Solovetsky mpando: tsiku, chifukwa

The cha m'ma XVII ikusonyezedwa mu moyo wa Mpingo Russian Orthodox, chochitika chofunika - kusintha chipembedzo cha mabishopu, Nikon. Zotsatira zake achita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri Russia ndi wotsatira. Kugwirizanitsa mbali mwambo wa kulambira chotero masewero zabwino, iye anali chifukwa cha magawano achipembedzo anthu. Mawonetseredwe chidwi kwambiri pa anthu ake anali chiwembu cha pa Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa, ikutchedwa Solovetsky mpando.

Chifukwa kusintha

Pofika m'zaka za m'ma XVII mu moyo Mpingo wa dziko pakufunika kusintha mu mabuku a mapemphero. Anali pa nthawi imeneyo ku ntchito mndandanda ndi Mabaibulo a mabuku akale Greek, anabwera Russia pamodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity. Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa yosindikiza, iwo pamanja. Nthawi zambiri mu ntchito yake okopera analakwitsapo, ndipo kwa zaka ndi divergence iliyonse yaikulu ku magwero wapachiyambi.

Chifukwa cha ichi - parishi ndi obisika atsogoleri anali ntchito zosiyanasiyana kasamalidwe ntchito, onse anachita nawo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zilili sangathe kupitiriza. Chifukwa, Mabaibulo atsopano ku Greek, kenako chitidwe ndi kusindikiza apangidwa. Izi anaonetsetsa pachilichonse imachitika pa iwo mapemphero awo. mabuku onse a m'mbuyomu, anatsimikizidwa yosagwira ntchito. Komanso, kusintha envisaged ndi kusintha mu ntchito ya pamtanda. Zoyambazo - zala ziwiri m'malo ndi zala zitatu.

The zikamera wa kugawanika mpingo

Choncho, kusintha anangotchula mbali mwambo wa moyo mpingo popanda okhudza mbali motsimikiza, koma zimene zigawo zambiri za anthu anali oipa kwambiri. Panali kugawanika pakati pa anthu amene analandira kusintha, ndipo adani ake odzipereka amene ankati amene anakhala ndi zaluso kuwononga chikhulupiriro chenicheni, kotero, kubwera kwa Satana.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu otsutsa wotembereredwa mabishopu, Nikon, amenenso anawapatsa anathema. choncho zinatembenuka loopsa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti kukonza sanabwere chabe ku mabishopu, koma okha ndi Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (bambo a Peter I), choncho kukana kuti anali kupandukira boma, ndipo nthawizonse wakhala mu Russia angabwere .

Solovetsky mpando. Mwachidule za zimayambitsa

Onse Russia wa nthawi imeneyo anali akulimbirana mikangano achipembedzo. Kupanduka, wotchedwa Solovki mpando - okhala yankho ili pa zilumba za White Nyanja Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa kuyesa kudzikakamizira akuluakulu kuti mizu mwa iwo unsembe wa kusintha latsopano. Linayamba 1668.

Chotheka pofuna kusangalatsa chilumba opanduka pa May 3 anakapezeka ndi detachment pansi pa lamulo la mfumu musketeers Volokhova akuluakulu, koma anali anakumana ndi chowomberedwa ndi mfuti. Tikumbukenso kuti obisika anakhazikitsidwa kuno osati monga malo auzimu, komanso wamphamvu dongosolo kumbuyo - gulu la asilikali m'njira ya kuwonjezeka Swedish.

Solovetsky mpando ankaimira boma vuto lalikulu chifukwa chakuti zamoyo zonse mu Chimonko obisika, ndipo panali anthu 425, anali okwanira luso asilikali. Komanso, akanagwiritsa ntchito Analeredwa mfuti ndi chiwiya zipolopolo. Kuyambira mu nkhani ya Swedish zokometsera kuzinga akhoza asakhalenso mu dziko kunja, mu kosungira wa agulupa ali nthawizonse amapereka lalikulu la chakudya. Mu mawu ena - kutenga linga ndi mphamvu anali zovuta.

Zaka zoyambirira kuzinga obisika ndi

Tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa boma, kwa zaka zingapo, mulibe kanthu mwachangu ndipo akuyembekezera zotsatira mtendere. Complete anatseka misewu ya agulupa ya wakhazikitsidwa, amene analola zokometsera kuti restock chakudyacho. Komanso, iwo anasonkhana pamodzi ndi otsutsa zina zambiri pakati wamba ndipo anapulumuka chiwembu Stepana Razina, limene kokha kumene kuletsedwa. Chifukwa cha mpando Solovetsky chaka ndi chaka ayamba mbali latsopano.

