Plastids angakhale osiyana: mitundu, kapangidwe, ntchito

Ambiri ziri mukudziwa zimene plastids ku sukulu. M'kupita kwa zomera limanena kuti maselo a zomera, ndi plastids kungakhale wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukula kwake komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu selo. Nkhaniyi mfundo ya kapangidwe ka plastids ndi Matupi awo ndi ntchito za anthu amene kale maphunziro a sekondale, ndipo kukhala zothandiza aliyense chidwi zamoyo.

kapangidwe

Chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikusonyeza dongosolo zojambula za plastids mu chipinda. Kaya mtundu wake, ali kunja ndi mkati nembanemba, ntchito yake zodzitetezera stroma - analogue cytoplasm ribosomal DNA michere.

Mu chloroplasts pali nyumba wapadera - grana. Grana thylakoids anapangidwa kuchokera - nyumba, ofanana ndi mbale wa. Thylakoids zimakhudzidwa kaphatikizidwe wa ATP ndi oxygen.

Mu chloroplasts wowuma granules anapanga chifukwa cha photosynthesis.

Leucoplasts osati inki. Iwo amachita thylakoids palibe, iwo alibe gawo mu photosynthesis. Ambiri leucoplasts anaikira mu tsinde ndi muzu wa mbewu.

Chromoplasts ndi lopangidwa ndi m'malovu zamadzimadzi - nyumba munali lipids kofunika kupereka zina dongosolo mphamvu ya plastids.

Plastids akhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Miyeso osiyanasiyana pakati microns 5-10. mawonekedwe ndi zambiri kuzungulira kapena chowulungika, koma mwina wina aliyense.

mitundu ya plastids

Plastids kungakhale colorless (leucoplasts), zobiriwira (chloroplasts), chikasu kapena lalanje (chromoplasts). Kamakupatsani chloroplasts chomera masamba obiriwira.

mtundu wina wa plastids, chromoplasts, ndi amene wachikasu, wofiira kapena lalanje mtundu.

plastids colorless mu chipinda ntchito ya yosungirako zatu. Leucoplasts zili mafuta, zokhala, mapuloteni ndi michere. Pamene mbewu akusowa mphamvu zina anagawa wowuma monomers - shuga.

Leucoplasts akamaziwononga (by dzuwa kapena powonjezera mankhwala) zikhoza kusinthidwa n'kukhala chloroplast ndi, chloroplasts akusinthika mu chromoplasts, pamene wotchedwa chlorophyll akuwonongedwa ndi mitundu inki kuyamba yakulamulira chromoplasts - carotene, anthocyanin kapena xanthophyll. Kusinthika ndi noticeable mu autumn, pamene masamba ndi zipatso zambiri kusintha mtundu chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa inki wotchedwa chlorophyll ndi mawonetseredwe chromoplasts.

ntchito

Monga tanena plastids akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi ntchito zawo muchipindachi mbewu malinga zosiyanasiyana ndi.

Leucoplasts ntchito makamaka kwa kusungiramo zakudya ndi zomera thandizo chifukwa luso kusunga ndi lithe mapulotini, lipids, michere.

Chloroplasts kugwira ntchito yaikulu mu ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. Mothandizidwa ndi kuikapo maganizo pigment wotchedwa chlorophyll mu plastids mpweya woipa chikuchitika ndi kutembenuka kwa mamolekyulu madzi shuga ndi mpweya mamolekyulu.

Chromoplasts zikomo kwa mitundu yowala kukopa tizilombo kwa kubereketsa zomera. Kuphunzira ntchito za plastids aŵa akupitirirabe.