Pambuyo mavuto. Russia m'zaka 17. chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma

Nthawi ya Mavuto zingawonongeka mpaka kalekale boma la Russia. Panatenga zaka zambiri kuti abwezeretse mlingo wakale moyo. kukula zachuma Russia a m'nthawi ya 17 idayamba 20, pamene odzipereka mu dera Volga, Southern Siberia, Northern Black Sea gombe. Ndi nthawi kulilembanso mbiri latsopano ndi kukonzanso delineate malire a maiko Russian. chikhalidwe Russian m'zaka 17 pang'onopang'ono anasintha n'zofunika - mpingo chiphunzitso anabwerera ku m'mbuyomu amakhala mfundo zogwirizana moyo m'dzikoli ndi wa munthuyo.

mfundo Russia cha m'ma 17

Malangizo waukulu mfundo yachilendo ya boma adzakusonyezani tebulo. Russia m'zaka 17 kwa nthawi yoyamba patadutsa zaka za nkhondo ndi chisokonezo anali kupeza yokha ngati boma amphamvu ndi kudzidalira.

Malinga latsopano mfundo yachilendo ya dziko anayamba kugona ndi maiko ena. Pa Mavuto Great Russia anataya dera kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo, kum'mwera kwa kuukira zonse Crimea khans unachepa zachonde. Kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian, kulimbitsa boma, kuchira zachuma ndi malonda - ntchito yaikulu anapereka kwa Russian m'zaka 17.

chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma

Chuma cha dziko unapangidwa kovuta zinthu atasemphana chachikale chinkawavuta asapita ang'onoang'ono ndi kalasi ya bourgeoisie kuyambika. wathunthu ukapolo wa ndondomeko wamba anapanga maziko a chitukuko Russian chikhalidwe. Conciliar The Code cha 1649 anathetsa "atathana zaka" ankafuna wamba amathawathawa anatsimikizidwa lopitirira, zomwe pamapeto pake kumana alimi ufulu zochepa zimene tinatengera kwa makolo awo.

Wamba anali amadalira kotheratu Ambuye ang'onoang'ono anachitira dziko lake kufufuza, ndi kulipira iye lendi. dalitso kuti yodziwika njira akumidzi a moyo, omwe chifukwa cha mfundo za m'banja anathamangitsa ndi Russia m'zaka 17. chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma amamvera malamulo a absolutism, umene wawachititsa, makamaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa 1649 Council Code.

Kwa zaka 20 kutsitsimuka kupanga Chotsimikizika, nthambi yatsopano kupanga tikuuzidwa mu Russia - manufactory. Latsopano malonda hayala streamlined malamulo ubale malonda ndi chidwi chitukuko cha malonda.

Kulimbikitsa ufumu

Pamene ambiri pamene machaputala awiri a Code latsopano malamulo Russian kuteteza ufulu wa ufumu, ndi kutchuka kwa mphamvu wachifumu dziko. Pang'onopang'ono, mphamvu zonse ndi anaikira mu manja a mfumu imodzi - mfumu. Zemsky Sobor kale kuthetsa nkhani zofunika ndale, mwamsanga anataya malo ake. maudindo awo ndipo mphamvu tsopano ukuperekedwa kwa Boyar Duma. The mtendere mu chuma ndi ndale kumalimbitsa autocratic boma, ngakhale popanda thandizo la magawo onse a anthu. Kukhalabe ndale zoweta anapanga centralized boma zida za utsogoleli.

madongosolo

Udindo wa anthu a mphamvu lachifumu m'madera ena talamulidwa. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 17 zinapangidwa, koma mabungwe panalibe kusiyana pakati levers malamulo ndi wamkulu wa mphamvu. Pa Mavuto ntchito malamulo anali wosaoneka ndiponso operewera.

Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich kukhazikitsa malamulo angapo wogwirizira - iwo inasokonekera pambuyo kuchita ntchito zina. m'malo mwake, Alexis, waika ndi malamulo okhazikika kuti agwire ntchito zawo m'madera ena - kuphatikizapo anthu amene Mwawalumikiza Russia m'zaka 17. chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma ya dziko limathandiza kusintha mpingo, umene unachitika mu m'zaka za m'ma.

The centralization wa mpingo

Kulumikizana madera Chibelarusi ndi Chiyukireniya m'mayiko a boma Russian kwachititsa anthu otaya kutanthauzira zosiyanasiyana za ziphunzitso za Chikristu Orthodox. kusintha Nikon unalinganizidwira kuphatikiza ziphunzitso variegated achipembedzo ndi yolenganso Mpingo umodzi Orthodox. Koma kusintha anachititsa kung'ung'udza kwambiri za anthu, ndipo lingaliro la kachipembedzo ulamuliro osadalira pa autocrat chidziko aukali. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali kugawanika kwa mpingo, ndipo mu 1666, Nikon unachotsedwa.

Russian chikhalidwe cha m'ma 17

Kukula kwa makina mu boma Russian akuyamba ndi kufalitsa woyamba buku kusindikizidwa "Mtumwi". Pali latsopano Mitundu zolembalemba, ndi theka lachiwiri la atumwi anati yokha portraiture, omwe anakhala makolo a S. Ushakov.

Kusintha mfundo za mapulani a m'tawuni ndi zomangamanga. Zikuoneka kalembedwe, khalidwe okha Russia -Moscow Baroque, boma ndi nyumba anthu zinamangidwa cha mwala.

Mukhale sukulu ophunzitsidwa akuluakulu a boma, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma pali Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy - woyamba apamwamba bungwe maphunziro wotsegulira Russia m'zaka 17.

chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko ndi chitsitsimutso cha chikhalidwe mu Russia pa nthawi imeneyo, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kunapangitsa kuti dziko la kusintha latsopano ndi dongosolo zina ndyale.