Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve. Yaroslavl State zakale-mapulani ndi Art Museum-Reserve

Chimakopa apaulendo ambiri lero Yaroslavl. Kukawona, za amene angapezeke mu kabuku aliyense alendo zimasangalatsa alendo diso ndi anthu am'deralo ofanana. Pa mmodzi wa iwo tidzakambirana lero.

Apaulendo kuonera madera Yaroslavl, sungakhoze basi kuthandizira koma zindikirani Chiwalitsiro Cathedral, ili mu mkatikati mwa mzindawo.

Ndipo iwo ndi zina amadabwa kuti nyumbayi sikuli kwa mpingo ndi m'nyumbayi. Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve - mmodzi wa mabungwe zofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe mu mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Komanso ndi yofunika alendo kopita. Iwo anapita chaka pafupifupi 600 zikwi. Man. The anenedwanso cha nyumbayi ichi, poyamba, si kophweka: "Yaroslavl State zakale-mapulani ndi Art Museum-Reserve."

kufotokoza mwa chidule

Tsambali chikhalidwe kuyambira 1959 lili mkatikati mwa mzindawo, mu chipinda kale kulamulidwa ndi Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro ansembe yotchedwa, amene linathetsedwa mu 1787. Mbiri wolemera mipukutu ndi mafano, ziwiya mpingo ndi nsalu zamtengo wapatali, komanso ntchito za luso lakalekale wokwatibwa ndi nyumbayi. Pa m'gawo lake nyumba a zaka za m'ma 16 ndipo wotsalayo wamkulu mu zovuta ndi. Ndi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral. M'nyumbayi mulinso mipingo 6 kuti ndi zipilala zofunika zaluso ndi zomangamanga kwa zaka za m'ma 17.

History owonetsera zakale

Mu 1865, 12 (25) January, linatsegulidwa ndi Society, analenga kuphunzira zachilengedwe zinachitika a m'chigawo (dzina wodzala chifukwa wake sadzatero), m'nyumbayi choyamba. tate wake anali Petrovskiy Andrey Stanislavovich, katswiri wa mbiri achilengedwe. Society mu 1901 anadzatchedwa mu mbiri achilengedwe, ndi lalikulu entomological zosonkhanitsira unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake. Natural History Museum ndi m'zaka za m'ma 20, wina wa zinthu zakale waukulu mu Russia ili m'chigawo.

Mu 1895 inasintha Drevnehranilische. Zinali kowonera zakale mbiri, amene ntchito - ndi chitetezo ndiponso kuphunzira cholowa chikhalidwe ndi mbiri ya deralo. deta yake inkakhala 100 zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mu 1895, ndipo mu 1914 chinawonjezeka kale kuti zinthu 12 chikwi.

Mu 1924, a zakale awiri pamodzi ndipo anapanga Yaroslavl State Museum Regional. Anaumba Drevlekhranilishche (Historical ndi Archaeological Museum), m'nyumbayi wa luso lakalekale (anatsegula mu December 1919, luso zomera), zachilengedwe mbiri owonetsera zakale ndi laibulale kafukufuku m'gulu kapangidwe kake. Iye anayamba kugonjera mu 1928 Gubernsky kasamalidwe owonetsera zakale.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, zinachitika m'zaka za m'ma 20, masinthidwe ambiri kuti chinthu chikhalidwe amamuonera udindo wa m'dera limeneli.

Chiwalitsiro ansembe yotchedwa

Mu wapadera gulu loyimba kamangidwe, lomwe kale ena obisika, inali yaikulu owonetsera zakale chionetsero cha chidwi. Imodzi yabwino zipilala kamangidwe ka dziko lathu ndi Spaso-Preobrazhensky ansembe yotchedwa, anamanga mu 1516.

Iye analamula kuti ntchito yomanga Basil III, chachikulu kalonga. Ntchito ikuchitika ku Moscow zigawenga kutsogozedwa ndi mbuye Italy. Iye anali mmodzi amene ankamangidwanso panthawi Moscow Kremlin. Ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo murals a kachisi. Iwo anawatengera pa 1563 1564. Ndi mmodzi wa ziwiri zomwe zilipo gulu loyimba wa kupenta aakulu ankanena za nthawi imeneyi, ndi imodzi yokha ndi Attribution zonse (ife kudziwa mayina a tsiku ojambula zithunzi zojambula). Inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a khoma lolimba m'zaka za m'ma 16 mmunsi mwa belfry amapereka lingaliro za mtundu wa nyumba zokhudzana zomangamanga a Ancient Lazaro. Anamaliza m'zaka za m'ma 19, kumtunda ali nsanja kuonera, yekhayo ya mtundu umenewu mu Yaroslavl. Iwo amalola kuti tione mbali kutetezedwa wa mzinda, amene anali m'gulu mndandanda UNESCO wa zinthu za padziko lonse kufunika chikhalidwe.

