Bolivar - Venezuela Chodikanira: mbiri ndi mbali

Posachedwapa, bolivar, ndalama Venezuela anali ndi manambala oyambirira "Fuerte" kutanthauza amphamvu. dzina izi zikutanthauza mtendere wa unit ndalama, ndipo anali wolungama ndi zaka. Tsopano ndalama Venezuela ndi pakati pa atsogoleri mlingo wa devaluation.

Magwero a masiku ano Venezuela (bolivar)

Ndalama unachitika Bolivar - Venezolana, anali kuimirira ndi zizindikiro latsopano mu 1879. Dzina anapatsidwa ulemu wa mtsogoleri wa gulu la ufulu wa dziko Spain - Simon Bolivar, Venezuela anakhala ngwazi chachikulu.

Bolivars koyamba mu March 1871, koma zaka eyiti ndalama ziwiri Co-anakhala banknotes zonse. Poyamba, anaganiza chiŵerengero wa bolivar kuti Venezolana 1 mpaka 20, m'chaka cha 1879 wosakwatira (Bolivar) ndalama. Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama kwa banknotes latsopano kale anali 1 mpaka 5 (aliyense Venezolana anapereka 5 bolivars).

Venezuela ndalama msomali kwa mayunitsi ena

Pa nthawi yatsoka wa bolivar anali pegged kwa "siliva muyezo" wogwirizana ndalama ku Latin America. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti unit ndalama anali wofanana 4.5 ga siliva kapena golide 0.29g. Kuwonjezera pa muyezo bimetallic, chitetezo kufufuma anapereka chilinganizo chimene nkhani ya banknotes latsopano ankadalira anthu dziko.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, kutchuka wabweza zolemba pepala, adzalanda kumanga kwa siliva. Mu 1887 anaganiza kuti akonze bolivar ndi golide. Latsopano nangula anaonekera mu 1934, pambuyo kusamutsidwa yomaliza ya United States wa mpikisano zonse ndalama. Kenako, mayiko ambiri anakhazikitsa kumangako kwa dollar American, imadalira ndi Venezuela (Bolivar) ndalama. Ndalama kusinthitsa ndalama anali 3,91 1, mu 1937 unasintha 3,18 1 ndipo anapitirizabe pa mlingo mpaka 1983. nthawi yonseyi, unit ndalama za Venezuela anali mmodzi wa khola kwambiri, osati Latin America koma dziko lonse.

Komanso Dziwani kuti chuma Venezuela ndi kwambiri amadalira mitengo mafuta dziko, monga dziko ndi imodzi mwa makampani aakulu kwambiri a zipangizo.

Kuyambira bata kugwa

Tsiku la February 18, 1983 anadziwika ku Venezuela monga "Black Friday." Zinali ndiye kuti kugwa bolivar, kuti achotsedwe udindo ŵa mu mawu a bata. Devaluation anapitiriza atachuluka ngongole ziro, zambiri devaluing ndi bolivar.

Yosinthira ndalama mfundo anafikira mu 2150 bolivars 1 dola US mu kasupe oyambirira 2005. Patapita zaka ziwiri anaganiza chipembedzo, ndipo kuchokera tsiku loyamba la anthu 2008 anandisiya pa manja a ndalama zizindikiro zatsopano chiŵerengero cha 1,000 1.

A ndalama amphamvu dziko amphamvu

Pafupifupi choncho zinkamveka mawu kusintha mu 2008, pamene chuma anayesetsa mwa kuyambitsa latsopano "amphamvu" bolivar. Ndiye anaganiza mapangidwe latsopano la ndalama mu mndandanda wa mayiko: VEF (aafupi "Venezuela bolivar amphamvu"). Ndalama opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a zolemba ndi ndalama: 1 Bolivar masenti 100. Ena amanena kuti dzina latsopano chikugwirizana ndi Peso Fuerte - ndalama zimene zinali Inde kalekale.

