Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de A Tolly: mwachidule mbiri, masiku kiyi ndi zochitika m'moyo wake

Mpaka pano, pali mtsutso za malo enieni ndi nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Mihaila Barklaya de A Tolly. Ichi ndi chifukwa chosowa magwero, okhudza nthawi yoyambirira ya moyo wa mtsogoleri kwambiri usilikali.

magwero

Malinga ndi mbiri boma, lomwe limapezeka mu mabuku ambiri ndi mabuku, Mikhail Bogdanovich anabadwa December 16, 1761. Izo zinachitika kakang'ono Chilituyaniya Manor Pamushise. Kudera limeneli a Duchy wa Courland, amene anali podvassalnym mwachibale kwa Commonwealth. Mu 1795, m'dera la Lithuania, pamodzi ndi malo anakhala gawo la Russia, malinga ndi kugawa lachitatu la Poland.

Koma kale kuti, bambo ake anatenga mwanayo kuti abereke ana ku St. Petersburg. Barclay de A Tolly, ndi mtundu umene angathe kutanthauziridwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana, anali mizu Norman-German. makolo ake anasamukira ku Riga kwa Germany. Agogo Michael anali ngakhale mfumu ya mzinda uno. bambo wake ankagwira ntchito mu mkulu tsogolo la asilikali Russian, ndipo anapuma ndi udindo wa mkulu ndipo analandira udindo otchuka. Banja la dzina la mnyamatayo anali pa kalembedwe German - Michael Andersen.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yake yausilikali

Barclay de A Tolly, ndi dziko limene sanaletse iye chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo likulu Russian, maphunziro kwambiri ndipo anadziwa kumva ziyankhulo zingapo za ku Ulaya. Kuyambira ali mwana anali ndi chidwi chiphunzitso asilikali. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa mwanayo analeredwa m'nyumba ya bambo akewo - msilikali Novotroitsk cuirassier Regiment.

Mu 1776, a Regiment anatenga Pskov Carabinier chiwerengero cha ana latsopano. Pakati pawo panali mnyamata ndi Barclay de A Tolly. Mwachidule yonena limati Kukwezeleza ntchito mnyamatayo ali patsogolo mofulumira. Mu Finland Jaeger nkhani mkulu chatsopanochi anakhala msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja ambiri Viktora Amadeya Anhalt-Bernburgskogo. Zinali wachibale wa Mfumukazi Catherine II.

Mu 1787 kunabuka nkhondo pafupi ndi Ottoman, omwe anali nawo Barclay de A Tolly. Mwachidule yonena za iye ali m'gulu zokhudza kumenya Ochakov, komwe msilikali nawo nkhondo yeniyeni idawumitsidwa. Kuchita izo M. B. Barklay de A Tolly anali kupereka mendulo chake choyamba.

Mu 1789, Major nawo nkhondo kupanikizidwa ndi Turkey. Pa nthawi yomweyo Kalonga wa Anhalt-Bernubrgskogo pamodzi ndi wachiŵiri wake unasamutsidwa khamu la Finland. Izo kale kumenyana asilikali a Sweden (nkhondo ya 1788-1790.). Mu umodzi wa kuwononga Victor Amadeus n'kufa, kenako M. B. Barklay de A Tolly iye anasamutsidwa kuti likulu.

Kenako mu 1791, wapolisiyo anakwatira msuweni wake Helen. Mu mabanja awo anali ndi ana angapo, koma mwana mmodzi yekha sanafe kutangoyamba (Ernst).

Service pansi Alexander I

Barclay de A Tolly, kanthawi yonena amene amasimba za kuwoloka ambiri, anapitiriza mokhulupirika asilikali Russian. Mu zaka 90 za m'ma 18, iye anali nawo yimitsira a kugalukira Polish kutsogoleredwa ndi Kosciuszko. Kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wa Paulo Ine, anakhala Major General.

Panthawi imeneyi anayamba Napoleonic Nkhondo. Achinyamata Mfumu Alexander I anatenga wina Mgwirizano odana ndi French. Kampeni 1805 anapeza Mikhail Bogdanovich Army Gen. Leonty Bennigsen. mapangidwe sikuti anali ndi nthawi kupulumutsa a mbali yaikulu ya Austerlitz Kutuzov. Choncho, Mikhail Barclay de A Tolly anabwerera ku Russia, ndi wosapenya linagonja wa makamu anagwirizana.

