Nadezhda Teffi mbiri ndi zilandiridwenso. Mwachidule yonena za Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya

Amaonera mabuku Russian zambiri anapanga anthu Inde maphunziro. Sitingathe amanena kuti amadziwa zimenezi ndi zolakwika kwambiri. Koma amasonyeza chinthu si bwino ntchito. maina ambiri chidwi ndi zochitika anatsalira kunja njira sukulu. Mwachitsanzo, sukulu wamba, ngakhale akudutsa chilemba cha kuunikidwa kwambiri mabuku, zambiri kwathunthu wosadziwika, yemwe uyu Teffi Nadezhda Aleksandrovna. Koma nthawi zambiri, awa otchedwa mayina wachiwiri mzere tiyenera kulabadira wapadera.

Kuyang'ana ku mbali ina

Pakuti mosalekeza ndi kowala talente Nadezhda Alexandrovna Taffy ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi anthu onse amene amasamala za nyengo yofunika kwambiri pa mbiri Russian, imene ndi mwayi moyo ndi ntchito. Nkomwe wolemba akhoza zimachitika nyenyezi mabuku a ukulu choyamba, koma chifaniziro cha chi popanda ndi chosakwanira. Kuyang'ana chochititsa chidwi pa chikhalidwe Russian ndi mbiri kwa ife amene anali kutsidya lina la vuto zake zakale. Ndipo kunja kwa Russia, mu ophiphiritsa, kunapezeka kuti kontinenti wauzimu wa anthu Russian ndi chikhalidwe Russian. Nadezhda Teffi, mbiri yomwe linagawanika mu amachepetsa awiri, kumatithandiza kumvetsa bwino za Russian anthu amene chikumbumtima analandira zisinthe ndi Kukadakhala otsutsa zogwirizana. Iwo anali ndi chifukwa chabwino izi.

Nadezhda Teffi: yonena pa maziko a chi

Zolembalemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya zinachitika m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, ndakatulo mabuku lalifupi mu periodicals likulu. Kwenikweni, anali ndakatulo satirical ndi satires pa nkhani vuto chikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha iwo, Nadezhda Teffi msanga zinatchuka ndi anatchuka kwambiri ku mitu iwiri ya Russian Ufumu. Izi achinyamata zopezeka mu mbiri mabuku anali n'zosadabwitsa khola. Palibe chimene chingafooketse chidwi anthu mu ntchito ya Taffy. Wambiri lili palokha nkhondo, ulimi ndi zaka emigration. ulamuliro mabuku a ndakatulo ndi wolemba anakhalabe yamphamvu.

kulenga dzina

Tiyenera mwapadera nkhani ya mmene Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lohvitskaya anakhala Hope Taffy. Kuvomereza dzina lakuti iye anali muyeso zofunika, kuyambira pansi pa dzina lenileni lofalitsidwa kunali kovuta. Mlongo wamkulu Hope, Mirra Lokhvitskaya anayamba ntchito yake mabuku kale kwambiri, dzina lake kale kuzindikirike. Nadezhda Teffi yokha, amene yonena chimagwiritsidwa chitidwe kangapo zolemba za moyo wake mu Russia ananena kuti ngati alias dzina mnzanu anasankha wopusa, amene aliyense wotchedwa "Steffi". kalata imodzi anachita kudulidwa kwa munthu analibe chifukwa wodzikweza chifukwa cha kunyada.

Ndakatulo ndi nkhani zoseketsa

Chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera m'maganizo pamene akakumana ndi cholowa kulenga a ndakatulo iyi, ndi wotchuka mawu Antona Pavlovicha Chehova - "kufupika -. Mlongo luntha" Kumayambiriro ntchito Taffy kukumana ndi mtima wonse. Ndakatulo ndi satires okhazikika wolemba wa magazini otchuka "Satyricon" nthawi zonse zosayembekezereka, yowala ndi luso. Anthu nthawi zonse kuyembekezera kupitiriza, ndipo wolemba sanamugwiritse Iye mwala anthu. Ndi zovuta kupeza wina wa wolemba, owerenga ndi mafani amene anali kwambiri anthu osiyana monga Mfumu Nicholas II ndi Autocrat wa dziko proletariat mtsogoleri Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. N'zotheka kuti Nadezhda Teffi kuti ndi anakhalabe mu chikumbukiro wolemba tsogolo la kuwala zopeka azithunzithunzi, ngati kamvuluvulu zochitika chosintha, kuzungulira dziko.

