukongola, ndi dongosolo.

Motero zinaoneka ndime yoyamba Zhukovsky - "Rural manda", "woyimba ku msasa wa Russian", "Mfumu Alexander." Aliyense wa iwo - kuitana kwa mtendere, mgwirizano, pempho ndi chilengedwe, bata ndi mtendere. Zhukovsky amakonda kuganizira kukongola ndi ouziridwa ndi izo, kuyesera kusangalala chikhalidwe ndi owerenga. Choncho, nthawi zonse chidwi mbali lamkati la moyo. Iye ali kutali ndi ndale, nkhondo, ndi kulimbana chikhalidwe. Iwo kotero ife tikhoza kuchiona icho mu 'ndakatulo, "ndakatulo," Kuti Batyushkov "," Chisilavo "ndi ena.

anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti Zhukovsky ndi mlembi mizere "kukongola choyera". Pambuyo Pushkin mobwerezabwereza.

Zhukovsky Mbali

Popeza analembedwa Noble kukwera School, iye anali m'dera zolembalemba, anali tcheyamani ake. Ntchito m'deralo unapangidwa bungwe, maphwando onse ankatsogoleredwa ndi hayala lapansi. Choncho, munthu wolemba ndakatulo ndi chibadwa kuchititsa chifukwa wamba, kusonyeza luso lawo. Mwina anali ndi makhalidwe amene Zhukovsky (ndakatulo) anali mphunzitsi wa Alexander II.

magwero osiyanasiyana amati Vasily sanali kokha mphunzitsi wabwino, komanso mlangizi pa bwalo. Nthawi zambiri napulumutsa alakatuli ukapolo, makamaka A. S. Pushkina, zingakhudzire maganizo a mfumu panopa, pochepetsa chiweruzo, T. E. Zhukovskomu chibadidwe mphatso zamtendere.

Pakuti chikondi moyo wa ndakatulo uncharacteristic chipongwe. M'malo mwake, kuyambira ubwana anali wolemekezeka ndi kungotengeka maganizo anali tcheru ndi tcheru. Ndinali ndi gulu mwauzimu, ndipo aliyense chomuchitira kwambiri namkwapula. Ndakatulo ndi Mabaibulo zathandiza kuti afotokoze maganizo ndi ululu anakumana ndi wolemba ndakatulo iyi, ndi owerenga anauziridwa ndi achipongwe bwino ndi succinct, mawu okongola kuti linachititsa wofuna kukhala ndi moyo. Zhukovsky ndakatulo ntchito yake yolenga chinakwaniritsidwa.

udindo Zhukovsky pa yachifumu

Angapo a olemba ndakatulo ndi akhoza kudzitama za chikoka chachikulu pa bwalo. Kawirikawiri andakatulo ankadana mawu chachikulu mu ndime anathamangitsidwa kapena kunyongedwa, koma Zhukovsky anakwanitsa kuswa mtima lachifumu, ndipo nthawi zambiri napulumutsa alakatuli ukapolo, anathandiza A. S. Pushkinu, serf ndakatulo Shevchenko. Zikomo kwa iye Decembrists sanatumize anthu kuti scaffold, ndi ku Siberia. Chifukwa chotsatira ndi kumafuna talente, ndi Zhukovsky, iye Mosakayika. Apo ayi, moyo Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo sindikanapita kumusi mu mbiri. Zikusonyeza mmene kwambiri kutenga maganizo a akuluakulu a mafumu ndakatulo.

