Wambiri Hachaturyana Arama Ilicha. Tsatanetsatane. chithunzi

Umunthu konse zikugwirizanira chimango akufuna. A chitsanzo ichi - yonena Hachaturyana Arama Ilicha. Khachaturian ankafuna kudziwa dziko lonse. Mwana yopanga mabuku anatenga Mfumukazi Elizabeth wa Belgium, iye moni chosintha Suntuke Guevara, adakomana naye fano la luntha Ernest Hemingway - onse mlandu mphatso zodabwitsa Wolemba, amene nyimbo captivates ku tapamwamba woyamba kwambiri.

ubwana

Aram Khachaturian anabadwa mu Tiflis pansi m'mudzi mu 1903 ndipo ndinakulira mu mzinda phokoso ndi osangalatsa, wodzala ndi wowerengeka nyimbo oimba Chiameniya, Chijojiya ndi Russian. Kuyambira ndili mwana, iye ankalankhula zinenero zitatu. Nyumba - Chiameniya, pabwalo - mu Chijojiya, kusukulu - mu Russian. Ndipo izo zinali zabwino ndithu mwachibadwa. Palibe Sichikupezeka malire a yopapatiza a m'mayiko ndi Aram inagwirizana mumaganiza onse. Iye anamvera mayi anga anaimba Chiameniya wowerengeka nyimbo mu msewu adawomba Chijojiya polyphony, mfuu ya m'mapaki wa romances Russian. Zikatero, ndi mwana Ndikufuna kuyimba ndi kusewera. Kodi mtundu wa chimwemwe zinali pamene nthawi zina anagula limba ndi makiyi kumira! Aram pa mwamsanga anaphunzira kukatenga mingoli onse ndi makutu ndipo mukupeka pang'ono. Choncho anayamba yonena za kulenga ya Khachaturian.

mu Moscow

nyumba sanavomereze ludzu nyimbo ndipo anatumizidwa kwa zaka naintini likulu kuti Suren m'bale. Pali Aram analowa Moscow University mu mphamvu ya Biology. Koma zinkakhalira likulu - nyimbo ndi chikhalidwe malo, kumene inu mukhoza kupezeka nthetemya zoimbaimba, mvetserani ku opera, zisudzo kuchitika pa Mayakovsky, analibe makalasi Aram zamoyo. Iwo ikupita kukopedwa nyimbo. Inde m'bale ndi abwenzi anamulangiza kuti Atchule ake. Choncho, popanda kudziwa kalembedwe nyimbo, ndi wolimba mtima munthu aliyense adapita ku mayeso ku Gnessin School. Aphunzitsi anadabwa kumva, kukumbukira nyimbo, lingaliro la mungoli alephera kusewera chida chilichonse nyimbo. Koma Aram akadali anavomera, sakuganiza kuti chiyambi, zomwe luso. luso limene limatinso, mmene ena mwa mbiri Khachaturian.

Phunziro mu malo awiri

Aram chinang'ambika zidutswa. Iye ankafuna kusangalatsa atate wake ndi amake, ndipo iye sanafooke yunivesite ndipo pa sukulu anam'tumiza kuthana ndi kalasi cello - bizinesi yatsopano mwamtheradi, ndi khalidwe zonse ongolankhula muyenera kukhala mwachangu kuti andipeze ndi ana asukulu anzanu amene anaphunzira kuyambira tili ana.

Ndalama zokwanira, iye anagwira ntchito gawo katundu, ndiye maphunziro apaderawo, anatsogolera makalasi nyimbo ku sukulu ya mkaka. Kulankhulana ndi ana Aram anapereka chimwene. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kulemba, moti yowala sewero lake akanakhoza kupereka sewero kwa akatswiri.

inali

Kuyambira 1929 mpaka 1934, Aram anaphunzira zikuchokera motsogozedwa ndi M. F. Gnesina, ndiyeno - N. Ya Myaskovskogo.. M'njira moyo anatsimikiza iye - Kupanga nyimbo: m'masiku ake wophunzira panali zipinda zazikulu zokhala, toccata, zoimbaimba. Atatu kwa clarinet ndi zeze kwambiri kutamandidwa Prokofiev ndipo anamutengera ku France. Choyamba anachita mu Paris. Choncho kusanduka yonena Khachaturian mu zaka wophunzira.

