Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich, Russian Soviet Wolemba ndakatulo: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Kalinin Anatoly - Soviet wolemba, wolemba ndakatulo wolemba nkhani wina. Iye anali kupereka kwa Gorky Prize, ndi kupereka angapo mendulo ndi mphoto, mwa ndizo lamulo la Lenin, World nkhondo yoyamba msinkhu, ndi October kuukira boma, Red Star, Ubwenzi wa Peoples ndi Labor Red Chabwino. Kwa zaka 20, iye anali ndi kazembe Supreme Soviet la Russia. Moyo ndi ntchito za munthu ameneyu ndipo tidzakambirana chiyani m'nkhani.

yonena

Anatoly Kalinin (amene yonena tsopano kuonedwa ndi ife) anabadwa mu 1916, 22 August. Malo amene wolemba m'tsogolo m'mudzi Kamensky (Rostov dera), lomwe tsopano kukhala mzinda wa Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy. Pano, pa Don, anakhala ubwana ndi unyamata wa wolemba tsogolo lake. Atate Anatoly Veniaminovich anali ku Novocherkassk Cossacks ndi kugwira ntchito mu mphunzitsi wa sukulu kumidzi, ndipo mayi ake anali Cossack Kamenka.

Agogo Kalinin Cossack kwaya anaimba mu mpingo, iye anali ndi mawu abwino kwambiri. Pokumbukira ubwana wake, wolemba simungathe kulingalira popanda agogo kuimba wake.

Kalinin nkhawa kuti mawu akuti "Cossack" mu ubwana wake sanali analankhula. Wolemba ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri za chitsitsimutso cha miyambo Cossack ndi moyo. Ndipo pamene, pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, Stalin inaika lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa thupi la Don Cossacks, Kalinin anazindikira kuti Cossacks anayamba buluzi. Pa funde ichi, anafalitsa mu 1943 nkhani yakuti "Don Cossacks".

buku loyamba

Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich otchedwa Cossacks "lokwera Russia", pamene iye sanali kugawa Cossacks anadzipereka "nereestrovyh" ndi "kaundula". Koma adzakhala kwambiri kenako, koma tsopano Kalinin analandira mu Apainiya. Pa wamng'ono, iye anali atayamba kale kulemba essays za moyo wakumudzi ndi minda losonkhanitsidwa mu Don kwa buku mu nyuzipepala "Mpainiya choonadi" ndi "adzukulu Lenin Mulungu."

Monga wachinyamata mu 1930, Kalinin pamodzi ndi chingwe ntchito anapita ku midzi ndi m'midzi ing'onoing'ono Don kuthamangitsa collectivization. Ndipo mu 1931, wolemba tsogolo membala wa Komsomol. Kenako anayamba ntchito manyuzipepala akuzigawo ndi dera mu Kuban, Don, mu Kabardino-Balkaria.

Kalinin Anatoly anakhala mtolankhani mu 1935, "Komsomolskaya Pravda" imene imaunika mavuto a Armenia, Kabardino-Balkaria, ndi Ukraine, ndi Don. Ndipo mu 1941, wolemba anapita kutsogolo monga mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala izi - ambiri Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anakhala pa amadzibisa kum'mwera.

buku loyamba ndi Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Woyamba ntchito yaikulu ya wolemba afalitsidwa 1940. Zinali buku lotchedwa "n'chodabwitsa". Mu ntchito iyi, Kalinin Anatoly kolkhoz Nov otchulidwa m'mphepete mwa Cossacks. Iye analemba zinthu zimene ankadziwa kuyambira ubwana: njira Cossack wa moyo, ntchito wamba, chilankhulidwe cha dziko.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, mawonekedwe Zenizeni Kalinin kukhala apolisi ndi alimi, amene anavala mayunifolomu asilikali, kamodzi otchedwa kwawo. Panthawi imeneyi, Kalinin anatumiza zosiyanasiyana essays nyuzipepala pa zinachitika mu Rostov, Mozdok, Stalingrad. Ndipo mu 1943 anafalitsa buku la essays a wolemba lakuti "Cossacks ndi kumadzulo." nkhani asilikali lofalitsidwa mu 1944 mu magazini "New World" "Mu South" ndipo mu 1945 - mankhwala a "comrades". Kenako, zochokera nkhani ziwirizi Kalinin amalenga buku lalikulu za ungwazi wa asilikali Russian - "Red Flag". Ntchito lofalitsidwa mu 1951 ku Rostov.

nthawi unawonongedwa

Pamene Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo itatha, Kalinin anasamukira ku Don munda Puhlyakovsky. Apa, wolemba amalenga angapo essays za anthu a m'midzi Don Cossack, "Moon Night", "Munthu anasiya kolkhoz", "mizu ya undies" ndi ena. The ngwazi za ntchito izi anadzapeza mu mabuku ena ambiri ndi nkhani Kalinin.