Refectory ndi zipilala ena a m'dera limeneli

Kufanizira ndi 1516 Refectory linamangidwa pa chitsanzo ili mu Moscow Kremlin Palace ya Mbali. The zipilala za m'ma 16, monga Woyera Chipata mpanda wolimba nsanja gulu loyimba (Choyamba), khomo lalikulu ansembe, gawo la chitetezo cha gulu loyimba lapansi. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 17 akunena Uglich Tower, amene ali kuyenda Chipilala chachikulu pansi (kuti atumikira ndimeyi ku Uglich kuti Yaroslavsky Posad), komanso Amayi a Mulungu nsanja chapansi lalikulu, limene mwina anayamba mu Middle Ages underpass.

5 kukwapula zipilala za m'ma 17, ali kunyadira Yaroslavl, ndi mbali ya malo ichi. Iwo pofotokoza zosiyanasiyana mu chitukuko cha Yaroslavl murals sukulu ndi kachisi zomangamanga. Awa ndi mpingo monga Nikola Nadeina zokhudza 1622 (murals anali ikuchitika 1640, Angelezi), kuti Kubadwa kwa Yesu, anamanga mu 1644 (mu 1682 zinalengedwa murals), Eliya mneneri (chaka cha zomangamanga - 1650 TH), Ioanna Predtechi, anapereka chithunzi pansipa (chaka cha zomangamanga - 1687 TH, murals anapanga 1696 ndi 1700 ankalemekeza) ndipo Epiphany (a murals a 1693, komanso nyumba yokha).

Tiyeni tiyankhule za zopereka ndi okhazikika, amene amapereka alendo Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve.

lokongola

Pambuyo kuyendera chionetserochi, mudzaona zimene chilungamo Zinali zaka zambiri zapitazo, ndipo adzakhala nawo mwachindunji ntchito yosangalatsayi. Inu mukhoza kupita monga wogula ndi, wogulitsa, barkers, komanso ophunzira ena a chilungamo. adzakhala zina mwa zinthu mmanja mwanu. Geary ndi steelyards chidole "namwino" ndi "utoto malowolo", mitsuko ya vinyo ndi korenushki, komanso rarities zina zambiri Tingaone mu chionetserochi.

Mwina Aliyense amene anamva kapena anafika chilungamo pa izo (ndipo lero iwo amagwira). N'zochititsa chidwi ndi zimene mtima ndi malingaliro zachititsa ndi mawu akuti "chilungamo" kwa inu? Kumene, ndi kulira, phokoso ndi kuseka. "The kukuwa", ndi njira - mfundo katswiri. Choncho amalonda ndi hawkers otchedwa mawu amene kugulitsa katundu. Kodi mukudziwa pamene anthu oyamba anayamba kugula ndi kugulitsa, ndipo kodi mankhwala ankazionetsa nthawi akale aja kugulitsa? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi ambiri mafunso ena udzapeza mwa kuchezera chionetsero limene tikuuzeni pafupi ndi miyambo ya m'mizinda Russian monga Yaroslavl. Reviews zikutanthauza kuti kudzakhala chidwi ana ndi akulu omwe.

"The ukulu, County, m'chigawo"

Ichi ndi chionetsero china chidwi kuti anayambitsanso alendo Mbiri chikhalidwe, chuma ndi ndale ya dera mu nthawi ya ku 16 kuti zaka 19. Zipinda atatu anapereka yachitika mu mbiri za nthawi imeneyi. Mudzaphunzila mmene kuyang'ana pa nthawi madera osiyanasiyana Yaroslavl, kuposa chinalembedwa mu dera Yaroslavl nthawi ya ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo, nthawi zotsatira mavuto ndi "Golden Age" wa mzindawo (Mphindi 17), pa maziko a dziko lake, komanso za amene anakhala kazembe woyamba.

chionetserochi akupereka mabuku ndipo pamanja mabuku choyambirira zaka 17-19, asilikali onyamula zida ena ndi Russian zonse Russian zithunzi za oyera mtima ndi akalonga a Yaroslavl, zitsanzo za amisiri azitsulo luso ndi siliva Jewelers ndi katundu wa m'nyumba, amene anali nzika ya mzinda wakale monga Yaroslavl. Reviews ochezera chionetserocho okha amene - pali chinachake kuwona.

Alendo ena kuposa pamwamba, onani-mamba ndalama zimene zinali kupangidwa mu mzinda womwewu awo mmenemo asilikali Minin ndi Pozharsky (ie mu 1612), pamene miyezi 4 Yaroslavl unakhala likulu zosakhalitsa dziko lonse; wapadera Swedish ndalama chipembedzo-mbale 8 talers miyeso 16 makilogalamu (limatanthauza 1659 chaka); komanso mphunzitsi wamkulu, amene anapanga mabwana French cha m'ma 18. ophimba kamodzi anali Melgunov Alexei Petrovich, woyamba Bwanamkubwa-General wa Yaroslavl.

Malaya a manja, mapulani, maps of Yaroslavl, watercolors, zojambula, zithunzi mapulani ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zina momveka bwino zikusonyeza zokhudza chikhalidwe, ndale mbiri ya chigawo mpaka m'ma 19.

