Sforza lanu (Milan)

Mu mzinda wa ku Italy wa Milan ndi Sforza Castle, amene modabwitsa yaitali mbiri zogwirizana ndi zokwera ndi zotsika, chiwonongeko ndi kumanganso nyumba. Chifukwa cha khama lokonza Italy ndi mapulani lero aliyense amene akufuna kukhala mwayi woti aone nsanja akale ndi makoma, ndi kuyenda kudutsa mnyumba ya m'linga.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Monga ena ambiri zipilala, Castello Sforzesco, monga iwo ukutchedwa Castle Italy, kuima nyumba m'malo wakale. Woyambirira mpanda inamangidwa pano m'zaka XIV ya Visconti banja, amene anakwanitsa kwa nthawi yaitali kutenga mphamvu mu Milan mu manja awo, ndipo kenako muligonjetse ambiri a m'midzi yozungulira.

Wa Gian Galeatstso Ine Viskonti anatha osati kukuza kukopa kwake m'mizinda chapakati Italy, Siena ndi Pisa, komanso kugula okha nyumba zawo dukedom. ana ake sanathe kulumikiza Duchy wa Milan m'mayiko ena. Chifukwa cha nkhondo zambiri ndi Venice kumayambiriro XV m'ma Milan, mzinda boma, wataya zambiri madera anagonjetsa.

Atamwalira mu 1447 wotsiriza wa banja Visconti - Duke Filippo Maria - okhala wopanduka wa mzindawo atalengeza Ambrosian Republic ndipo ankaiphwasula Nyumbayi anamuda olamulira.

magawo a zomangamanga

Koma pano pali ntchito zina Republic uyu anali wokongola zoipa, ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya usilikali Avenetia Milan anataya mbali yaikulu ya m'gawo lake. Mumzindawo anayamba kuyang'ana kwa mtsogoleri wamphamvu ndipo anapempha asilikali aganyu Francesco Sforza, poyamba ankatumikira Visconti anakwatiwa mu banja ili. Mu 1450, ku Milan seneti anam'patsa dukedom. Mu chaka chomwecho, Francesco Sforza anayamba kumanga nyumba yachifumu ku Milan, amene ali woyengeka ndi wapamwamba ducal zogona, komanso wamphamvu dongosolo kumbuyo. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo tinaitanidwa ndi mapulani amenewa wotchuka pa nthawi ngati Antonio Filarete, Bartolomeo Gadio, Marcoleone da Nogarolo, Jacopo da Cortona ndi ena ambiri. Motsogoleredwa woyamba anali kumanga nsanja chapakati, koma kumangira chachikulu makoma kumbuyo ndi ngodya nsanja anayi kumbuyo anaika Bartolomeo Gadio.

Mu 1446 Francesco Sforza anamwalira, ndipo amalamulira Milan anakhala mwana wake wamkulu - Galeazzo Maria (Galeazzo Maria Sforza). Pamene Sforza Castle akupitiriza kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito yomanga latsopano Duke wa Milan analemba mapulani ndi amisiri ku Florence. Pambuyo pa kupha wa Galeazzo mu 1467 mkazi wake, udindo winanso wa Savoy, kuyesera kuti adziteteze, akumanga nsanja mkulu kwa nthawi udindo winanso - Torre di udindo winanso mu Rochetta - gawo otetezeka kwambiri mnyumba ya m'linga.

Nthawi ya Nkhondo Chitaliyana

Amene anayamba kulamulira mu 1494, Ludovico Maria Sforza akupitiriza kumanganso Sforza Castle mu Milan, ndipo anatiuza kuti olamulira bwino Italy - Bramante, amene anakhala wachilembo cha mbali zambiri mapulani ndi kukongoletsa, ndipo Leonardo da Vinci ntchito pa malinga ndi kulenga mndandanda wa frescoes.

Mu 1500, pamene wina wa ku Italy Nkhondo pakati pa Ufumu France, Mfumu Louis XII asilikali analowa Milan, ndipo analanda Lodoviko Sfortsa. Anamutengera France, kumene anakafa.

Akuluakulu kuwonongeka kwa Sforza Castle anali mu 1521, pamene chapakati nsanja Filarete ntchito pa nthawi ngati zida zofikira, anagwidwa ndi mphezi.

nthawi Spanish

The Spain, omwe ankakhulupirira Milan mu zaka za m'ma XVI, kwambiri akweza Nyumbayi. Iwo anamanga mpanda wakale malinga latsopano masiku ano mawonekedwe a nyenyezi zisanu ndi zisonga ndi malo pafupifupi 26 mahekitala. City kazembe anasamukira ku Royal Palace ndi ili mu chinyumba asilikali. Pambuyo linagonja wa asilikali a Mfumu Francis Ine pa Pavia, chifukwa cha thandizo la Mfumu ndi Spanish Mfumu Carlos V, ndi Sforza banja anabwerera ku mphamvu. Duke Milan amakhala Francesco II.