Pambuyo Mokweza izo kachiwiri wabweza ndalama bata poyerekezera ndi ndalama za maiko ena. Sitikudziwa bata akuoneka yekha, monga nduna ndipo "wakuda" mlingo Bolivar kusiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2008, mkulu kusinthitsa ndalama anaima pa 2,15 bolivars for $ 1, ndi pa msika wakuda kanasinthika ndi 5.2 kuti 1. Akuluakulu a magulu onse ankhondo ndi msika yogawikana, choletsedwa ngakhale kutchulidwa kwa chaka chachiwiri, ndi nzeru izo kulangidwa.

Venezuela amphamvu (Bolivar Fuerte) ndalama: kusinthitsa ndalama motsutsa ruble, dollar ndi yuro

Chaka chatha kufooka kwambiri zinachitika pakati pa February 2016, pamene lamulo la Pulezidenti Nicolas Maduro kunachitidwa devaluation la 59%. Pambuyo nduna kusinthitsa ndalama za bolivar ndi dola US wasintha kuchokera 6.3 kuti 10.

Deta zotsatirazi zogwirizana ndi mapeto a April 2016.

1 USD = 9,95 VEF (1 Venezuela Bolivar kutsatsa kwa 0,10 madola US).

1 EUR = 11,17 VEF (1 Venezuela Bolivar kutsatsa kwa mayuro 0.09).

1 GBP = 14,36 VEF (1 Venezuela Bolivar kupereka mapaundi 0,07 chabwino).

1 opaka = 0,15 VEF (1 Venezuela Bolivar zokolola za 6,72 rubles).

1 UAH = 0,39 VEF (1 Venezuela Bolivar kutsatsa kwa 2,55 hryvnia).

Ngakhale ndalama amatchedwa "amphamvu bolivar", pambuyo achire wa ngongole yapita "Fuerte" manambala oyambirira chikupitiriza osowa. M'mawu colloquial a m'deralo pafupifupi nthawi zonse ntchito yochepa dzina - ndi bolivar.

Ndalama choyambirira cha chipembedzo ndi kunja mbali

Bolivar kwambiri chionekera bwino alipidwa madola onse ndi mayuro. Makamaka zokhudza kapangidwe ka banknotes, mbali yakutsogolo amene anapanga vertically, ndi mbali n'zosiyana ndi yopingasa. Ngongole kukongoletsa kutsogolo Venezuela ndale, ndi kumbuyo zikusonyeza mbalame ndi nyama zokhala dziko.

Inakhazikitsa banknote 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 ndi 100 bolivars ndi ndalama Bolivar 1 1, 5, 10, 12 ½, 25 ndi 50 masenti. 12 ½ masenti, mukhoza kuitana mbali ya ndalama Venezuela. Pa dzanja limodzi zikusonyeza masenti mwadzina, nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndi dzina la unit ndalama ndi wachiwiri ndalama odula manja ndi deti la magazini. Pang'ono osiyana Bolivar 1: choyimira zoti mbali imodzi ya mtengo mwadzina, nyenyezi ndi chaka kupanga kumbali n'zosiyana yophiphiritsira chithunzi Simon Bolivar.

Kodi kusintha ndalama, kodi ndalama kutenga Venezuela

Popeza kuti bolivar kusinthitsa ndalama ndiponso ali ndi msomali kwa dollar US, ndi ulendo bwino kutenga US ndalama. Kumbukirani kuti pali maphunziro awiri mu dziko: mu malo ovomerezeka komwe analola yosinthira ndalama, ndi bolivar adzagulitsa pa mlingo yoyenera anapereka Bank ku Central la Venezuela mwa dongosolo la boma. Ichi ndi choona pa gombe, maofesi kuwombola, mahotela, masitolo, kuyenda ndi mabungwe zoyendera.

Ndalama ndi izo pa mlingo wa akatangale loyang'anizana mavuto ambiri, monga ndikoletsedwa ndipo malo zikusintha kwambiri za akuba. A njira zabwino ndi mumadola m'misika ndi ena mabungwe payekha. Ndithu wokonzeka kusintha madalaivala madola takisi ndi atsogoleri ulendo kupereka maphunzirowo pakati kawiri kuposa kubanki.

Bank makadi ndi opanda pake kawiri: choyamba, pamene inu kulipira iwo kapena pochoka ndalama ntchito National Bank mlingo, ndipo kachiwiri, ntchito Inenso kuwerenga mpaka 10% a kuchuluka ntchito.