Kukwera

Chiyambi cha zinthu zimenezi, zasintha kupitirira kuzindikira patangopita zaka zochepa, Russia, inu mukhoza kuona nkhani ndi essays la wolemba. Cholinga kusiya dziko anaonekera osati mu mphindi imodzi. Chakumapeto 1918, Taffy, pamodzi ndi wolemba Arkady Averchenko ngakhale malo dziko, mu moto Woyaka nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Paulendo wa, anakonza omvera moyo. Koma lonse la zochitika kudzifutukula bwino kuderera tanthauzo lake. The ulendo inatenga zaka za chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo tsiku lililonse likadutsa izo anayamba bwino kuti akubwerera kulibenso. dziko Russian mofulumira m'mbuyo pansi pa mapazi ake. Patsogolo chinali chabe Black Sea ndi njira youma Constantinople kwa Paris. Ndipo wabwera pamodzi ndi kuthawa White Army Nadezhda Teffi. Wambiri mwa iye m'tsogolo kupitiriza kukhala kunja.

emigration

Kuli kutali ndi kwawo kwa laling'ono linali losavuta ndi kuvutanganitsidwa wopanda. Komabe, chikhalidwe ndi zolembalemba moyo m'dziko la emigration Russian anali pachimake. Mu Paris ndi Berlin kunja periodicals ndi mabuku lofalitsidwa mu Russian. Anthu ambiri amene analemba pa mphamvu wonse anayamba okha emigration. Odziwa za ndale komanso chipwirikiti akhala ndithu polimbikitsa zilandiridwenso kukhonda kulekana ndi dziko wakhala nkhani zonse ntchito emigrant. Si zosiyana ndi zilandiridwenso Hope Taffy. Chokumbukira ndi otaika zithunzi Russian mabuku a emigration Russian kwa zaka zambiri kuti akhale mitu yaikulu ya mabuku ake ndi nkhani periodicals.

Chidwi, mukhoza kuyitana zinachitikadi kuti nkhani Hope Taffy mu 1920 zinasindikizidwa mu Soviet Russia kwambiri njira imene Lenin. Mu zolemba izi, iye anayankha moyipa kwambiri za makhalidwe a ena alendo. Komabe, Bolsheviks anakakamizika kuyika ndakatulo otchuka, kamodzi bwino maganizo ake pa iwo.

zithunzi zolembalemba

Zolemba wodzipereka kwa kanjedza zosiyanasiyana za ndale Russian, chikhalidwe ndi mabuku, mutakhala kunyumba ndipo amapezeka pa behest wa zinthu zakale kupitirira malire ake, ndi chimake cha zilandiridwenso Hope Taffy. Chokumbukira mtundu uwu nthawi zonse kukopa tcheru. Maulendo a anthu otchuka chabe silingayende bwino. A Nadezhda Teffi, kanthawi yonena amene conventionally anagawa pawiri - moyo mu dziko ndi mu ukapolo unali yodziwa kanjedza ambiri otchuka. Ndipo iye anali za kuwauza ana ndipo m'nthawi. Zithunzi za Chiwerengerochi zimakhala zosangalatsa - maganizo la wolemba za zolemba anthu zotsatirazi.

Masamba Maulendo prose Taffy zimatipatsa mwayi kukumana ndi zithunzi mbiri yakale, monga Grigory Rasputin, Vladimir Lenin, Alexander Kerensky. Ndi olemba kwambiri ndi ojambula zithunzi - Ivanom Buninym, Aleksandrom Kuprinym, Iloy Repinym, Leonid Andreev, wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Zinaida Gippius, ndi Vsevolod Meyerhold.

Bwererani ku Russia

Hope Taffy moyo mu ukapolo sanali. Ngakhale kuti nkhani yake yochepa essays lofalitsidwa mwaufulu, chindapusa zolembalemba anali kusakhazikika ndiponso kuonetsetsa kuti kuli penapake pafupi osachepera ang'onoang'ono. Pa ulamuliro wa Nazi France, moyo wa kwawo Russian zambiri zovuta. Pamaso kanjedza ambiri odziwika anali ndi funso la kusankha abwino. Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi a mbali ya anthu Russian m'mayiko ena m'gulu anakana mogwirizana ndi nyumba ya collaborationist. A kusankha ofanana limaletsa munthu kuti amalize umphawi.

Wambiri Hope Taffy inatha mu 1952. Iye anaikidwa mu mzinda wa Paris pa wotchuka Russian manda a Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. Mu Russia iye ankapita kubwerera okha awo ntchito zolembalemba. Izo zinafikira massively lofalitsidwa mu periodicals Soviet mu Mipingo mochedwa zaka mazana makumi awiri, mu nthawi ya kusintha. Books Hope Taffy zinayenda bwino ndipo Mabaibulo osiyana. Iwo analandiridwa bwino ndi kuŵerenga.