Ukwati ndi moyo

Mu 1933, ukwati wa Aram ndi mnzakeyo wake, tsogolo Wolemba Nina Vladimirovna Makarova. Iyo inali wokondwa wogwirizana, pamene iye anabadwa mwana wa Karen. Banjali linali kuzindikira kwathunthu kwa wina ndi mnzake ndipo mtheradi mogwirizana. Mofanana makumi atatu chaka anadzazidwa ndi chikondwerero ndi zokongola "Dance Maapatimenti" chifukwa nthetemya yana. Mapeto a inali ya zinali zodzaza ndi kulemba Symphony Choyamba, zomwe adawomba pansi arches ake. Patsogolo kukhwima kulenga kwa Wolemba, amene anatembenuka ndi zaka 32.

zaka za nkhondo

Nkhondo isanayambe, Aram Khachaturian analemba kuvina "Chimwemwe". The libretto sanali bwino kwambiri, choncho kenako okha Cold Perm walenga ntchito yatsopano, "Gayane". Pa nthawiyi, Aram Khachaturian anali Wolemba losadziwika. Nyimbo wake kwa "Masquerade" sewero ndi sewero lanthabwala "The Chivalensha Wamasiye", anali kupereka dongosolo la Lenin. Ballet "Gayane" anaikidwa timu ya Kirov Theatre mu 1942. 42 wazaka Aram analemba chachiwiri, "Asilikali" Symphony, ndipo anamaliza zeze concerto, omwe anakhala yoimba woyamba wa Davide Oistrakh. Mu 1944 analenga boma nyimbo Armenia. Iye anafika ku Yerevan mu chilimwe, mawindo a nyumba anali otseguka ndipo phokoso la nyimbo ya pansi iwo anali anthu amene anaima pansi mazenera kuyimba pamodzi kumva nyimbo.

Mu 1945 wolemba pa funde la chisangalalo otchuka ndi changu kulenga lachitatu kukwiya "kuwina" nthetemya. Anakumbukira njala oimba - iye Shostakovich ndi David Oistrakh - anapereka konsati umene ankapatsidwa chakudya cha masana. Ndipo kamphindi odzipereka yonena Khachaturian.

polimbana zamawonekedwe mu nyimbo

Nkhondo itatha Stalin anayamba kulimbana ndi cosmopolitanism. Zonse Mitundu ya luso ali zolimba. Arama Ilicha, ankateteza Prokofiev, mlandu zamawonekedwe. Kuneneza sizinali zoona, chifukwa maestro nyimbo zinali zochokera nyimbo wowerengeka kuti adzuke ndingaliro ya Wolemba lapansi. Koma inachotsedwa ofesi mu Union of Oimba, kenako Aram nsangala anayamba ntchito kulenga. Ndi 1954, anamaliza ntchito pa kuvina "Spartacus" ndipo linayamba kuonetsedwa mu Leningrad mu zaka ziwiri. Koma m'ziwawa kuvina anali ankachitika yekha mu 1968 pa Bolshoi Theatre. Naye panjira n'kupita kudziko lina ngati "Gayane" ndi "saber Dance" anakhala nambala palokha.

Kugwira ntchito ndi zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema

Chifukwa cha zisudzo, monga tanenera, Aram analemba nyimbo. Chifukwa cha zimene analenga twente kwambiri, ndi mafilimu twente-faifi. Ena ntchito ina imene iye reworked mu Maapatimenti lapansi. Ndi "Masquerade", "Lermontov", "Macbeth", "King Lear", "Spartacus", "Gayane" ndi ena ambiri, amene ali ambiri otchuka.