Zhukovsky zaka za moyo anali zinapatsira ndi lingaliro la maphunziro, chimene, ndipo ofanana mlendo, ndi Russian. Koma Russian, zozama chikhutiro cha ndakatulo iyi, ndi la phindu lalikulu kwa anthu Lathu, kuposa mlendo. Yotsirizira adzachita kunja chodzikonda, osati chifukwa cha chikondi cha Russia chake munthu yemweyo adzafunafuna kuthandiza Mama mapeto. Mmenemo muli ndi mphamvu ya Lathu, kumene ntchito zikuluzikulu ankaimba ndi malamulo a mfumu.

moyo wa ndakatulo iyi

Basil Afanasievich anali munthu aliyense madona. Choyamba Chikondi anakumana naye pa zaka 22 ku nyumba kwa mchemwali wake ndi bambo wake, Ekateriny Protasovoy. mwana wake Masha anali ndi zaka 12, iye anali wophunzira wa Zhukovsky. Patatha zaka 7 za Basil amukopere ndi Protassova Masha. Koma analandira kulephera molimba monga mayi Catherine ankanena kuti Mary - mphwanga wa Basil.

Personal moyo Zhukovsky anayamba pa zaka 58 pamene iye anapita ku Germany ndipo anakwatira mwana wa bwenzi lake, chithunzicho Reitern, April 21, 1841, The ndakatulo odzipereka ndakatulo yake "Elizabeth Reitern", limene linatuluka mu 1840 mu magazini "zoyimbira ndi ed boma yotchedwa Gazette ". Elizabeth anali pa nthawi imeneyo ndi zaka 19. Ukwati ndi mwana Paulo ndi mwana Alexandra. Zaka zingapo Zhukovsky aswa lingaliro kubwerera kwawo, koma zinasokoneza matenda mkazi wake.

Pamodzi iwo anakhala zaka 15.

Mu April 1852 m'tauni German wa Baden-Baden, moyo ndakatulo anali ikayandikira.

Mu 1856, Elizabeth anafa Zhukovskaya.

Zhukovsky mu kukumbukira ndi

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Zhukovsky kupereka Maulendo a m'nthawi. Choncho makhalidwe a Maulendo awo osokoneza. Ena amaona kuti umunthu chete ndi enigmatic, ena amati Zhukovsky - moyo wa kampani. N'zovuta kuweruza Choncho, kukhulupirira mu makoti.

Mu Maulendo Ake, kamera-tsamba wa Maria Feodorovna Zhukovsky "zinthu modekha", iye sanatero analankhula liwu limodzi mu Russian. Koma ambiri ankakonda kukambirana Kulingalira pa mitu umboni kuti zotsatira mu ndakatulo zonse za zithunzi chikondi, monga "Lipoti mwatsatanetsatane pa mwezi." Sichangozi Maulendo ambiri akamachita chifanizo cha Zhukovsky anali kudutsa ndakatulo. Mu amaonekera "matsenga", "wongonena", "woimba wa asilikali Russian", "Mkhristu." Limenelo linali dzina la wolemba ndakatulo anzanu, achibale ndi anthu samudziwa.

Ngakhale tsiku ndi tsiku kulankhulana naye anthu anaona Vasilii Andreeviche makamaka ndakatulo. Mwachidule za Zhukovsky anati AD Bludova: "Kucheza ndi iye chimodzimodzi wokwezeka ... atavala pafupifupi lachinsinsi Luso noticeable monga zithunzi zake zachikondi." Komabe, kwa anthu ena, tiyenera kuphunzira makhalidwe osiyana kwambiri. Mu Maulendo a mabwenzi apamtima F. F. Vigelya, A. S. Pushkina, P. A. Vyazemskogo moyo ndi ntchito ya Zhukovsky amaoneka mosiyana. Iwo amachitikira ife ndi chifaniziro cha joker, joker, "wabodza oseketsa ndi wanzeru."

