Solovetsky obisika. Mbiri ya Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo chodabwitsa kwambiri wauzimu wa Russian North. Solovetsky Islands chidwi ndi kukopa osati chifukwa cha kukongola ndi lalikulu malo lotseguka, komanso nkhani pachiyambi.

makoma Local kumbukirani m'mavuto, koma osati zochepa ndi chimwemwe. Kubwera kuno, inu agwera mu nthano ndi zizindikiro ndi kudziwana chimake cha moyo Russian.

Pearl Orthodoxy

Anabzala hermits atatu selo patapita zaka zambirimbiri chasanduka chuma padziko lonse. Mamiliyoni amwendamnjira kubwera chaka chilichonse dziko chodabwitsa. kachisi uyu asanabwere chake anakwanitsa kufika linga asilikali, kundende ndi msasa kumene kuika zinthu zatsopano pa anthu.

Komabe, palibe akanathetsa mzimu wa ansembe. Lero, patapita zaka zambiri mu obisika likufa kubwezeretsedwa, umatulutsa zosiyanasiyana kulambira ndi Haji, misonkhano ikuchitikira n'kugwira mawu a Mulungu wamba.

malo Hrs

Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa lili zilumba anayi a zilumba mu White Sea. nyumba osiyana, malo ndi mchitidwe umenewu zili mu zidutswa yaikuluikulu m'dziko.

Kukongola koonekeratu Malo ambiri basi amasintha malingaliro a munthu wauzimu. Nzosadabwitsa, malinga ndi nthano, nyumba onse obisika ndi kuima pa malo zozizwitsa ndi vumbulutso kunachitika.

Choncho, pa Big Solovetsky Island ndi Ascension ndi Savvatiy Skit ndi Filippovskaya, Makarii ndi Isaakovskaya chipululu.

Pa Big Muksalma ili Sergio obisika. Apa, kuika kachisi m'dzina la St. Sergio wa Radonezh. Palinso ena obisika ndi munda nyumba kwa membala ndodo. zilumba ziwirizi ogwirizana ndi msewu wopita amatchedwa "Stone Bridge".
Pa Anzere ndi Eleazara chipululu, Utatu, ndi Gologota-Kupachikidwa Skete.
Big Kalulu Island anapereka pogona St. Andrew chipululu.

Zambiri za nyumba ndi wa zaka 17-18, koma iwo zinamangidwa motsogozedwa wa Chimonko pa malo a nyumba zakale dilapidated.

Komanso Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky obisika, ngati zochokera mbiri yakale za thupi farmsteads khumi ndi zinayi. Anakakhala makamaka maparishi kumpoto kwa Russian Ufumu.

Pawiri - chofanana ya nthambi obisika. Community, wosiyana ndi okhawo ndi moyo kunja gawo ovomerezeka. Koma alemekeza hayala ya agulupa chachikulu.

Pakali pano, anayi okha lizigwira obisika - mu Moscow, Arkhangelsk ndi Kem Faustovo (m'mudzi Chilwa Suli kutali Moscow).

Pakuti amwendamnjira ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chilolezo chofunika kupita ku obisika Solovetsky. Kodi kuchikwaniritsa? Akuphedwa zikalata ndi chisamaliro zina amangoona kutenga bungwe la. Choncho, pali yachiwiriyo: kulipira odziwa ulendo woyendetsa, chifukwa ntchito zonse anakuchitirani inu, kapena kupita, kuyesa zonse nokha. Njira yoyamba ndi mtengo ndipo mofulumira, wachiwiri - ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wautali.

Mbiri ya Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky obisika kunayamba m'ma 15. Izo zinali mu 1429, Chimonko atatu anaika ndipo anamanga selo loyamba. Patatha nthawi, m'modzi wa iwo, Savvatii, reposed, ndi awiri ena - Herman ndi Zosimus - kumbuyo pa Big Solovetsky Island.