Kulephera sanali kuswa chilakolako cha Alexander kukunda Napoleon. Chaka anayamba nkhondo la Coalition wachinayi, pamene Prussia anaukira France, koma mapeto anagwa Berlin. Mbali Russian wa chimaposa anapita ku Germany.

Mu February 1807, Barclay de A Tolly nawo Nkhondo ya Eylau. Iye, pamodzi ndi Bagration anatsogolera asilikali a asilikali Russian, kumene dontho amadza Corps wa Soult ndi Murat. Mikhail Bogdanovich anavulazidwa mu mwendo, ndiyeno anapita kwa chithandizo Memel.

Apa mu April chaka chomwecho, anakumana ndi Alexander, amene pa nthawi anali kuyesera kuti afewetse kugonjetsedwa zamtendere wa Napoleon. wapolisiyo anali woyamba akufuna mfumuyo kuti ntchito anapsa mfundo lapansi. Pamene mdani kudulidwa kwa KUKHULUPIRIRA yakeyake chakudya komanso chuma. Pankhaniyi, mdani anali ntchito pa dera la agwidwa ndi wopanda zomangamanga. Mwamwayi m'tsogolo, ndi njira imeneyi anapereka zotsatira mu nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812.

The nkhondo Chifinishi

Malinga ndi Pangano la Tilsit, Russia ndi France anagawa Europe m'zigawo pamudzipo. Zimenezi zinathandiza Alexander kutumiza asilikali kuti Finland kuti kusankha izo kwa Sweden. Barclay de A Tolly, kanthawi yonena zimene zinaphatikizapo yokopa ambiri kale yatumizidwa kwa Kupio. thupi lake anatenga mzinda ndi unachitikira malo ofunika ngakhale sokonezedwe angapo mdani.

Pambuyo pake, kapitawo ndi WASSC thupi lake pa ayezi wa Khwalala ya quarks natenga chitetezo Swedish Umea. Izi linatsimikizidwa ndi chigonjetso chomaliza cha Russia.

Zakugonjetsa ake, Barclay de A Tolly anali woyamba Bwanamkubwa-General wa Finland, ndipo pambuyo mtumiki nkhondo. nyamuka wake mofulumira sindimakonda nsanje, amene ankangoona odana upstart. Makamaka Michael anali mizu German kuti sanapite mu mtima wake m'tsogolo.

Nkhondo ya 1812

Pamene Napoleon litalanda Russia mu 1812, Mikhail Bogdanovich analamula Choyamba Western Army. Iye ankayenera kuti abwerere, kuti mdani mu dziko, pamene iye akanakhala wofooka ndi asakhalenso kwawo. Mu Smolensk, iye teamed ndi asilikali a Bagration, amene anayamba kumnenera Barclay de A Tolly kulephera kutsogolera asilikali.

Motero, lamulo chonse amene anaperekedwa Mihailu Kutuzovu. Nkhondo ya Borodino kapitawo anatsogolera asilikali bwino-phiko. Pamene tsoka la likulu, Barclay de A Tolly anali m'gulu la anthu amene anavota kusiya Moscow.

Pamene panali mavuto, ndi asilikali Russian anapita kauntala-kuukira, mkulu analandira tchuthi, kuphatikizapo chifukwa chakuti mu Zima Palace, ambiri mwa anzake chosalungama kudzudzulidwa "German".

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Pambuyo World nkhondo Barclay de A Tolly anatenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yachilendo. Iye anali mu nkhondo zambiri, kuphatikizapo mu "Battle of Nations" pafupi Leipzig. Bwino ndi utumiki wokhulupirika anakhala Werengerani ndi Field kulamulira.

Mu 1818, nkhani yathu ngwazi kuti achoke madzi mchere German kuchiritsa. Koma sindinathe nthawi angakwanitsire cholinga, ndipo anafa pa njira East Prussia, 14 (26) a May. Field polimbana anaikidwa ulemu wonse, ndi phulusa lake kuikidwa pa malo banja mu Baltic States. The chipilala oyamba Barclay de A Tolly anaonekera mwamsanga 1823. Likuvutika wamasiye wake anali kumanga mausoleum, amene anali anagonjetsa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.