Choncho, ngwazi wathu Chili ziwiri zosiyana maonekedwe. Iye zosiyanasiyana kumaonekera tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ntchito, koma n'zimene zimathandiza kuti kulenga chithunzi kwambiri lodalirika. Kwambiri ndi pafupi ndi parody, nthabwala - akuyitanira zogwirizana ndi olungama amoyo.

view wina

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Zhukovsky kuonekera pamene timawerenga za Maulendo AO Smirnova-Rosset, ophunzira, zolembalemba mphatso mkazi. Iye tikunena maso ake pa Zhukovsky tsiku ndi tsiku, choncho kufotokoza ake a ndakatulo iyi zimatengera pa tanthauzo lonse osiyana. Vasily kukhala aluso, chikondi pang'ono, wosalakwa, mtundu, zoseketsa, okhulupirika ndi achikondi nthabwala mwana ndi nthabwala.

Mu salons mabuku opanda V. A. Zhukovskogo, chifukwa amaona iye chidaliro mu zolinga zake za munthu amene ali ndi Albucasis mu luso la zolembalemba. Mozungulira ntchito zake zonse azinyadira mkangano waukulu, kutanthauza kuti iwo anayankha zikusonyeza pakati owerenga ndi adani aukali. Koma Zhukovsky ankaoneka patali tikuyamba kukambirana ndi kutsutsana. Iye anali kuyang'anira iwo kuchokera kumbali, chete. Mu mphindi, mawu a wolemba Iye anapeza chitetezo ndakatulo, "zomwe zimadalira pa oweruza lalifupi akuthwa ndi zili yokha."

Mu Maulendo ake, mnzake wapamtima A. S. Pushkina Zhukovsky amapita bwenzi odalirika, wokhulupirika, woleza mtima ndi sankafuniranso: ". Kulimbana ndi mavuto a wothamanga waukulu"

choncho lililonse

Mfundo Zina chidwi ndi moyo wa Zhukovsky kufotokoza iye ngati wopeleka munthu mtundu. Maulendo ambiri chikondwerero kudzichepetsa kwake, koma kumvetsa bwino chifaniziro chake amathandiza chitsanzo chimodzi. Mu 1840, Zhukovsky abwenzi anaganiza kuti adzampatsa nkhomaliro, amene ankafuna kuti abwere kwa pulofesa okalamba. Wolemba ndakatulo anakana kumuona pa mndandanda mlendo, chifukwa kuwerenga odes wake laudatory ndi mfundo za Vasily yekha. Complete mphwayi anatchuka ndi kutamandidwa a wolemba amadziwika monga zauzimu, chizindikiro panopa.

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Zhukovsky zikusonyeza kuti iye anakumana ndi zokwera ndi zotsika, koma mapeto a masiku ake adakhalabe woona mtima kwa maloto ake. Iye sanali wankhanza ayi, kotero anapereka A. S. Pushkinu chithunzi ndi mawu "wopambana wophunzira wochokera mphunzitsi woluza".

frosty tsiku lina Zhukovsky anaona wopemphapempha kumbali ya msewu, ndi mapazi frostbitten. Iye akumupatsa iye 110 rubles (a ndalama yaikulu m'masiku amenewo; kuyerekezera, chakudya chabwino mu malo odyera ndalama masenti 10). Tsiku lotsatira, wolumala wa Zhukovsky malangizo kuchipatala ndi chithandizo cha ufulu.

Amene anafika mlakatuli?

• Zinali iye amene anakamba Russian Romanticism anapereka kwa zikamera ake zilandiridwenso. Kumasulira ntchito European, wolemba ndakatulo anauziridwa ndi malingaliro Western ndipo anayesa kuwalowetsa moyo wa anthu Russian, koma iye anachita icho diplomatically, kupewa ziganizo nkhanza ndi boma, ndipo izi yapindula chikondi cha anthu otchuka lachifumu. Kenako malingaliro achikondi amenewa anayamba ntchito ndi ena akuyimba Russian. Makamaka, A. S. Pushkin chifukwa cha ntchito ya Zhukovsky, kulemekeza ndi kutamanda luntha lake.
• Mothandizidwa wa Zhukovsky monga bwana, tiri bwino ntchito zambiri A. S. Pushkina, makamaka ndi ndakatulo "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila". Alexander - wanzeru wa mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 19 - sakanatha kulemba zambiri popanda kuwerenga mavesi ena Zhukovsky, ndipo pambuyo poti munthu ziyenera a anapitiriza kulenga.
• Monga mphunzitsi wa Mfumu Alexander Wachiwiri, Zhukovsky anamuphunzitsa kuganiza chachikulu, kudalira maganizo a azungu, chodzala chikondi pang'ono chifuniro cha mfumu ndi kuzindikira. Lamulo ili, Alexander II, serfdom linathetsedwa mu 1861.
• Zilandiridwenso Vasily anazindikira mwa mibadwo ambiri owerenga ndi kukhala otchuka lero. Kukumbukira izo perpetuated.