Patangopita iwo anaona masomphenya a mpingo zazikulu m'mphepete kum'mawa la chilumbachi. mpingo matabwa inamangidwa, ndipo mu zaka zao za sikisite za m'ma chomwecho, Zosima anali kupereka diploma ya Novgorod Bishop Yona. Malinga ndi chikalatacho, tsopano chilumba, dera lozungulira ndi tsogolo la obisika anapatsidwa kumalo zosasinthika wa agulupa lapansi.

M'zaka zotsatirazi mwamtendere anatsirizika Zosima ndi Herman. Amonke ya agulupa Solovetsky zowawa mphamvu zawo malo mwapadera anakonza ngati zotsalira Savvatii, amene anamwalira mu 1435 m'mudzi wa Soroca, pafupi ndi nyanja.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu pano atayamba kale nkhosa mphatso anthu mu mphamvu ndi kutembenukira maso a wolemba mbiri. Choncho, nthano m'kamwa wa St. Herman maziko a mbiri pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa obisika Dosifeya. Pamaziko a chikalatachi mu 1503 chinali chiyambi cha buku la miyoyo ya pervonachalnikov Solovetsky.
Mu 1478, agulupa monga mphatso "analanda German kuponyera belu" imene ili lero mmodzi wa chakale kwambiri zikho Russian asilikali.

Mu 1479 Tsar Ivan Vasilievich m'khutu panokha amavomereza za kudalirika kwa zikalata umwini ndi Malumbiro timelessness ake chodandaula.

Kodi anali pa tsars Russian

A dongosolo ofanana mu White Nyanja anali lipenga khadi m'manja mwa olamulira a ku Moscow. Choyamba, mothandizidwa ndi anzawo a Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa tidies moyo zachuma derali. Lophunzira Pomerania popanda thandizo la obisika a zingakhale msanga ndi bwino.

Pachifukwa ichi, agulupa kuwonjezera thandizo n'kotheka. udindo wake wapamwamba Tingaone pa makadi pa nthawi. Si onse sankawabisira mzinda m'malo lalikulu, koma Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa pa mapu mosasintha akumufotokozera.

Woyambitsa wa agulupa mu Moscow tchalitchi anazitcha oyera mtima nawo yachifumu kupereka mphatso. Zonsezi ndi mavuto, mwatsoka.
Kuyambira cha m'ma 16, ntchito zovuta imagwera pa mapewa a anthu a m'mayiko amenewa. Kuwonjezera pa milandu zokhudza ntchito mwachizolowezi wa agulupa, ndinali kuthana ndi erection a linga la. Date ku pakati pa zaka zino woyamba nyumba mwala. kumanga onse anali kuyang'anira abbot Philippe, izo hermitage lake lili pa Big Solovetsky Island.

Mu zaka 1560-1570 agulupa akuyesedwa "mpanda wolimba kwambiri ya boma", apa chitumidwa kwa mkulu Trifon (Kologriv mu dziko), m'modzi mwa mapulani kwambiri luso ndi akatswiri ankhondo a nthawi. Zinali iye amene ankayang'anira chilengedwe ambiri a nyumba ndi malinga pachilumbachi, chojambulidwa cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi.

Monga kumudzi kumpoto cha Orthodox ndi zone kumalire ndi maiko a ku Ulaya, ndi Islands Solovetsky sikuti anakaika mdani zombo. Poyamba, zombo British anayandikira, Patapita zaka zingapo chimwemwe anayesa Swedish sitima. Onse a iwo anakanidwa.

Komanso akuluakulu a boma anayesa kugwiritsa mpanda wolimba wa agulupa kuti chathunthu. Choncho, kuchokera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, apa ayamba kuchotsa kanjedza osafunika. Motero, chilumbachi ndi pang'ono kutenga pa ntchito ya ndende.