Kuphunzitsa ndi chikhalidwe ntchito

Mu 60s, pamodzi ndi ntchito yolenga ya Aramu, ndi kuphunzira pa Moscow Conservatory, ndi Institute. Gnesin. Iye analenga latsopano, anayamba mfundo wake zikuchokera. Iye anaphunzira Andrei Eshpay, Alexei Rybnikov, Mikael Tariverdiev. Ndipo mndandanda akanakhoza pitirira. Ndi nthawi iyi representational zochita zake zochuluka, zomwe mwamphamvu chokhudzana yonena Khachaturian. chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza iye ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeti ya Belgium. Iye sanali amakana kwa maulendo akunja anakumana Charlie Chaplin, Herbert Von Karajan, ngakhale ndi Papa. Koma akakhumudwa wake kuti yotakata ntchito pagulu sanapereke mpata kuti alembe opera. Mutu wa Hero wa Socialist Labor, iye anali kupereka kwa ntchito kwa tsiku la 70 mu 1973. Aram anali membala aulemu la Italy Academy of Music, pulofesa wa inali Mexico, membala lolingana wa Academy of Tirhana wa GDR.

Moyo wopsinjika okhudzana wolemba, ndipo iye anayamba kudwala zambiri. matenda ake anakula matenda ndi imfa ya mkazi wake wokondedwa 1976. Ndithudi, Aram sakanakhoza kupirira moyo popanda mkazi wake. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu 1978, anamwalira ali ndi zaka 75. Wambiri ya wolemba kwambiri Hachaturyana Arama Ilicha mu ulaliki wathu watha. moyo wake anapitiriza nyimbo ndi ntchito za ana ake.

Wambiri Khachaturian mwachidule ana

Mu zaka za m'ma 20, mu phokoso ndi otentha Tiflis (tsopano Tbilisi, mzinda wotchedwa) anabadwa mu banja la mwana chosindikizira yachinayi wotchedwa Aram. Palibe wina amene amadziwa, kuyambira ubwana pambuyo kumvetsera wowerengeka nyimbo kuyenda kuchokera kumbali zonse za mayadi onse ndi misewu, mnyamata wamng'ono amaphunzira polurazlomannom limba ndi makutu kukatenga nyimbo iliyonse ndi kuwonjezera chinachake prisochinyat kwa izo, ndiyeno kupita ku Moscow ndi chifuniro kuphunzira ndi zamoyo, ndi woyimba. Anthu amene amachita nyimbo sukulu, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi khama muyenera kuika kutenga kalasi zabwino, ndipo patapita masukulu nyimbo ndi makoleji akhoza chitani ngati n'kotheka, mu inali ndi. Koma luso kwambiri mnyamata anavomereza kuti Gnessin School, ngakhale kuti iye sankadziwa kalembedwe nyimbo, ndipo manja ake samaperekedwa, ndipo sadali kuchita masewera chida chilichonse nyimbo. A zambiri Aramu Ilichu Hachaturyanu anali kumvetsa. Koma anaphunzira kwambiri ndipo nthawi yonseyi imene nyimbo. Ndipo pamene anamaliza pasukulu, mwa kupambana kwa ntchito yake inali Waltz ku sewero la Lermontov a "Masquerade". Kalasi mu School of Music zikumveka kuti, monga iwo amati, ndi akumenyetsa-kugunda, monga "saber Dance" kuchokera kuvina "Gayane".

Ntchito mwa Arama Ilicha ankaimba asangalatsi athu bwino kuti anabwera padziko lonse. Choncho ntchito zake aphunzira osati kunyumba komanso kunja. Iye anali olandiridwa alendo pa Mfumukazi Belgium, Charlie Chaplin, Stravinsky, pa Sibelius, Papa wa Rome. Nayi mbiri Khachaturian ana.