Zhukovsky zolemba

Zhukovsky zaka za moyo tidasiya chizindikiro awo. Ana anadutsa ndakatulo ambiri, Mabaibulo, nkhani zolembalemba kuti kuunikira pa zochitika za m'mbuyomu, ndi Nkhani lofalitsidwa lero, kutanthauza zilandiridwenso Vasily chidwi kwa ife.

Zhukovsky - woyambitsa 6 elegies: ". Woyimba ku msasa wa Russian" "Rural manda", "Chisilavo", "nyanja", "madzulo", "Pa imfa ya ..."

Iye analemba nyimbo "mphete Buthu moyo" ndi "Turgenev poyankha kalata yake," nyimbo, idylls ndi odes. Iye analemba woyamba Russian Nyimbo yafuko "Pemphero Russian."

Kuyambira cholembera chake anabwera nthano "akugona Mfumukazi", "The nthano za Tsar Berende", "The nthano za Ivan Tsarevich ndi Gray Wolf," "Puss mu nsapato."

Mlembi wa m'Chiarabu 12 - "Svetlana", "Mfumu ya Nkhalango", "Knight Togenburg" ndi ena. ntchito yake prose - buku "Marina Grove". Kulemba nkhani, ndakatulo, ndime, ndakatulo. Goethe anachita anasamutsidwa kwawo, Schiller, Byron, Scott.

Zhukovsky anali draftsman wabwino ndi wasiya zina zachidule zambiri zosangalatsa pensulo.

Mwachidule yonena za ndakatulo iyi

02.09.1783 - kubadwa kwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo.

1789 - kupeza anthu otchuka.

1797-1801 gg. - maphunziro ku sukulu yogonera komweko, umene unali mu mphamvu pa University Moscow.

1802 - kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ngati ndakatulo komanso womasulira. Mu "Journal of Europe" lofalitsidwa ndakatulo "Rural manda" - ufulu kumasulira ntchito za Chingerezi ndakatulo ya Gray. The moyo kulenga ya Zhukovsky mpaka anamwalira.

Ya 1808-1809. - mkonzi wa "Mtumiki wa Europe".

1812 - Vasily Zhukovsky kumanzere asilikali. Iye anatsimikizira kuti popanda pamaso pa nthaka sangathe kulemba ndakatulo ndi kuyimba kukonda kwambiri dziko lawo. Muyenera kumva maganizo a anthu. Apo ayi, mu ndime musadzakhulupirire zimenezo.

1815 - anaitanidwa ku utumiki bwalo. Kuwonjezera ntchito zina, anali owerenga wa Mfumukazi Maria Feodorovna.

1817 - yoikidwiratu kuphunzitsa Chirasha wamkazi wa mfumu Charlotte.

1825 - anaika namkungwi Alexander II.

1841 - Zhukovsky yosiya ku gulu moyo rubles 4000 pa chaka. The ukwati a ndakatulo iyi. Kusamukira ku Germany.

mzinda 24.04.1852 - imfa ya ndakatulo iyi. Kumanda V. A. Zhukovskogo inali ku St. Petersburg, ku manda a Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Malowa ali pamtunda pafupi ndi manda N. M. Karamzina - mphunzitsi a ndakatulo iyi.