Pawiri Solovetsky nyumba obisika oposa chikwi oponya mivi ndi mfuti. Mphamvu zoterozo anafunika kusunga, kotero lamulo lachifumu ku obisika sanatsatire utumiki ntchito ndi zopereka. Chirichonse ankafunitsitsa yekha pa pazipita ntchito yoyenda yokha. Ndiko kuti, linga uyu anali liziyenda kwa nthawi yaitali mode kuzinga mpaka thandizo akubwera. Ndipo chithandizo kupita kutali!

Komabe, mafumu ndi chiyani kuoneratu kuti adzalenga yokha vuto. Zonse zinayamba kusintha mpingo ndi kugawikana. Ambiri ansembe adakana malamulo atsopano, akusandutsa obisika Solovetsky mu phata la chikhulupiriro akale. Pambuyo pake chibatizidwireni wa zotsala za asilikali anagonjetsedwa Stenki Razina.

ankayesetsa mu January 1676 asilikali tsarist ndendeyo sanali koma atengedwa. amene ali ndi udindo utsogoleri wa kugalukira onse anaphedwa sitolo anagonjetsa, ndi ulemu ndi kudzipatula. Popeza kuti nthawi - pafupi twente - zaka makumi atatu - agulupa anagwa manyazi.

Kubwerera ku malo akale linayamba mu ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu. Ndi nthawi yomanga imeneyi ndi Gologota-Kupachikidwa skite.

synodal nthawi

Komabe, ukulu wakale ndi mphamvu lankhondo la Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa ndipo sanalandire. Kusintha kwambiri m'dziko ankalandidwa mu 1764, midzi ndi anthu wotchuka. Komanso, mosamalitsa zonse anthu chilumbachi. Ufumu sakufunanso kuthana ndi kufikako linga limene chodzaza mmonke manyazi.

Mu 1765, iye anakhala stavropegic ndipo umasamutsidwa ku subordination a sinodi, koma abbots anali akadali archimandrites.

Mu 1814 m'bwalo la Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa anamasulidwa mfuti, kudula chiwerengero cha mamembala a asilikali, ndipo tidakhala kwambiri amachotsedwa mndandanda wa forts alipo.

Komabe, anamanga m'nyengo ya khoma la New Age ikuwombedwa a Anglo-French kuzinga pa Crimea nkhondo. Zinali atsopano kuukira adani achilendo pa makoma a obisika a.

Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, agulupa kukukhala kukopa yaikulu ya chigawo cha amwendamnjira ndi. Apa pakubwera mfumu ndi anamuperekeza wake, aluso ndi akazembe. Anamanga Woyera Utatu Cathedral.
Mu 1886, pakhomo la obisika anabwera msilikali lotsiriza la asilikali a. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi pa udindo wa mzinda uliwonse sikungakhoze kukhala funso. Tidakhala anakhala mu gawo lonse la pakati wauzimu wa Russian North.

The mzaka zana makumi awiri wayamba kwa Solovki bwino. Mu lawo anali matchalitchi oposa khumi, maola makumi atatu, masukulu awiri, gulu la kwaya la obisika Solovetsky, munda botanical. Komanso, malo wa mphero asanu, ndi mphero kuposa khumi ndi zokambirana zosiyanasiyana luso.

Pa m'gawo lake ntchito zoposa chikwi chimodzi ndi mazana angapo membala ndodo ganyu ambuye. Pa chaka, agulupa wachita khamu okhulupirira kuposa zikwi khumi ndi zisanu, ndi akazi sankaloledwa mkati. Iwo ankakhala mu dela la mzinda. Pamwamba pa zonse, mu malo a obisika anali 4 yapanyanja.

M'nyengo ya Soviet

Monga analosera yekha mokondwera ndi moyo wosangalala zonse zimene ansembe. Ndalama - musati kuwerenga, ndi bins mwadzaza katundu ndi chuma. Sated, bwinobwino, osasamala.

Komabe, kutha kwa moyo wakumwamba kuika pa October kuukira boma mu 1917. Anabwera akuluakulu ananena poyera nkhondo pa mpingo ndi atumiki ake. Mu 1920, bungwe la Red Army kutsogoleredwa ndi mkungudza, anathetsa Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa, koma kulalikira munda pano msasa ntchito yokakamiza "Solovki".

