Nzeru ya Choonadi French

M'zaka za m'ma 18, France anali m'nyengo ya chitukuko yogwira bizinesi. Pa nthawi imeneyi dziko anali akukonzekera kusintha kwambiri ndi kukonzanso - izo zinatha odziwika bourgeois zisinthe. Ndi Pa mopendekeka ndipo anayamba nzeru za French Choonadi.

Ndi chitukuko ngati m'dzikoli, monga mtundu, tiyenera kufotokoza zenizeni za zochitika, systematization chidziwitso. Kubadwa Kwatsopano nthawi mu France amakhala ndi maganizo oyipa kwambiri kwa ang'onoang'ono kukonza, kuti mwayi wa oimira chiyambi mfulu. French nzeru ena a Choonadi kudzudzulidwa chipembedzo ndi Mpingo anazindikira okha monga chiwalo cha mphamvu ya maubwenzi, ndi njira kupezerera anthu.

Komano, anthu a nzeru kwambiri nthawi ankakhulupirira kuti muzu wa zoyipa zonse umbuli wa nzika wamba, monga zinthu zimene retardation maganizo zina ndi maganizo yachibadwa chabe kumvetsetsa ufulu wawo monga munthu. Nzeru za chikhalidwe cha ku French Chenicheni inachokera pa lingaliro la maphunziro. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti mapangidwe zofuna ndi otchuka ndi banja lachifumu - kunali koyenera kuwafotokozera mfundo zina za boma.

The nzeru za pa French Choonadi ndi cholinga chake chachikulu. Mu nthawi ino ya chitukuko wakhala bwino anapanga mfundo zitatu zazikulu maganizo, omwe anali otsatira ake ndi otsatira:

• Deism - malowa anakana mfundo kuli Mulungu ndipo n'zotheka kuti Mulungu ali mphamvu iliyonse pa njira ya zochitika;
• Chuma - anayamba mchikakamizo cha sayansi, makamaka zimango. Gululi azimuth ichi amakhulupirira kuti nzeru ayenera mwachidule deta zonse za sayansi. Ndithudi, Mulungu alipo anakanidwa m'mbali. Kupezeka kwa dziko, asayansi anafotokoza chabe ku mawonedwe a sayansi achilengedwe
• Socialist kapena zosatheka, malangizo - atamwalira zisinthe;

French nzeru ena a Choonadi: Voltaire. Izi mwina mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe ndi nzeru. Izi wolemba wotchuka pa nthawi mwachindunji anakana chipembedzo komanso malamulo ake, Pamilunguyo gulu deists. Kumene, Voltaire sanali mosiya chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu. Koma ankakhulupirira kuti Mulungu analenga chokhacho dziko lapansi, akuperekanso kayendedwe zina ndi sikusokoneza zinthu kupita njira yawo.

Izi woganiza wotchuka analalikira chithandizo umunthu anthu wamba. Komabe, iye akhapidziwa kuti si boma lachifumu - yekha wangwiro boma. Vuto anangoona olamulira ndi kusafuna kwawo kusamalira anthu osaphunzira osauka.

Nzeru za French Choonadi ndi nthumwi zake.

Zh.Zh.Russo- wina wokongola wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba, wolemba ndi mphunzitsi. Iye anakana ulamuliro wa mpingo pa zikhulupiriro zake, popanda nkhanza ndi zotentheka. Komabe, anavomereza kuti boma akusowa chipembedzo kuti adzapanga anthu lokhalamo anthu a m'gulu. Iye ngakhale analenga mfundo chipembedzo "yapachiweniweni singaimitse ntchitoyi", kutanthauza kuti anayenera kukhulupirira pambuyo pamoyo uno, basi kubweza ntchito mphotho chilango chabwino ndi choipa.

Lamettrie - anali kukhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu ndipo anakana Mwina kuli Mulungu. Komanso, iye anakana kufunika kwa chipembedzo kwa anthu, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti makhalidwe ichi chimadza kokha ndi zinachitikira. nzeru zapamwamba uyu anali kuziganizira kuti munthu aliyense wobadwa woyipa, sioneka komanso olusa. A ukoma, ndi makhalidwe ena abwino anagula mu njira ya maphunziro oyenera.

Diderot - wasayansi anali kukhulupirira yosiyaniranapo pa moyo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ndi chikhalidwe wabadwa wabwino. Zoipa zimachitika ngati munthu akukula. Makhalidwe a mtundu zimadalira malamulo a dongosolo chikhalidwe kasamalidwe ndi moyo.