The French Chenicheni

Education (sukulu ya maganizo pa 17-18 mibadwo) zochokera amakhulupirira kuti mu chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, Chofanana weniweni chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe ndi anthu, kumathandiza zikuluzikulu udindo chifukwa ndi sayansi. Zounikira chifukwa cha masautso anthu ankaona achipembedzo zotentheka, umbuli ndi obscurantism. Monga ankatsutsa ang'onoang'ono-absolutist boma, iwo anali mokomera kulingana ndiponso ufulu ndale.

The maphunziro French analandira mawu ake momveka bwino mu zaka 1715-1789, osati mwamwayi kuti nyengo iyi akutchedwa "M'badwo wa Choonadi» (siècle des lumières). Ndinatuluka pamodzi oimira vutoli okonda zojambulajambula, asayansi, nzeru ena, achilamulo ndi ena.

French Choonadi cha m'ma 18 analenga yachilendo kugwirizana pakati pa boma ndi munthu pa zinthu ndi zikhomo yaikulu ya ŵakusanga munthu ano, udindo wake koyenela ngati wonyamula wa ulamuliro wapamwamba - maganizo.

M'zaka za m'ma 18 mu France ndi chitukuko ubale bourgeois ndi kulimbikitsa malonda feudalism inasanduka chidina, kukuonetsedwa okha zinthu zokhudza-chuma cha anthu. Bourgeois, mosiyana ndi akapolo anzawo akale ankakhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa bwino zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso cholimba monga maphunziro - kupeza nzeru, maphunziro, zomwe bwino oyendetsa maganizo ndi kuthetsa ku tsankho.

The maphunziro French anali mwambo kwambiri mu Europe. Kuti gulu lake chifukwa anali ndi udindo wapamwamba chikhulupiriro, iwo Anapikisana ndi absolutism wa mpingo, kuti ufulu wa kuganiza ndi luso zilandiridwenso. Nthawi imeneyi mwachangu anapanga chikumbumtima bourgeoisie lapansi.

Kuyambira ndi 30-40-ntchentche. m'ma 18, yoweyula woyamba wa maphunziro kayendedwe zokongoletsa ndi kutsutsana nthanthi anayamba kufunafuna mwachangu kwambiri ndi cholinga. Kuchokera 1757 ku Salon zonse mu Paris anayamba kusonyeza zosiyanasiyana zosemasema kuti apeze chakudya cha zokambirana mkangano.

Nzeru za French Choonadi, kulankhula kawirikawiri kulembedwa waluntha, kusiyana ndi lathu kwakukulu chikhalidwe ndi odana ndi zachipembedzo.

"Mabishopu," maphunziro France amaonedwa kukhala French Choonadi, Voltaire ndi Montesquieu, amene anaika maziko ake mpaka mapeto a 40s lapansi. Iwo anali atsogoleri awo, kupereka ndiye gawo mbadwo watsopano. Montesquieu sizinali zoyembekezeka kuona heyday wake (60-70.), Koma Voltaire mu zaka kum'lemekeza kwambiri ndi kutchuka.

Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Holbach, Diderot, Helvetius, d'Alembert - awa ndi anthu aakulu amene anathanso kupanga lalikulu lingaliro - kulenga Mipikisano buku "Encyclopedia" imene kuphatikiza ntchito ya maphunziro kwa nzika, kukwezeleza sayansi, apadera ntchito yolenga. Buku, monga iwo wotchedwa Choonadi, zikuchepa anatsutsa kuti ndale, chipembedzo, maganizo akale pa anthu ndi chikhalidwe. Popanda zofunika kwambiri zomveka tirigu zili mu ziphunzitso zao, Sindingachite Sichoncho liberalism kapena demokalase kapena sosholisimu cha m'ma 19.

Education akuti ndi mawonekedwe enaake anthu ndi okhutira wamphamvu kwenikweni. maphunziro French Umutu ndi chachikulu anthu enaake. Mbali zake zikuluzikulu za nzeru za anthu ndi chiphunzitso ndi zosatheka ndi zabodza. Zounikira zapamwamba sanali zimayambitsa zinthu ndi zotsatira za zochita zake, nchifukwa chake anaika kwambiri, koma kwenikweni unworkable, n'zosatheka cholinga.

chitsanzo maphunziro Classicism zikutanthauza wapadera ake ndi wapadera odziwika Komabe, mfundo chitsanzo ake French anakhala muyeso, muyezo ina yofanana IG Petritskaya. The French Choonadi kunali kusonyeza ambiri onse n'chobadwa mu ndondomeko imeneyi monga chinthu chikhalidwe dziko.