"Solovki Special Cholinga Camp" - Popeza 1923, Elephant anayamba kugwira ntchito nyumba zambiri. Ilo linatseka onse amene ndale. Per mita lalikulu la mabishopu ndende anali kuposa onse mu Russia pa lalikulu.

Horror m'ndende wodzilemekeza ndi kuwomberana ndi mfuti pafupipafupi ndi kupha. Akuvutitsidwa ndi kuzunzika sanaime, masana kapena usiku. A chipatala msasa ku Gologota-Kupachikidwa obisika, kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi udindo.

Mu masiku oyambirira a kulambira analoledwa mu mpingo munthu otsala pa mabwenzi awo, amene ankagwira ntchito pa mundawo, koma 1932 mmonke chatha anali ku ukapolo ku Chile.

Cha m'ma mmasate anaphedwa pano nambala zosaneneka za anthu ambiri amene sanali mlandu.

Kuyambira 1937 mpaka 1939 kuno anakakhala mwala - ndende ya cholinga chapadera, kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi dzina lake. Ndipo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World panali chiphunzitso Corps wa Bulu la Soviet Union.

kuchira

Ntchito kubwezeretsa ya agulupa zovuta anayamba mu zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri. Mu 1974 apo linakhazikitsidwa ndi nkhokwe mbiri ndi masoka.

kukopa chidwi kwambiri ndi zachilendo anakula Anzer chilumba. Ngati motsogoleredwa ndi Mulungu mu malo akuluakulu ankaletsedwa m'mbuyo, pali chozizwitsa. Kuyang'anitsitsa pa chithunzi, ndi Solovetsky obisika - yekha amene akhoza kudzitama umenewu birch.

Ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union nakhalanso anthu kumene kumakhala Amonke ndi m'mahema. October 25, 1990 inali yololedwa analengeza kubwezeretsa Zosimo-Savvatiy Solovetsky obisika Stauropegial. Loyamba anakhala wansembe anam'patsa mayina malinga maere. Tsopano wasanduka miyambo yofunika.

Mu 1992, mbiri ndi mapulani chipilala ali m'gulu la UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Sikumatha ntchito yokonzanso ndi kumanga mitanda chamadzulo pa nthaka yopweteka kwambiri. ofera ambiri Union oyambirira Soviet anali canonized.

Mu 2001, kholo la onse Russia Alexy II panokha opatulidwira agulupa Solovetsky.
Momwe iye, tsopano kuganizira amwendamnjira ambiri, chifukwa namolennoe kupyolera mu kuzunzika, ndi malo ali ndi mphamvu zosaneneka.

Kuti mudziwe: kupita kuzilumba kungakhale mwina madzi kapena mu mlengalenga. Pali maulendo awiri chachikulu ntchito ndi anthu a, wogonera, alendo - mu Arkhangelsk ndi Kem kupyolera (yotsirizira lokha pa navigation).

Agulupa m'munsi mu Moscow

Chachiwiri dzina n'kupeza obisika - Mpingo wa St. George WACHIGONJETSO m'chigwa. Malowa ali pamtunda kuseri kwa Moscow Mtsinje. malowa amatchedwa wotsika wamaluwa.
Mpingo woyamba ndi mtengo anakhazikitsidwa pano mu nthawi ya Ioanna Vasilevicha Groznogo. Koma pa pempho wa mabishopu Elassonskogo, amene anafika limodzi ndi akazembe kukhoti mu 1588, mpingo mwala inamangidwa pamalo ake.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, monga mwa mipingo ambiri mu ndende analengedwa kuti "troublemakers."

kachisi anakula ndi nthawi. Kwa zaka, kuyambira cha m'ma 17, panali akachisi aŵiri angagwirizanitse - m'dzina la Namwali Mariya ndi Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

Komabe, chifukwa muzithera proleganiya pansi pansi belu, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu anakomoka, nagwa refectory lapansi. Pafupifupi theka zaka, amonke kuchita popanda maofesi awa awiri, pamene mmodzi wa atsogoleri a chipembedzowo sanali kanalalikira kuika belu nsanja.