Pambuyo zaka zinayi kufuna zaonongeka kuswa kukana boma la kupanduka anatumiza kwambiri ambiri mapangidwe asilikali. M'chaka cha 1672 pa chisumbu tidakocheza 725 musketeers molamulidwa ndi akuluakulu Ievleva. Choncho, pa mbali ya linga anazinga anaonekera laling'onolo, koma ngakhale sanapereke zotsatira chogwirika.

Intensification cha nkhondoyi

Last yaitali, ndithudi, sadathe. Ngakhale mtima wa zokometsera wa agulupa ya, mpando Solovetsky amwalira, chifukwa n'zosatheka kudzipatula, ngakhale gulu lalikulu la anthu, kulimbana ndi makina lonse boma. Mu 1673 ndi lamulo la mfumu kupondereza anapanduka White Nyanja anafika kazembe Ivan Meshcherin - anthu amphamvu ndiponso wankhanza. Iye anali ndi udindo wosamalitsa kutenga masitepe achangu kuika kutha kumene kumakhala Amonke zofuna-zayekha. Anali naye, wina, ndi zolimba.

Atafika pamalo ake woterowu kwambiri sakuyenda. Voivod wakhazikitsa anatseka misewu okwana linga la, kudula njira zonse kulankhulana ndi dzikoli. Komanso, ngati m'zaka za m'mbuyo chifukwa frosts kwambiri yozizira kuzinga chinatha ndi oponya mivi anapita patsogolo pa masika mu Sumy ndende, tsopano anatseka misewu inatenga chaka chonse. Potero Solovetsky mpando akumanidwa zinthu zawo n'zodalirika.

Kuyesa obisika kumenya

Ivan Meshcherin anali odziwa ndi waluso warlord ndi bungwe atazingidwa ndi malamulo onse a luso asilikali. Kuzungulira makoma a mabatire obisika zida zankhondo akhala anaika, ndipo anamuika kukumba pansi nsanja. Iwo ankafuna angapo kukathyola mpanda wolimba, koma iwo anali atathamangitsidwa. Chifukwa cha nkhondoyi yogwira ndi zokometsera ndi adani anavutika awiri. Koma vuto ndi kuti boma amene wakwanitsa zoyenera kudzaza imfa ya asilikali ake ndi zokometsera analibe izo, ndipo chiwerengero chawo nthawi zonse ikuchepa.

Kusakhulupirika, omwe anakhala chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa

Kumayambiriro a 1676 izo kamodzinso anatengedwa tiponye obisika, koma zinalephereka. Komabe, atayandikira ora potsirizira pake tidzapeza wosweka mu mwini amunamuna Solovetsky mpando wake. Tsiku January 18 linali tsiku wakuda mu mbiri yake. wompereka wina dzina lake Teoctist anasonyeza kazembe Mescherinovu chinsinsi ndime, chimene chingalowe m'mitima agulupa. Iye sanali kuphonya mwayi ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito izo. Posachedwa oponya mivi kumuwombera anathyola mu mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Chojambulidwa anadabwa zokometsera analephera kupereka kukana chokwanira, ndipo ambiri anaphedwa mu nkhondo yochepa koma aukali.

Anthu amene anapulumuka, kuyembekezera tsoka ndi chisoni. Voivod anali munthu wachiwawa, ndipo patapita mayesero lalifupi atsogoleri a kupanduka ndi anthu ake yogwira anaphedwa. The ena inatha masiku awo mphamvu m'ndende akumidzi. Pomaliza wotchuka Solovetsky mpando. Zifukwa chimamulimbikitsa - kachipembedzo kusintha ndi ndondomeko okhwima boma umalimbana kukhazikitsa, azipereka kusagwirizana kwambiri mu moyo wa Russia kwa zaka zambiri.

Kukula ndi kukula kwa okhulupirira Old

Nthawi imeneyi, pali lonse latsopano gawo la anthu otchedwa Old Okhulupirira, kapena ayi - osafuna kusintha. Anathamangitsa ndi boma, adzapita ku Trans-Volga nkhalango, ndi Urals ndi Siberia, ndipo agwidwa ndi Aiwo - kutenga imfa zaufulu pamoto. Kukana ulamuliro wa mfumu ndi ulamuliro wa mpingo boma, anthu awa anadzipereka kuteteza kuti anazindikira "wakale achifundo." Ndipo nthawi zonse chitsanzo kwa iwo wosamvera agulupa ya agulupa pa White Sea.