The "Choonadi" mu 1953, wolemba lofalitsidwa ntchito "Pa mlingo pakati." m'nkhaniyi ananena Kalinin bwinobwino pa magazini atsopano zokhudza chitukuko cha kumudzi kalembedwe mphamvu chipani cha. wolemba wofunika kwambiri pa ntchito imeneyi ndipo wotsatira nkhani "Moon Night". Wolemba ankakhulupirira kuti anamuthandiza kuti atsimikizire lolondola mitu osankhidwa kuti analenga. essays izi mwachangu anayankhira owerenga - Kalinin analandira kwambiri makalata ndi thandizo adiresi.

Mu 1962 Kalinin analemba buku "choletsedwa Zone", limene limafotokoza pomanga Volga-Don ngalande. Ntchito aukitsa nkhani zotsatirazi: maphunziro a munthu watsopano mu mzimu wa zolinga chikominisi; Pogonjetsa zochitika ndi zochita sayenera m'dziko zokomera; ziyenera a zimene zikuchitika mawu a chikumbumtima chikominisi.

"Gypsy"

Koma chifukwa buku ili atatchuka Anatoly Kalinin. "Gypsy" - iyi ndi ntchito kuti wolemba mbiri. buku limeneli linakhazikitsidwa zosiyanasiyana zokhudza autobiographical. Chifanizo cha khalidwe tambirimbiri ya chi Budulai adanyamuka wolemba nkhondo pamene m'chipatala, anaona Scout Roma akupereka dongosolo la Red Star ndi imodzi mwa asilikali Cossack. Ndiye Kalinin anali koma ndinaganiza za kulemba buku, koma M'nkhani ya iye anakumbukira moyo wonse. Ndiye, pamene wagawo wake anali kuthawa pansi wolemba Minor Belozerka ndinaona wosweka Gypsy katundu. Kenaka anauzidwa kuti mkazi anatenga mwanayo, ochitidwa kwa iye. Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo Kalinin Anatoly ankakhala pafupi ndi ya chi-Smith, yemwe anali mng'ono dzina lake Budulai.

Wolemba lonse zilandiridwenso akupitiriza kunena kuti lathu lankhondo, kuwulula kugwirizana pakati pa zochitika za m'mbuyomu ndi pano. ntchito izi, kuwonjezera "Gypsy" ndi mabuku "bokosi youma", "Point a No Bwererani", "Echo Nkhondo". Mfundo zikuluzikulu maganizo pakati ntchito izi lagona pa dongosolo la zithunzi za ngwazi - wolemba limasiyanitsa anthu, olengedwa mwa dongosolo Union, komanso omwe miyoyo amalumala kukhumba chuma kapena mphamvu.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1967, Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich analemba buku "Fuulani, mabelu!". ntchito unadzipereka kwa nkhani zokongoletsa ndi makhalidwe a banja ndi kubereka ana.

Mu mabuku, Kalinin nthawi zonse amaona wolowa Sholokhov mwambo. wolemba mwini pangano ndi ichi, ndi ngakhale mu 1964 anamasula buku la essays za Sholokhov amatchedwa "Veshenskaya chilimwe." Kenako mu 1975, izo imafalitsidwa buku latsopano wolemba - "" Matama Umayenda ya Don Time ". Ndipo kuchokera mu 1982 mpaka 1983 lofalitsidwa ntchito anasonkhana kwa Kalinin.

Wolemba anamwalira mu 2008, pa June 12, m'dera lakumidzi Puhlyakovsky. Iye anaikidwa mu bwalo la nyumba yake.

Vesi Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha

Ndakatulo Kalinin si zodziwika bwino monga prose wake. Komabe, wolemba walemba ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo zingapo. Komanso, zochita iye anali akulemba buku za Don Cossacks ndakatulo. Mwatsoka, mfundo imeneyi anali konse akuyendera.

Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha ndakatulo, ngati prose wake, lolunjika pa nkhani ya makhalidwe, zolinga chikominisi, komanso Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mu mizere wake ndakatulo wolemba limalimbikitsa owerenga kutsatira mtima wanu, mogwirizana ndi chikumbumtima ndi zabwino. Makamaka kwa anthu, malinga Kalinin, ndi mphamvu yake amafuna kutumikira Mama. Mutu wa utumiki wodzipereka mwina, umadutsa ntchito ya wolemba.

"Budulai, amene Sitidikira"

filimuyi anatengera buku "Gypsy," linatulutsidwa mu 1994. Director of filimu anali Alexander Fenko. Kuwombera zinachitika m'mudzi pa famu Razdorskaya Kanygin (Rostov Region). Apa ndi pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anakhala moyo wake iye Kalinin. Zovina ndi nyimbo ankaimba ndi zisudzo ku Gypsy Theatre "Romen".

Komabe, mini-wakuti "The Gypsy Island" Poyamba anajambula, limene linatuluka mu 1993. Ndipo okha patapita chaka ofotokoza wokwera kupenta "Budulai, amene musayembekezere."

Udindo waukulu mu filimu ankaimba ndi Otar Megvinetuhutsesi. Chithunzi limatiuza nkhani ya Gypsy Budulai, amene akubwerera kumudzi Don Cossack patapita zaka 10 m'ndende.

Choncho, moyo chidwi kwambiri ndi lapadera moyo Kalinin. Koma ntchito wolembayo, ndi otchuka lero.