Linamangidwa pa malo olimba, kotero m'bwalo la Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa mu Moscow anali mtunda pang'ono kuchokera turret lapansi.

Khonde, amene lero ukugwirira ntchito obisika, ndipo inamangidwa mu 1836.
Mu 1908 tchalitchi kamodzinso anapulumuka ngoziyo. Chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa mtsinje anali anasefukira chapansi, makoma ming'alu anapanga.

Zojambulazo, amene anayamba kutha, anabwezeretsedwa patapita zaka ziwiri.
Komanso, khalidwe la kachisi zinali chipatala, sukulu ndi odwalayo kwa asilikali kale.
mpingo opareshoni mpaka 1935 ndipo m'zaka la Soviet Union, pali luso bungwe.

Zimachitika masiku ano

Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa mu Moscow lero nakhalanso pansi agulupa yaikulu ya agulupa pa White Sea. Kuchira chinachitika mu 1992.

Makamaka ntchito yake zokhudza thandizo ndi kukonza ya agulupa pa chilumba. Mu 1990s oyambirira panali pokonzekera utumiki mogwirizana ndi kulanda zotsalira za oyera mtima kuti Solovki. maofesi Komanso anabwezeretsedwa, anaika mu dongosolo.

zaka khumi pambuyo anapeza zake liyeretsedwe mu zipinda zonse, anamanga Kulambira mtanda, meters khumi mkulu.

Mu 2003 mwambo mwambo waukulu wa chikumbutso 350th wa kubadwa kwa Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Wodalitsika Virgin Mary, amene anapereka maziko a chitukuko wotsatira wa kachisi.

Ndipo pa Isitala 2006, inali kuperekedwa kwa poyera novosdelanny iconostasis mu tiers asanu.

Kachisi chachikulu ndicho chizindikiro cha ogwira ntchito Solovetsky chozizwitsa ndi zotsalira za. Aliyense utumiki korona ndi pempho kwa iye, ndipo mpingo ntchito kwa fano.
Komanso, pali yosindikiza nyumba, chinkhoswe mu amasulidwe "Solovki Mtumiki", mapositi khadi ndi zipangizo zina zimene zimasindikizidwa yosangalala Khirisimasi ndi masiku ena akuluakulu woyera. Kalendala, munali photos, Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa akupanga wokongola kwambiri ndi choyambirira.

moyo parishi

Chifukwa cha ntchito ya Moscow agulupa ya maphunziro ndi maphunziro a chipembedzowo wamng'ono. Pa gawo pali Sande sukulu, ana amaphunzira kuchokera zaka 6 mpaka 13. Calendar kuphunzira dongosolo limachokera malinga ndi malamulo a Christian ndi osungidwa maholide onse achipembedzo.
Makolo okha kukonza chakudya ophunzira.

Komanso ntchito fotokruzhok, izo amagwirizana ndi Moscow filimu sukulu.
Komanso, mu 2011, anakonza kuyenda basi maulendo a Moscow zowoneka. Mmodzi wa maulendo Mwachitsanzo - Ivan m'khutu, ndi St Philip.

Maulendo chichitike m'bwalo wapafupi mu Faustovo ndi Kolomenskoye. maulendo onse oyeretsedwa zokhudzana ndi mbiri ndi ntchito kwa obisika a. Komanso, pakapita miyezi, otsatira kunyamula amwendamnjira ku zilumba Solovetsky.

Cholinga cha maulendo amenewa osati maphunziro, komanso mwauzimu. Pambuyo ulendo, aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi kufunsa mtumiki mafunso onse. Iye kuwayankha, kapena, kapena kuitana kwa chochitika.

Kulambira umachitika tsiku ndi mapemphero - kangapo pa mlungu. Ndipo mu Lenti, Lachinayi, pali kwambiri unction.