Dongosolo lonse ndalama ndi kufunika kwake ku dziko zamakono

  Mu dongosolo la ndalama m'dziko masiku ano zikutanthauza kufalitsidwa ndalama zonse mwa maiko otukuka, ndi ubwenzi ndalama ndi limati zina. The padziko lonse dongosolo ndalama si nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe umene ife anazolowera tikawaone.

Poyamba, dongosolo kupangika zokha, palibe wina sadayeserepo kuilamulira. Ngakhale zinali zochokera pa muyeso wa golide, koma pang'onopang'ono anayamba malamulo. Chifukwa, kudali chakuti akuchokera pepala-ngongole ndalama.

Dziko ano dongosolo ndalama wabwera kutali chitukuko, zomwe kwakukulukulu mobwerezabwereza magawo yomwe ankayenera kudutsamo ndi dziko machitidwe ndalama za maiko payekha. Mwachitsanzo, choyambirira cha dziko chilichonse kaya dongosolo ndalama zochokera pa muyeso wa golide, golide chitsimikizo cha bata ndi amachita monga njira malipiro. Kenako, ntchito ndalama za golidi anasiya, pogwiritsa ntchito bullion monga ina. Pa gawo lotsiriza, kachitidwe anabwera ntchito pepala-ngongole ndalama, ndi kale mbali yaikulu afika ngongole.

Dongosolo ndalama m'bwalo lonse

  Padziko njira yomweyo anachita ndi dongosolo ndalama lonse. Ngakhale padziko pali malamulo ena angapo chitukuko cha zinthu za dongosolo anali mumaganiza ofanana. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi mu mgwirizano wa mayiko sanachitepo nthawi golide ndalama, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ingots zinapitirira kwa zaka zingapo.

Komabe, nthawi yomweyo pali chitukuko zosiyanasiyana wothandiza ngongole ndalama. Poyamba, iwo anakhala zolemba wapadera kapena macheke. Zonsezi ndi chionetsero cha ngongole ya dziko limati ena kapena mabungwe.

Dongosolo lonse ndalama mu zaka mazana makumi awiri

  Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma makumi zinthu zinayamba kusintha mu dziko, poyamba pa zonse, uyu anali zili asapita zachuma ndi malonda pakati pa mayiko. Imeneyi, dziko dongosolo ndalama sadzatipeza zofunikira za ubwenzi woterewu. kusintha ngati pakufunika kuti akhoza kubweretsa dongosolo ku gawo lina.

dongosolo National ndi dziko ndalama anakhala zochepa lachibadwa, choncho akufunika kulamulira odalirika. Mu nkhani imeneyi, chaka 30 boma ankatembenukira ntchito golide bullion muyezo naye pepala ndi ngongole. dongosolo anapereka mwayi ochepa zina lamulo zachuma.

Kwambiri ndi zinthu Wachiwiri World nkhondo, amene kwambiri anasintha muyezo wa mphamvu mu dziko. Makamaka lalikulu nkhokwe za golide wambiri pa US, kotero mphamvu ya dollar ndi kufalikira.

Mu 1944 iye anali oyamba anachitika choti formalize mfundo ya dziko lapansi ndalama. Pa Conference UN anazindikira golide maziko a dongosolo, ndi dola ndi mapaundi chabwino anamucha ndalama yaikulu ya dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhazikitsa bungwe la International Monetary Fund. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti dziko ndalama mpandadenga, ndipo wathandiza kuthetsa ubale ambiri ndi lichotse chisokonezeko ankakhalira ndiye mu chuma padziko lonse.

Komabe, patapita zinthu zinayamba kusintha Europe, ndi Japan anatha kumachilambalala nkhokwe za golide US, kotero kugwedezeka chifukwa chuma zimalepheretsa dongosolo ndalama lonse. dollar unayamba kugwa, ndipo m'mayiko ambiri akana kukhala mlingo wa ndalama ya mtundu wawo ndi dollar mu aone kuti pali lapansi. US devalued dola, ndi m'mayiko ambiri anasamukira ku mitengo akuyandama.

Kuyambira mu 1973, mtengo wa golide anayamba kudziwa msika wapadziko lonse ndi dongosolo lonse ndalama anamuchotsa chikoka cha golide. kuchita zimenezi zimasungika lero, ngakhale kwa nthawi kusintha nthawi anapangidwa kuti akakumane mfundo lonse.