ulamuliro Austria

Atamwalira mu 1534 wa Francesco Maria Sforza II, ndi Austria Ufumu wa banja lolamulira la Habsburg linalanda Duchy wa Milan ndipo anapereka kasamalidwe wa kazembe. Mu ulamuliro wa Austrians Sforza Castle anali ntchito ngati zida ndi malo a asilikali. Mbali ya makhazikitsidwe ku dera wake wobwezeretsedwa kapena kumanganso. The noticeable kwambiri patatha banja lolamulira la Habsburg ndi fano la Yana Nepomutskogo, anaika pa bridgehead lapansi.

nthawi Napoleonic

Pambuyo Napoleon Bonaparte litalanda mu 1796 ku Italy, Austria, inachita pangano mtendere Campo-Formio, Ine anali kupereka Lombardy. Bonaparte anasankha mzinda Milan okhala kwa zaka zisanu yaitali, kuyambira 1796 mpaka 1801-TH. Ngakhale mapemphero a nzika anafuna kwathunthu kuwononga chinyumba, Napoleon anamulamula kuti unachitikira ku ntchito ya kukonzanso. Kugonjetsedwa a asilikali French mu 1814, Milan ndi likulu la limati zosiyanasiyana analengedwa ndi Napoleon ku Italy.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za msonkhano poto-European ku Vienna mzindawu anasamukira ku chuma Austria ndipo anakhala pakati pa Ufumu yatsopano Lombardy-Venetia. Mu 1848, pamene masiku asanu a Milan, pamene opandukawo anamenyera ufulu kwa Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo Austria, Sforza Castle Cannon kumenya mu Milan. Kugalukira anali kuletsedwa, ndi onse a anthu ake anamangidwa ndipo m'ndende ku maselo m'ndende.

Mu 1859, a Austrians anachoka Lombardy, ndi anthu am'deralo ndi akugwidwa ndi anagonjetsa chinyumba, pambuyo linasiyidwa.

mbiri ya makono

Anthu ambiri okhala Milan mu m'ma XIX akufuna kuwononga kulinga ku Italy, kufufuta izo pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi, ndi kumanga mu malo ake zinthu zothandiza kwambiri, ngati malo osankhika zogona. Mwamwayi, linga adaganiza kuti kupasula, koma m'malo mwake, kubwezeretsa. Ndi kubwezeretsa kwa chinyumba inayamba mu 1893 wazomangamanga Luca Beltrami, amene ankafuna recreate maonekedwe mbiri ya nyumba nthawi Sforza ulamuliro. Mu 1905, wobwezeretsedwa nsanja Filarete linali lotsegula, ndipo pa mbali ina ya m'linga anayambitsa Sempione Park.

Pa bomba ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anakhudzidwa zipilala ambiri, kuphatikizapo Castello Sforzesco, makamaka Rochetta. Pakutha 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, chinyumba linakhalanso ndi kutsegula kwa anthu.

Kusintha komaliza mu maonekedwe a linga la anali kasupe wamkulu m'dera mkati linkadziwika Milanese "ukwati mkate" ndipo anamanga m'malo akale, anagwetsa pomanga yapansi panthaka 60-ntchentche wa XX atumwi.

zomangamanga

Modern Sforza Castle - ndi lalikulu woboola pakati dongosolo pakati pa ndilo dera delle Armi. Wazunguliridwa ndi mipanda yolimba ndi chipata chachikulu anamanga mu mawonekedwe a Mipikisano storey lalikulu nsanja - Filaret, amene anali ngati zinachitika pa nthawi ya Spasskaya Tower mu Moscow Kremlin. Kumanja ndi kumanzere ndiye muli okhota wozungulira nsanja - di Santo Spirito ndi DEI Carmini.

Kudutsa pachipata waukulu nsanja ya Filarete, ife tikufika ku Piazza delle Armi, ndipo ife tikhoza kuwona nsanja, ili pa malo a pachipata Porta Giovia. Kuti ufulu wake ndi ducal zipinda, ndi lamanzere - mbali yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba ya m'linga - Rochetta. Iwo ali khonde ang'ono, ndi awiri nsanja m'malo wamtali: Torre castellana (Castle) ndi nsanja ya udindo winanso wa Savoy. Pa pansi ndi zakuya Torre castellana, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona murals kupulumuka Bramantino.

Mkati mwa nyumba ducal allocated apakati yaing'ono atazungulira pakhonde panali munthu masiku ano amadziwika kuti "Kukhonde njovu» (pakhonde panali dell'Elefante), dzina lake chifukwa chakuti frescoes wa nyama.

Nyumbayi owonetsera zakale

Kufika mu Milan akale, zikhomo pa mapu, zomwe tikufuna kukaona, mungathe kufufuza kalekale.

Koma m'pofunika kusankha kwa Sforza Castle: ndi chipilala mbiri, komanso malo osungirako zinthu zakale ambiri ankaganiza. Pakati pawo - luso gallery, Museum of Ancient Art, chopereka zoimbira, magulu zopeta akale ndi ambiri zisudzo ena. Free atatuluka ku linga, mukhoza kugula tikiti limodzi kukaona zakale zonse, kapena payekhapayekha aliyense chidwi padzuwa.