"Ikani"

Zikondwerero kutsegula kwa chipilala wapadera uli Musin-Pushkin. Komabe, mbiri ya anapeza ake akhala chinsinsi lero. Baibulo loyambirira la "Mau" anaonekera mu chaka cha 1800, ndi zaka 12 pambuyo pake, pamanja imene akusungidwa bwino, mu nyumba ya Musin-Pushkin, natenthedwa ndi moto wokhawokha likulu pa nthawi ya mthunzi Napoleon a.

"Mawu" mu Yaroslavl anabwerera kachiwiri. M'nyumbayi pabwalo mu 1985. chionetsero The linatsegulidwa, chimodzi chokha cha mtundu umenewu ku Russia. Manor Ilovna - malo maziko anaikidwa zosonkhanitsira Musin-Pushkin. Lero, kokha kuyendera Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve, mukhoza kuona mipando, zosemasema, mabuku, ndi kulingalira zomwe izi chuma anali mu masiku amenewo. Documents, makalata memorabilia, komanso magazini poyamba, yemwe ali osungira nyama, aliyense mwayi kuona mphamvu ya umwini pa mbiri ya atulukira mpukutu wa, tsoka movutika, kubadwa kwatsopano, ndipo, ndithudi, kusafa.

"Zizindikiro za Yaroslavl wa zaka 16-18th"

Izi wina chidwi okhazikika chionetsero. Chionetsero cha zithunzi ndi Insaikulopediya weniweni wa luso Russian wa zaka 16-18. Wapadera ndi yaikulu mafano, monga Deesis gawo, "Chiwalitsiro", Theotokos, analenga anali Yaroslavl ndi Moscow ambuye. Iwo anapangidwa mu theka 2 zaka zana la 16. Za m'ma 17, ngati inu angakumbukire, ichi "Golden Age" wa Yaroslavl. Pa nthawi iyi, apo akhala zithunzi -. Ioanna Zlatousta Mneneri Eliya, Ioanna Predtechi, ndi ena Masiku Ano Art akupereka chithunzi cha Yohane Woyera Wankhondo Martyr George, Arhangela Mihaila. Iwo kuphatikiza zinthu za kalembedwe Baroque ndi miyambo ya Yaroslavl chizindikiro kupenta. Zonsezi mukhoza kuona mwa kuchezera Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve.

Other kukhudzana zonse

zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zina okhazikika monga chionetsero yakuti "Hexapoda ambuye wa dziko lathuli", kuwauza za dragonflies, agulugufe, ziwala, kafadala, njuchi, ndi nthumwi zina za dziko tizilombo. "Chuma cha Yaroslavl" - ali mbali yofunika kwambiri yosonkhanitsa owonetsera zakale. chionetserochi akupereka mankhwala ambuye wa akale Novgorod, Moscow, Yaroslavl, komanso jewelers nthawi yathu. Mudzaona chuma sacristies la mipingo ndi mchitidwe umenewu wa Yaroslavl, zopereka amalonda olemera, olemekezeka m'dera ndi mafumu. Chionetsero lotsiriza la okhazikika - "The Nature wa dera Yaroslavl." dipatimenti ya chikhalidwe anapereka mu izi owonetsera zakale wapoyera, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1865. Ndiyamika luso Kuznetsova, zachilengedwe, taxidermist, owonetsera zakale curator, ziboliboli ndi zojambulajambula, chionetserocho amamuonera tione ano. Dipatimenti ya Nature mu 1976, anali kupereka dzina lake. kukhudzana Izi ukufanizidwa ndi pazipita chidzalo zinyama lonse Yaroslavl dera. Mudzapeza nyama amene amakhala kalelo, ndi zinyama ano. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1992 m'nyumbayi anasamukira Nyamuliranani Masha (chimbalangondo amadziwika kukhala chizindikiro cha Yaroslavl). Pansipa pali mbendera Yaroslavl dera.

nthambi owonetsera zakale

owonetsera zakale izi ali nthambi 3: Chikumbutso House Museum Sobinova owonetsera zakale "Cosmos" ndi Museum ya usilikali Ulemerero. Tiyeni tinene mawu ochepa za "Space" ili m'mudzi wa Nikulskoe.

"Space" Museum

Iwo ali odzipereka kwa Valentina Tereshkova. owonetsera zakale izi chinamasulidwa mu 1975 ndipo imakhala nyumba awiri, amene amaphatikizidwa mu zovuta limodzi. Chikumbukiro gawo - m'mphawi kanyumba, amene wabwezeretsedwa ndi mafotokozedwe a Tereshkova kwambiri komanso achibale ake. Inali ku mudzi dzina Zambiri Maslennikovo ili 1.5 Km from Nikulskoe, nyumba makolo ake sipezeka, kotero inamangidwa pafamu kukakhala pa chitsanzo cha mayi kanyumba Tereshkova bambo, kumene banja anakhalako nkhondo. kufotokoza ili mu nyumba ano, cholinga anamanga. Limanena za Valentina Tereshkova ndi anthu ena a m'dera Yaroslavl, amene anathandiza kuti chitukuko cha astronautics.